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Laetentur Caeli: Bulla Unionis Graecorum (6. Iul. 1439) per Concilium Florentinum sub Eugenio PP. IV https://www.zazzle.com/laetentur_caeli_bulla_unionis_graecorum_poster-228612972065541377?rf=238651287932471211 The Ecumenical Council brought to Florence the Eastern Roman Emperor, the Patriarch of Constantinople, representatives of the Patriarchal Sees of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem, a Greek delegation of 700 people, prelates, doctors of theology, masters and representatives of chapters, monks and clerks of inferior orders. Pope Eugene IV was presiding. The Council was an extraordinary opportunity of exchange between Western Humanists and Byzantine intellectuals. As the debaters at the Council used ancient authorities for their debates, hundreds of Greek codices were brought to Florence and translated. Debates generated fascinating developments in humanism, philosophy and culture. There had been an ongoing dialogue before, but the intense contact during the council brought with it an increase in the exchange of ideas, writings and art. A new interest arose in early writings in Greek. Critical writings from both sides about the mistakes of the other were compared and discussed. A high number of Byzantine artworks made their way into Italy, and icons were venerated in the West. The discussions turned around central questions of faith which distinguished both churches, such as the origin of the Holy Ghost. They discussed at length their doctrine of the Trinity. The discussions were widely based on the writings of Greek and Latin writers with authority within the churches. Debates often took place as questions and answer sessions. Sources report cultural differences: while the Latins were of the opinion that discussions should be public, the Emperor preferred private meetings. Also, the technical terms which were used did not always have the same connotations, and this was a source of misunderstanding. While the Greeks relied more on the authority of old texts, the Latins liked to use the power of argument. In the eyes of one Greek participants: “The Latins have contended brilliantly for their faith so that no one with a sense of justice has any reason to reproach them... They brought forward from the common Fathers of the Church the six most renowned in dignity, wisdom, and the struggles for the faith as witnesses of their doctrine (...). They argued so precisely and clearly, expressing the question in exact words and as befits teachers (...). Besides, they put forward others from the common Fathers, those of the East I mean, adorned with an equal wisdom and honour who said, they too, just the same as those others, though not so plainly (...).” A pessimistic view was voiced by Isidore of Kiev, after recapping the arguments of both sides: “I say with regret that they have rather deepened the schism and have made the disagreement greater and stronger.” After weeks of lengthy negotiations, the Greek delegation refused to go any further. The Emperor commented: “We will join no more discussions. Discussion will lead us nowhere. You drown us in words and then claim victory.” He suggested that ten representatives from each side should meet in eight conferences to see if any result could be obtained that way. Finally, the Latins proposed a text which the Greeks found acceptable. The Emperor then arranged that six from either side should meet to write out the decree of union in both languages ready for the signatures, with the leaden seal of the Pope, and his own gold seal. The decree of union was written and then signed by both parties. It was solemnly proclaimed on Monday, 6 July, a holiday for Florence. After more than 400 years of separation, what was laid down in the decree was now the faith of both churches. Extract from the “Bull of Union”, at the Council of Florence (XVII Ecumenical), Session 6 — 6 July 1439: “Eugenius, bishop, servant of the servants of God, for an everlasting record. With the agreement of our most dear son John Palaeologus, illustrious emperor of the Romans, of the deputies of our venerable brothers the patriarchs and of other representatives of the eastern church, to the following. Let the heavens be glad and let the earth rejoice. For, the wall that divided the western and the eastern church has been removed, peace and harmony have returned, since the corner-stone, Christ, who made both one, has joined both sides with a very strong bond of love and peace, uniting and holding them together in a covenant of everlasting unity. After a long haze of grief and a dark and unlovely gloom of long-enduring strife, the radiance of hoped-for union has illuminated all.” Subsequently decrees of union with the Armenian and Coptic churches were also approved. Quotes from Joseph Gill: The Council of Florence. Cambridge 1959. #CouncilOfFlorence #RomanEmpire #EugeniusIV Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

[3/3] Codex Carolinus: Coronatio Caroli Magni Imp. Aug. a SS. Leone III P.M. (25 Dec. 800) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Carolus Magnus, etiam Karolus Magnus appellatus (742–814), fuit Rex Francorum ex anno 768 et Imperator Romanorum ex anno 800 ad mortem. Regnum Francorum in imperium auxit quod multae partes Europae Occidentalis et Mediae complexus est. Per suum regnum et imperium, Italiam vicit, et nomine Imperatore Augusto diadema e manibus Leonis Papae III die 25 Decembris 800 accepit. Monogramma imperatoris Caroli Magni Coniungitur eius dominatus cum Renascentia Carolingiana, recreatione artis, religionis, culturae, Ecclesia Catholica adiuvante. Ipse per victorias externas et correctiones internas Europam Occidentalem et Media Aeva Europaea definire adiuvit. Carolus I in indicibus regnalibus Germaniae, Sacri Romani Imperii, et Franciae numeratur. Carolus, filius Regis Pippini Brevis et Bertradae Lauduni, reginae Francicae, patri anno 768 succedens, primum cum Carlomanno I fratre rexit. Saepe subicitur coniunctio fratrum infelix fuisse, sed etiam subiciuntur impedimenta ab annalium scriptoribus in maius extulisse. Vita Carolus Heristali natus est die 2 Aprilis 742, filius Peppini Iunioris ("Brevis") et Bertradae Laonis. Eginhardus scripsit Carolum hominem esse cui corpus bene constitutum erat. Anno 773, Caroli auxilio a papa Hadriano I petito contra Langobardos, qui terris Civitatis Ecclesiae minati sunt, Carolus regem Langobardorum Desiderium profligavit et Papiam, caput eius regni, cepit. Postea gentes Saxones quae a Francorum dominio defecerant domuit. Anno 797, Irenia Atheniensis filium suum Constantinum VI Imperatorem Romanum Orientalem deposuit et se imperatricem fecit. Papa Leo III recusavit Ireniam imperatricem Imperii Romani Orientalis recognoscere. Ergo die 25 Decembris 800, papa Leo III Caroli Magni capiti coronam imperialem imposuit. Carolus Aquisgrani obiit die 28 Ianuarii 814. Corpore fuit amplo atque robusto, statura eminenti, quae tamen iustam non excederet - nam septem suorum pedum proceritatem eius constat habuisse mensuram -, apice capitis rotundo, oculis praegrandibus ac vegetis, naso paululum mediocritatem excedenti, canitie pulchra, facie laeta et hilari. Unde formae auctoritas ac dignitas tam stanti quam sedenti plurima adquirebatur; quamquam cervix obesa et brevior venterque proiectior videretur, tamen haec ceterorum membrorum celabat aequalitas. Incessu firmo totaque corporis habitudine virili; voce clara quidem, sed quae minus corporis formae conveniret Opus rerum politicarum Franciae Familia Ex concubina nomine Himiltrude unum filium genuit, nomine Pippinum, qui postea, mutata veste et tonsuratus, in Prumia monasterium trusus est. Prima Caroli Magni uxor fuit filia Desiderii regis Langobardorum cuius nomen nobis incognitum est (scilicet Desiderata aut Gerperga). Secundam uxorem ex gente Sueborum duxit, nomine Hildegardem, cuius pater Geroldus comes fuit. Ex ea multos liberos genuit. Tres filios, Carolum, Carlomannum (ab anno 781 Pippinus nuncupatus), et Hludovicum, atque tres filias, nominibus Hruodtrudis (Rotrudis), Berhta (Berta), et Gisla (Gisela). Tres liberi eius nominibus Adalhaidis, Hlotharius et Hildegardis in albis iam de hac luce migraverunt. Rorico ex filia maior Rotrude filium nomine Hludovicum genuit. Angilbertus primicerius palatii et minister Karoli Magni ex secunda filia nomine Berta duos filios genuit, quorum nomina fuerunt Hartnidus et Nithardus. Post Hildegardae mortem Carolus Fastradam in matrimonium duxit. #Vatican #ChristmasDay #RomanEmpire http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus

[2/3] Codex Carolinus: SS. Leonis PP. III Purgatio Per Sacramentum (2) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus http://ProVaticanus.blogspot.com/2010/11/22-codex-carolinus-ss-leonis-pp-iii.html Haec est Purgatio Per Sacramentum iuravit a SS. Leone PP. III manum super quatuor Evangelia in Concilio Romano (23 Dec. 800) cum protectione Caroli Magni contra defamationem malam de moralibus suis in delictis gravioribus. #LeoIII #Oath #Charlemagne http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus http://youtube.com/ProVaticanus

[1/3] Codex Carolinus: SS. Leonis PP. III Purgatio Per Sacramentum (1) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus http://ProVaticanus.blogspot.com/2010/11/12-codex-carolinus-ss-leonis-pp-iii.html Haec est Purgatio Per Sacramentum iuravit a SS. Leone PP. III manum super quatuor Evangelia in Concilio Romano (23 Dec. 800) cum protectione Caroli Magni contra defamationem malam de moralibus suis in delictis gravioribus. #Charlemagne #LeoIII #Rome http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus http://youtube.com/ProVaticanus

Crux Hierosolymitana ☩ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Wallace 19" pro bono rei publicae, cf. : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uSGEJfanIc Zelda Main Theme Song - YouTube - License Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) #GodfreyOfBouillon #JerusalemCross #Israel http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Musica Bella Instrumentorum per Festum Nativitatis Domini http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus 1. Hark the Herald Angels Sing 2. I Saw Three Ships 3. Joy to the World 4. O Come All Ye Faithful 5. O Come, O Come, Emmanuel 6. O Holy Night Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de ChilledBoar pro bono rei publicae. #ChristmasMusic #XmasMusic #HappyHolidays http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Dogma de Immaculata Deiparae Virginis Conceptione declaratum est a SS. Pio IX P.M. http://www.zazzle.com/provaticanus/immaculate+gifts http://ProVaticanus.blogspot.com/2010/12/dogma-de-immaculata-deiparae-virginis_06.html "Ineffabilis Deus... ab initio et ante saecula Unigenito Filio suo matrem, ex qua caro factus in beata temporum plenitudine nasceretur, elegit atque ordinavit, tantoque prae creaturis universis est prosecutus amore, ut in illa una sibi propensissima voluntate complacuerit. Qua propter illam longe ante omnes Angelicos Spiritus cunctosque Sanctos caelestium omnium charismatum copia de thesauro divinitatis de prompta ita mirifice cumulavit, ut ipsa ab omni prorsus peccati labe semper libera ac tota pulcra et perfecta eam innocentiae et sanctitatis plenitudinem prae se ferret, qua maior sub Deo nullatenus intelligitur, et quam praeter Deum nemo assequi cogitando potest. Et quidem decebat omnino, ut perfectissimae sanctitatis splendoribus semper ornata fulgeret, ac vel ab ipsa originalis culpae labe plane immunis amplissimum de antiquo serpente triumphum referret tam venerabilis mater, cui Deus Pater unicum Filium suum quem de corde suo aequalem sibi genitum tamquam seipsum diligit, ita dare disposuit, ut naturaliter esset unus idemque communis Dei Patris et Virginis Filius, et quam ipse Filius substantialiter facere sibi matrem elegit, et de qua Spiritus Sanctus voluit et operatus est, ut conciperetur et nasceretur ille, de quo ipse procedit. Christi enim Ecclesia, sedula depositorum apud se dogmatum custos et vindex, nihil in his umquam permutat, nihil minuit, nihil addit, sed omni industria vetera fideliter sapienterque tractando si qua antiquitus informata sunt et Patrum fides sevit, ita limare, expolire studet, ut prisca illa caelestis doctrinae dogmata accipiant evidentiam, lucem, distinctionem, sed retineant plenitudinem, integritatem, proprietatem, ac in suo tantum genere crescant, in eodem scilicet dogmate, eodem sensu eademque sententia. ... Ad honorem sanctae et individuae Trinitatis, ad decus et ornamentum Virginis Deiparae, ad exaltationem fidei catholicae et christianae religionis augmentum, auctoritate Domini nostri Jesu Christi, beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli ac Nostra declaramus, pronuntiamus et definimus, doctrinam. quae tenet, beatissimam Virginem Mariam in primo instanti suae conceptionis fuisse singulari omnipotentis Dei gratia et privilegio, intuitu meritorum Christi Jesu Salvatoris humani generis, ab omni originalis culpae labe praeservatam immunem, esse a Deo revelatam atque idcirco ab omnibus fidelibus firmiter constanterque credendam. Quapropter si qui secus ac a Nobis definitum est, quod Deus avertat praesumpserint corde sentire, ii noverint ac porro sciant, se proprio iudicio condemnatos, naufragium circa fidem passos esse et ab unitate Ecclesiae defecisse, ac praeterea facto ipso suo semet poenis a iure statutis subiicere, si, quod corde sentiunt, verbo aut scripto vel alio quovis externo modo significare ausi fuerint." --Pius IX P.M., Ineffabilis Deus, 8 Dec.1854. #ImmaculateConception #December8 #PiusIX http://www.youtube.com/ProVaticanus

ROMA OPUS EST http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus #SPQR #RomanEmpire #Opus Ago tibi Deo gratias per instrumenta de Eric Prydz pro bono rei publicae ("creative commons") ex operibus Eric Prydz - Opus (Voliik Cover) - (Wandering Music): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHc_5z3b4ik ピャノ - ＰＪＡＮＯＯ - エリック・プリヅズ - Vaporwave Remix (Aron Mikael Music): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjBeddL7Zv0 http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Richardus I: Ja nuns hons pris http://www.zazzle.com/provaticanus/crusade Ja nus hons pris: Original Old French (langue d’oil) I Ja nus hons pris ne dira sa raison Adroitement, se dolantement non; Mais par effort puet il faire chançon. Mout ai amis, mais povre sont li don; Honte i avront se por ma reançon— Sui ça deus yvers pris. II Ce sevent bien mi home et mi baron– Ynglois, Normant, Poitevin et Gascon– Que je n’ai nul si povre compaignon Que je lessaisse por avoir en prison; Je nou di mie por nule retraçon,— Mais encor sui [je] pris. III Or sai je bien de voir certeinnement Que morz ne pris n’a ami ne parent, Quant on me faut por or ne por argent. Mout m’est de moi, mes plus m’est de ma gent, Qu’aprés ma mort avront reprochement— Se longuement sui pris. IV N’est pas mervoille se j’ai le cuer dolant, Quant mes sires met ma terre en torment. S’il li membrast de nostre soirement Quo nos feïsmes andui communement, Je sai de voir que ja trop longuement— Ne seroie ça pris. V Ce sevent bien Angevin et Torain– Cil bacheler qui or sont riche et sain– Qu’encombrez sui loing d’aus en autre main. Forment m’amoient, mais or ne m’ainment grain. De beles armes sont ore vuit li plain,— Por ce que je sui pris VI Mes compaignons que j’amoie et que j’ain– Ces de Cahen et ces de Percherain– Di lor, chançon, qu’il ne sunt pas certain, C’onques vers aus ne oi faus cuer ne vain; S’il me guerroient, il feront que vilain— Tant con je serai pris. VII Contesse suer, vostre pris soverain Vos saut et gart cil a cui je m’en clain— Et por cui je sui pris. VIII Je ne di mie a cele de Chartain,— La mere Loës. Translation by Henry Adams I No prisoner can tell his honest thought Unless he speaks as one who suffers wrong; But for his comfort as he may make a song. My friends are many, but their gifts are naught. Shame will be theirs, if, for my ransom, here— I lie another year. II They know this well, my barons and my men, Normandy, England, Gascony, Poitou, That I had never follower so low Whom I would leave in prison to my gain. I say it not for a reproach to them,— But prisoner I am! III The ancient proverb now I know for sure; Death and a prison know nor kind nor tie, Since for mere lack of gold they let me lie. Much for myself I grieve; for them still more. After my death they will have grievous wrong— If I am a prisoner long. IV What marvel that my heart is sad and sore When my own lord torments my helpless lands! Well do I know that, if he held his hands, Remembering the common oath we swore, I should not here imprisoned with my song,— Remain a prisoner long. V They know this well who now are rich and strong Young gentlemen of Anjou and Touraine, That far from them, on hostile bonds I strain. They loved me much, but have not loved me long. Their plans will see no more fair lists arrayed— While I lie here betrayed. VI Companions whom I love, and still do love, Geoffroi du Perche and Ansel de Caieux, Tell them, my song, that they are friends untrue. Never to them did I false-hearted prove; But they do villainy if they war on me,— While I lie here, unfree. VII Countess sister! Your sovereign fame May he preserve whose help I claim,— Victim for whom am I! VIII I say not this of Chartres’ dame,— Mother of Louis! Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Max Meili pro bono rei publicae. #KingRichard #Lionheart #Francais http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

DEUS VULT per gladium Cruciatae III ex mari Carmeli (~1192 A.D.) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Robert the Monk, who re-wrote the Gesta Francorum ca. 1120, added an account of the speech of Urban II at the Council of Clermont, of which he was an eyewitness. The speech climaxes in Urban's call for orthodoxy, reform, and submission to the Church. Robert records that the pope asked western Christians, poor and rich, to come to the aid of the Greeks/Eastern Romans in the east: When Pope Urban had said these and very many similar things in his urbane discourse, he so influenced to one purpose the desires of all who were present, that they cried out, 'It is the will of God! It is the will of God!' When the venerable Roman pontiff heard that, with eyes uplifted to heaven he gave thanks to God and, with his hand commanding silence, said: Most beloved brethren, today is manifest in you what the Lord says in the Gospel, "Where two or three are gathered together in my name there am I in the midst of them." Unless the Lord God had been present in your spirits, all of you would not have uttered the same cry. For, although the cry issued from numerous mouths, yet the origin of the cry was one. Therefore I say to you that God, who implanted this in your breasts, has drawn it forth from you. Let this then be your war-cry in combats, because this word is given to you by God. When an armed attack is made upon the enemy, let this one cry be raised by all the soldiers of God: It is the will of God! It is the will of God! Cf. Robert the Monk: Historia Hierosolymitana. in [RHC, Occ III.] Dana C. Munro, "Urban and the Crusaders", Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, Vol 1:2, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1895), 5-8. Robert also reports that the cry of Deus lo vult was at first shouted in jest by the soldiers of Bohemond during their combat exercises, and later turned into an actual battle cry, which Bohemond interpreted as a divine sign. #DeusVult #Crusade #CrusaderSword http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

NVMMVS: D N IVLIVS MAIORI - ANVS P F AVG XP • + COMOB (~461 A.D.) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Coronated Augustus of the Ancient WEST ROMAN EMPIRE was Majorian (AD 457-461). AV tremissis (14mm, 1.43 gm, 11h). Pseudo-Imperial issue, style of Arles, attributed to the Visigoths. D N IVLIVS MAIORI - ANVS P F AVG, half-length bust of Majorian right, helmeted and holding spear and shield emblazoned with Chi-Rho / Cross within wreath, COMOB in exergue. LRC 885 (obverse legend separated differently). RIC 3748 (this coin cited). Extremely rare. Graffito X in obverse field behind head, otherwise a pleasing Very Fine.Ex Archer M. Huntington-American Hispanic Society Collection (Sotheby's New York 8 March 2012, part of).The last truly heroic character to occupy the western Roman throne, Flavius Julius Valerius Majorianus was born ca. AD 420 to an aristocratic Roman family. His mother was daughter of the elder Majorianus, who served as Master of Soldiers to Theodosius I (AD 379-395), while his father was a financial officer on the staff of the the generalissimo Flavius Aëtius during the long reign of Valentinian III (AD 430-455). Majorian entered military service at an early age and distinguished himself in battle, as well as cutting a dashing figure at court. Majorian allied himself with the powerful barbarian general Ricimer, master of soldiers under the emperor Avitus, whom they deposed late in October of AD 456. After a six-month "interregnum," Majorian was hailed as emperor by Ricimer and his troops on April 1, AD 457. The East Roman Emperor Leo I agreed to the appointment only reluctantly, for Majorian did not formally accept the title until December at Ravenna. His letter to the Roman Senate setting forth his military and domestic policies is one of the few reliable documents to have survived from this shadowy period. Majorian spent most of the next two years leading military expeditions into Spain and Gaul, regions that had virtually broken away from Roman authority. Defeats were dealt to the Visigoths, Burgundians, and Vandals, the first such Roman victories in decades. He next prepared to launch an invasion of North Africa to eject the Vandals, but before he could embark, the Vandals attacked and captured his fleet at Cartagena late in AD 459. The disaster fatally crippled Majorian's regime. Forced to conclude a humiliating peace treaty, Majorian attempted to return to Italy and resume his campaign of reform and revival. But after dismissing his bodyguard in Gaul, he was intercepted, arrested and executed by his former ally Ricimer, who appointed the docile Libius Severus in his stead. Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae. #Majorian #SPQR #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

NVMMVS: D N IVLIVS MAIORI - ANVS P F AVG XP • + COMOB (~461 A.D.) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Coronated Augustus of the Ancient WEST ROMAN EMPIRE was Majorian (AD 457-461). AV tremissis (14mm, 1.43 gm, 11h). Pseudo-Imperial issue, style of Arles, attributed to the Visigoths. D N IVLIVS MAIORI - ANVS P F AVG, half-length bust of Majorian right, helmeted and holding spear and shield emblazoned with Chi-Rho / Cross within wreath, COMOB in exergue. LRC 885 (obverse legend separated differently). RIC 3748 (this coin cited). Extremely rare. Graffito X in obverse field behind head, otherwise a pleasing Very Fine.Ex Archer M. Huntington-American Hispanic Society Collection (Sotheby's New York 8 March 2012, part of).The last truly heroic character to occupy the western Roman throne, Flavius Julius Valerius Majorianus was born ca. AD 420 to an aristocratic Roman family. His mother was daughter of the elder Majorianus, who served as Master of Soldiers to Theodosius I (AD 379-395), while his father was a financial officer on the staff of the the generalissimo Flavius Aëtius during the long reign of Valentinian III (AD 430-455). Majorian entered military service at an early age and distinguished himself in battle, as well as cutting a dashing figure at court. Majorian allied himself with the powerful barbarian general Ricimer, master of soldiers under the emperor Avitus, whom they deposed late in October of AD 456. After a six-month "interregnum," Majorian was hailed as emperor by Ricimer and his troops on April 1, AD 457. The East Roman Emperor Leo I agreed to the appointment only reluctantly, for Majorian did not formally accept the title until December at Ravenna. His letter to the Roman Senate setting forth his military and domestic policies is one of the few reliable documents to have survived from this shadowy period. Majorian spent most of the next two years leading military expeditions into Spain and Gaul, regions that had virtually broken away from Roman authority. Defeats were dealt to the Visigoths, Burgundians, and Vandals, the first such Roman victories in decades. He next prepared to launch an invasion of North Africa to eject the Vandals, but before he could embark, the Vandals attacked and captured his fleet at Cartagena late in AD 459. The disaster fatally crippled Majorian's regime. Forced to conclude a humiliating peace treaty, Majorian attempted to return to Italy and resume his campaign of reform and revival. But after dismissing his bodyguard in Gaul, he was intercepted, arrested and executed by his former ally Ricimer, who appointed the docile Libius Severus in his stead. Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae. #Majorian #SPQR #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Carmen de Algorismo a Fr. Alexandro de Villa Dei, O.F.M. (c. 1220) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Hinc incipit algorismus. Haec algorismus ars praesens dicitur in qua talibus indorum fruimur bis quinque figuris 0. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. — Friar Alexander de Villa Dei, Carmen de Algorismo, (c. 1220) #Algorithm #Algorismus #ᾰ̓ρῐθμός Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "TheOfficialDJSuperRaveman" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

SACRAMENTVM ET ANTIPHONA ROMANA - QUOD LVX ROMÆ https://www.patreon.com/posts/sacramentvm-et-58440721?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=postshare #Romantic #RomanReigns #Sacramentum #Antiphon #Romania #LatinLanguage #ClassicalMusic #NowPlaying #RomanAnthem

Carmen de Algorismo a Fr. Alexandro de Villa Dei, O.F.M. (c. 1220) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Hinc incipit algorismus. Haec algorismus ars praesens dicitur in qua talibus indorum fruimur bis quinque figuris 0. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. — Friar Alexander de Villa Dei, Carmen de Algorismo, (c. 1220) #Algorithm #Algorismus #ᾰ̓ρῐθμός Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "TheOfficialDJSuperRaveman" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Corpus Domini rite processum est a SS. Pio PP. XI cum thalamo et militia in Vaticano (15 Iun. 1933) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Corpus Christi Procession at St. Peter’s Basilica in the year 1933. The opening title of the video reads, “Corpus Domini (the usual Italian name for Corpus Christi) in Rome. Escorted by the Pontifical Gendarmes and the Palatine Guards, accompanied by 17 Cardinals, His Holiness Pius XI blesses the crowd in St. Peter’s Square from the ‘talamo’ (‘thalamus’ in Latin) of silver and gold.” At 1:21 we see the umbracula of the Patriarchal Basilicas emerging from the church, and one of the tintinnabula, bells which were suspended in a decorative frame and often rung during processions. At 2:17, we first see Pope Pius XI on the ‘talamo’, which is described by the poster at Cantuale Antonianum as “...a portable structure used by the Pope during the Corpus Domini procession. It was made of a base with rings on its side, into which beams (of wood) could be inserted, holding a small platform on which a monstrance and stool were mounted. The Pope could sit on the stool during the long procession, and the great papal mantle was wrapped around the support of the monstrance. The Pope however would always appear to be kneeling before the Holy Sacrament as he was carried in procession in the square.” #CorpusChristi #PiusXI #Militia Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Istituto Luce Cinecitta" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Το Δέντρο της Ζωής και τῶν μακάρων νῆσοι - Lignum Vitae et Insulae Fortunatos http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Liber Proverbiorum 13:12: κρείσσων ἐναρχόμενος βοηθῶν καρδίᾳ τοῦ ἐπαγγελλομένου καὶ εἰς ἐλπίδα ἄγοντος δένδρον γὰρ ζωῆς ἐπιθυμία ἀγαθή Spes quæ differtur affligit animam; lignum vitæ desiderium veniens. Hope deferred, how it crushes a man’s spirits! The granted wish, a tree of life-giving fruit! Strabo. ed. A. Meineke, Geographica. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. καὶ αἱ τῶν μακάρων δὲ νῆσοι πρὸ τῆς Μαυρουσίας εἰσὶ τῆς ἐσχάτης πρὸς δύσιν, καθ᾽ ὃ μέρος συντρέχει καὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας τὸ ταύτῃ πέρας: ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ὀνόματος δῆλον ὅτι καὶ ταύτας ἐνόμιζον εὐδαίμονας διὰ τὸ πλησιάζειν τοιούτοις χωρίοις. The Isles of the Blest* are on the extreme west of Maurusia,** near where its shore runs parallel to the opposite coast of Spain; and it is clear he considered these regions also Blest, from their contiguity to the Islands. *The Isles of the Blest are the same as the Fortunate Isles of other geographers. It is clear from Strabo's description that he alludes to the Canary Islands; but as it is certain that Homer had never heard of these, it is probable that the passages adduced by Strabo have reference to the Elysian Fields of Baïa in Campania. **The Maurusia of the Greeks (the Mauritania of the Latins) is now known as Algiers and Fez in Africa. Brendan of Clonfert (c. AD 484 – c. 577) Brénainn moccu Alti or Brénainn maccu Alti (Irish: Naomh Bréanainn or Naomh Breandán; Latin: Brendanus; Icelandic: (heilagur) Brandanus), also referred to as "Brendán moccu Altae" (Brendan of the Fosterling Folk), called "the Navigator", "the Voyager", "the Anchorite", and "the Bold", is one of the early Irish monastic saints and one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. He is primarily renowned for his legendary quest to the "Isle of the Blessed", also denominated "Saint Brendan's Island". The Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis ("Voyage of Saint Brendan the Abbot") can be described as an immram, i. e., Irish navigational narrative. #TreeOfLife #StBrendan #LetsGoBrandon Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de nahreemusic pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Liber Apocalypsis 21:5: ἰδοὺ καινὰ ποιῶ πάντα - Ecce nova facio omnia. Behold, I make all things new. http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus #Jesus #Apocalypse #TheGreatReset Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Ricardo Strauss ex opere "Also Sprach Zarathustra | 2001 : Space Odyssey" (MR Gold) pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

DOMINUS CONSERVATOR ECCLESIAE PUDENTIANAE http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Jn 13: 14 ANTIPHONA 5 SI ego Dominus, et Magister vester lavi vobis pedes: quanto magis debetis alter alterius lavare pedes? Ps. 48: 2. Audite hæc, omnes gentes: auribus percipite qui habitatis orbem. Si ego... If I your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, how much more ought you to wash one another's feet? Ps. Hear these things, all ye nations: give ear, ye that inhabit the world. If I... Circa 390 A.D. Mosaic Apse, Basilica of St. Pudentiana, Rome Female figures place crowns on the heads of St. Paul (on the left) and St. Peter (on the right). The figures are often taken to be St. Pudentiana and St. Praxedes, but historians consider it more likely that they represent the Gentiles and the Jews respectively. The codex in Christ's left hand reads DOMINUS CONSERVATOR ECCLESIAE PUDENTIANAE, which can mean either "God is the preserver of Pudentiana's church" or "God is the preserver of the Pudentian [i.e. of St. Pudens] church." The lower right corner of the mosaic is a restoration from 1588; otherwise, this is the oldest church mosaic in existence. It is also one of the earliest images in which Christ is represented as a human figure rather than a symbol. (Directly above this naturalistic image, he is represented symbolically by the Cross.) It also includes one of the oldest examples of the use of the angel, ox, lion, and eagle to represent the evangelists, a concept taken from early Christian commentary on Revelation 4:6-8. The creatures are, left to right, St. Matthew as the creature "having the face, as it were, of a man," St. Mark as a lion, St. Luke as an ox, and St. John as an eagle. PUDENS, PUDENTIANA, AND PRAXEDES, SS. Early Christian saints and titular churches. The earliest source in which the name Pudentiana appears is an inscription of 384, Leopardus lector de Pudentiana (G. de Rossi, Inscript. Christ. 1:384). This refers to a titulus, i.e., a place of cult and not a saint, because in the fourth century it was not the custom to dedicate a church directly to a saint. Pudentiana is an adjective, and in the present church the old inscription reads: Dominus conservator ecclesiae Pudentianae, meaning that the founder was a certain Pudens. Sometime in the sixth century the titulus Pudentis was reevaluated and Pudens was canonized. Misreading the adjective Pudentianae as a person created "St." Pudentiana. In the seventh century there appeared a legendary Gesta Pudentianae et Praxedis that states that Praxedes, after the death of her sister Pudentiana, "who was buried on May 19 beside her father Pudens in the cemetery of Priscilla, with the consent of Pope St. Pius I, dedicated the Baths of Novatus as a church, under the name of the Bl. Virgin Pudentiana, in the vicus patricius "—the patrician suburb. Prior to this, the same Gesta narrates that Pudens had constructed a church over the same house. The author of the Gesta thus identified the titulus Pudentis with the titulus Pudentianae, and since there was only one church on the site, he concluded that it referred to a Sancta Pudentiana, who could only be a real person, a virgin, saint, and martyr. Ago Deo gratias per instrumenta ex archive.org pro bono rei publicae, confer: https://archive.org/details/lp_gregorianische-gesnge-aus-assisi-gregoria_coro-cappella-papale-di-san-francesco-dass #Jesus #Teacher #Rome http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

SS. Leo PP. XIII vixit per Lumen in Caelo atque Vaticano magno cum colore et gaudio (4K=4096×2160) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Leo PP. XIII (2 Martii 1810 Carpineti nomine Vincentii Ioachimi Raphaelis Aloisii, comes Pecci; die 20 Iulii 1903 anno aetatis suae 93 Romae obdormivit). Die 20 Februarii 1878 papa Ecclesiae Catholicae electus est, et viginti quinque annos sedem occupavit. Sententia eius pontificatus est Lumen in coelo. Vincentius Ioachimus Raphael Aloisius, Lodovici Pecci ac Annae Prosperi Buzzi filius, ex familia comitum Pecci nobilium rusticorum procedens, tres maiores fratres (Carolum, Ioannem Baptistam, Iosephum) ac duas sorores habuit. Theologiae in collegio Iesuitarum urbis Viterbii studuit; postea etiam in Collegio Romano ac Academia nobilum ecclesiasticorum (Italiane: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici). Die 25 Ianuarii 1837, sacerdos ordinatus est, et in variis officiis Romanae curiae detinuit. Die 27 Ianuarii 1843, Papa Gregorius XVI eum nominavit archiepiscopum titularem Tamiatensem et nuntium apostolicum apud regem Belgarum. Die 19 Ianuarii 1846, translatus est ad sedem archiepiscopalem Perusinam, et 19 Decembris 1853 a Pio IX ad cardinalium purpurem evectus est. A puero, Vincentius Ioachimus studiis Latinis se dabat et usque ad mortem multa carmina Latina scripsit. SS. Pio IX defuncto, Pecci 20 Februarii 1878 papa electus est et sibi nomen pontificale Leonis imposuit ad honorem Papae Leonis XII quem admiravit in iuventute. Multiplices "difficultates" cum principibus aliisque potentatibus ex pontificatu praedecessoris sui exortae, Leo XIII diligenter ecclasiam illo saeculo ducere petivit. Res novae sicut Modernismum non amavit, sed encyclicam Rerum Novarum "de conditione opificum" et miseriis laborantium scripsit, quae adhuc hodie manet inter praeclarissimas historiae ecclesiae encyclicas. #LeoXIII #Pontifex #4KVideo http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

ΝΟΥ͂ΜΜΟΣ: KWNCTANTINOC ΔΕCΠΟΤΗC Ο ΠΑΛΕΟΛΟΓ - ΘV ΧΑΡΙΤΗ ΒΑCΙΛΕΩC ΡΟΜΕΟΝ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Constantine XI Palaeologus AR Stavraton. Constantinople, Siege of Constantinople, AD 1453. Bust of Christ facing, wearing nimbus cruciger and holding book of Gospels, IC and B to left and right / KWNCTANTINOC ΔΕCΠΟΤΗC Ο ΠΑΛΕΟΛΟΓ in the outer circle, ΘV ΧΑΡΙΤΗ ΒΑCΙΛΕΩC ΡΟΜΕΟΝ in the inner circle, crowned bust of Constantine facing, wearing maniakon. Bendall, Revue Numismatique 1991, 'The Coinage of Constantine XI', pp. 135-142, pl. XV, 93 (this coin). 6.78g, 23mm, 12h. Good Extremely Fine; attractive cabinet tone. Extremely Rare and of great historical importance. This coin published in S. Bendall, The Coinage of Constantine XI, in Revue Numismatique (Paris, 1991); From the Long Valley River Collection; Privately purchased from Harlan J. Berk Ltd., 16 July 1990; From the Constantine XI Hoard, buried in 1453 just before or after the fall of Constantinople, reportedly unearthed in or near Istanbul, c. 1989. The reign of Constantine XI is primarily remembered for marking the end of the so-called 'Byzantine' Empire, the remainder of the Eastern Roman Empire that had stood for a thousand years after the fall of Rome and the West. Constantine XI succeeded his brother John VIII Palaiologos on 6 January 1449, and had reigned for only two years when the Ottoman Sultan Murad II died, being followed by his zealous nineteen year old son Mehmed II, who was obsessed with the conquest of Constantinople. A diplomatic miscalculation on the part of Constantine was seized upon by Mehmed as a convenient casus belli, and preparations for war commenced. In the winter of 1451/2 Mehmed cut off Constantinople from the Black sea by establishing a fortification on the European side of the Bosporus which together with the existing fort on the Asian side, gave the Turks complete control of the strait. Specifically, it prevented help from Genoese colonies on the Black Sea coast from reaching Constantinople. Realising that a siege was imminent, Constantine prepared his defence of the city. Despite appealing to the Pope and Western princes for aid in the defence of the city, little help came. France and England were weakened by the Hundred Years War, Spain was in the final stages of the Reconquista, the German states were wracked by infighting and Hungary and Poland had suffered a crushing defeat at Varna which they had not recovered from. In the end only a few soldiers from the northern Italian city states arrived, together with some adventurers and independent companies. Any hope of help from Constantine's brothers in Morea was dashed by an Ottoman invasion of the peninsula intended to pin down their troops. In the winter of 1452 Mehmed arrived with his army at Constantinople, and the siege of the city began. Greatly depopulated over the years, Constantinople was now a city of just 50,000 inhabitants, with an army of only 7,000 to defend them. Arrayed against Constantine was a force at least ten times larger than his, with state of the art artillery provided by the gunsmith Orban. After a siege of fifty-three days and determined fighting, the city fell. When all hope had faded, according to Michael Critobulus (writing later in Mehmed's service) Constantine tore off his imperial regalia so as to let nothing distinguish him from any other soldier and led his remaining men in a last charge, perishing in the fighting. Struck during the siege of Constantinople, the present coin is illustrative of how far the empire had fallen. Its fabric is crude, struck on recycled silver from church altar vessels (attested to by contemporary and eyewitness reports, including those of Leonard, Archbishop of Chios and Nicolo Barbaro) in order to pay the soldiers, ditch diggers and builders engaged in the defence of the city, and the quality of the artistry no better than the worst barbaric imitative issues of the migration period, yet the historical importance of these extremely rare coins cannot be overstated. 29 May 1453 is often cited as end of the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era, and the start of the early-modern period. The siege coinage of Constantine XI can thus rightly considered to be the last 'ancient' coins. #ConstantineXI #RomanEmpire #SPQR Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Fides et Vexillum XP+SPQR https://www.zazzle.com/ProVaticanus In Christogramma habemus potentiam reunificationis, sic dicitur + : ἐν τούτῳ νίκα = In Hoc Signo Vinces Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara. #Fides #XP #SPQR http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

SS. Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani Terminus et Canon de Fide et Ratione contra Modernismum http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus SS. Oecumenicum Concilium Vaticanum (1869-70) sub SS. Pio PP. IX sollemnitur decrevit pro natura vera dogmatis esse Divinitatis contra evolutionem haereticalem Modernismi: Neque enim fidei doctrina, quam Deus revelavit, velut philosophicum inventum proposita est humanis ingeniis perficienda, sed tamquam divinum depositum Christi Sponsae tradita, fideliter custodienda et infallibiliter declaranda. Hinc sacrorum quoque dogmatum is sensus perpetuo est retinendus, quem semel declaravit Sancta Mater Ecclesia, nec umquam ab eo sensu, altior intelligentiae specie et nomine, recedendum. Crescat igitur et multum vehementerque proficiat, tam singulorum, quam omnium, tam unius hominis, quam totius Ecclesiae, aetatum ac saeculorum gradibus, intelligentia, scientia, sapientia; sed in suo dumtaxat genere, in eodem scilicet dogmate, eodem sensu, eademque sententia (Vine. Lir. Common, n. 28)... Si quis dixerit, fieri posse, ut dogmatibus ab Ecclesia propositis, aliquando secundum progressum scientiae sensus tribuendus sit alius ab eo, quem intellexit et intelligit Ecclesia; anathema sit. Itaque supremi pastoralis Nostri officii debitum exsequentes, omnes Christi fideles, maxime vero eos, qui praesunt vel docendi munere funguntur, per viscera Iesu Christi obtestamur, nec non eiusdem Dei et Salvatoris nostri auctoritate iubemus, ut ad hos errores a Sancta Ecclesia arcendos et eliminandos, atque purissimae fidei lucem pandendam studium et operam conferant. Quoniam vero satis non est, haereticam pravitatem devitare, nisi ii quoque errores diligenter fugiantur, qui ad illam plus minusve accedunt; omnes officii monemus, servandi etiam Constitutiones et Decreta, quibus pravae eiusmodi opiniones, quae istic diserte non enumerantur, ab hac Sancta Sede proscriptae et prohibitae sunt. Fontes: SS. Pii PP. IX. Const. Apost. "Dei Filius," Sess. III, 24 Apr. 1870, Cap. IV - De Fide et Ratione, Canones IV. De Fide et Ratione, Can. 3, vide Denzinger, n. 1800, 1818; Acta Sanctae Sedis, vol. V (1869-1870), pp. 481- 493. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de @No Copyright - Audio Library pro bono Rei Publicae. #PiusIX #VaticanCouncil #Magisterium http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Supra Basilica Sancti Petri in Vaticano http://www.zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Status Civitatis Vaticanae, aut Civitas Vaticana (Italice: Città del Vaticano) est minima Europae mundique civitas, et Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae sedes, intra moenia urbis Romae (et ita enclave in Italia), scilicet in Monte Vaticano, ad dexteram fluminis Tiberis ripam, sita. Caput est episcopus urbis Romae, Pontifex Maximus Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae. Forum Sancto Petro dicatum est Civitatis Vaticanae cor, e quo Basilica Sancti Petri magna cum cupula exsurgit. Inscriptiones Basilicae Sancti Petri: IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST[olorum] PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT[ifex] MAX[imus] An[no] MDCXII PONT[ificatu] VII TV ES PETRVS ET SVPER HANC PETRAM AEDIFICABO ECCLESIAM MEAM ET TIBI DABO CLAVES REGNI CAELORVM Lingua plerumque adhibita in Civitate Vaticana est lingua Italica; praeterea, lingua Latina est lingua Catholicae religionis. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Infraction" pro bono Rei Publicae. #StPetersBasilica #Vatican #Vaticano http://www.youtube.com/ProVaticanus

Unus Non Sufficit Orbis http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus https://www.zazzle.com/unus_non_sufficit_orbis_s_franciscus_xaverius_sj_t_shirt-235303717289016302 Unus Non Sufficit Orbis = One World Is Not Enough. http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus