ProVaticanus

PARVA ATRA AETAS ROMAM POST ACTVS IVSTIANIANI BELISARIIQVE PER IMPERIVM ROMANVM (526-565 A.D.) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Flavius Belisarius (Greek: Βελισάριος, c. 500 – 565 AD) was a general of the Roman Empire. He was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously. One of the defining features of Belisarius' career was his success despite varying levels of support from Justinian. His name is frequently given as one of the so-called "Last of the Romans". Belisarius was an excellent general and overall one of the best of all time. As the Magister Militum Per Orientem of the Roman army under the reign of Justinian, he was responsible for much of the territory gained under Justinian’s rule. Belisarius was a phenomenal general and one of the best that the Roman Empire has ever produced. Hence why he is often called “the last Roman”. As one of the last important figures in the Roman military tradition, he led imperial armies against the Sāsānian empire (Persia), the Vandal kingdom of North Africa, the Ostrogothic regime of Italy, and the barbarian tribes encroaching upon Constantinople bringing forth Roman Victory. PARVA ATRA AETAS: In atro spiranti, semisupino accubanti, Clades diei mihi cicatrices videntur. Et… Quo magis ego conor, eo minus cedit res, Sensus putrefiunt, dum vita transit. Oh oh, Ignosce quod talis es, quod quaedam consequi vis. Scias id non abire, quamvis te occultes. Cum e lecto surgis, noli ita stupere ob singula saxa in scaena, mea parva atra aetas. Chartas lusorias seligo, praesentiens quod prope est, Incisiones in facie dicunt id sibi difficile. Et… Motores deficiunt denuo. Simulatio habet fines. Animus non ídem est ex abnegatione ortus. Oh oh, eo nunc semper maereo, musica male sonat. Scio id non abire, quamvis me occultem. Si e lecto surgis, et me adstantem Invenis, apertis oculis, pagellam combure, mea parva atra aetas. Eo nunc semper maereo, musica male sonat. Scis id non abire, quamvis te occultes. Si forte e lecto surgo, stupentem et solum In proscaenio me invenies, mea parva atra aetas. Delectatione nauseatus, praevideo quod veniet. Imago mortuorum, in mente mea manet. Custodes ad Deum iurant, manuballistas amorem dare. Sed scio amicos et me terga daturos certe. Si e lecto surgis, inveni nos in via ad pontem. Saxum et iram fer, mea parva atra aetas. Eo nunc semper maereo, musica male sonat. Scio id non abire, quamvis me occultem. Si e lecto surgis, et me adstantem Invenis, apertis oculis, pagellam combure, mea parva atra aetas. parva atra aetas, parva atra aetas parva atra aetas, parva atra aetas parva atra aetas, parva atra aetas …adstantem, apertis oculis, pagellam combure, mea parva atra aetas. Breathing in the dark, lying on its side The ruins of the day painted with a scar And the more I straighten out, the less it wants to try The feelings start to rot, one wink at a time Oh oh, forgiving who you are, for what you stand to gain Just know that if you hide, it doesn't go away When you get out of bed, don't end up stranded Horrified with each stone on the stage, my little dark age Picking through the cards, knowing what's nearby The carvings on the face say they find it hard And the engine's failed again, all limits of disguise The humor's not the same, coming from denial Oh oh, I grieve in stereo, the stereo sounds strange I know that if you hide, it doesn't go away If you get out of bed and find me standing all alone Open-eyed, burn the page, my little dark age I grieve in stereo, the stereo sounds strange You know that if it hides, it doesn't go away If I get out of bed, you'll see me standing all alone Horrified on the stage, my little dark age Giddy with delight, seeing what's to come The image of the dead, dead ends in my mind Policemen swear to God, love seeping from their guns I know my friends and I would probably turn and run If you get out of bed, come find us heading for the bridge Bring a stone, all the rage, my little dark age I grieve in stereo, the stereo sounds strange I know that if you hide, it doesn't go away If you get out of bed and find me standing all alone Open-eyed, burn the page, my little dark age (Little dark age, little dark age) (Little dark age, little dark age) (Little dark age, little dark age) All alone, open-eyed, burn the page, my little dark age Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "the_miracle_aligner," "Timothy Mark! the halfwit," "MusicOcean", et al pro bono rei publicae. #RomanEmpire #Belisarius #Justinian http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Sequor Flumina... Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus +A.M.D.G. J.S. Elcano -Primus circumdedisti me- per orbem et annulum Hadriani VI (10 Aug. 1519 - 6 Sept. 1522) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8r8hgjFVnA #Xavier #Magellan #Elcano http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus

Ὁ ΚΌΣΜΟΣ - UNIVERSUM http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Latinized form of Greek kosmos "order, good order, orderly arrangement," #UNIVERSE is a word with several main senses rooted in those notions: The verb kosmein meant generally "to dispose, prepare," esp. "to order and arrange (troops for battle), to set (an army) in array;" also "to establish (a government or regime);" "to deck, adorn, equip, dress". Thus kosmos had an important secondary sense of "ornaments of a woman's dress, decoration" (compare kosmokomes "dressing the hair," and cosmetic) as well as "the universe, the world." Pythagoras is said to have been the first to apply this word to "the universe," perhaps originally meaning "the starry firmament," but it later was extended to the whole physical world, including earth. Of "the world of people," the classical phrase was he oikoumene (ge) "the inhabited (earth)." Septuagint uses both kosmos & oikoumene. Kosmos was in Christian writ with a sense of "worldly life, this world (as opposed to the afterlife)," but the more frequent word for this was aiōn, literally "lifetime, age." The word cosmos often suggested especially "the universe as an embodiment of order and harmony." APOC.1:4-8: 4 Ἰωάννης ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησίαις ταῖς ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ: χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἑπτὰ πνευμάτων ἃ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ, 5 καὶ ἀπὸ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός, ὁ πρωτότοκος τῶν νεκρῶν καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν βασιλέων τῆς γῆς. τῷ ἀγαπῶντι ἡμᾶς καὶ λύσαντι ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ, 6 καὶ ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς βασιλείαν, ἱερεῖς τῷ θεῷ καὶ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ, αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων: ἀμήν. 7 Ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται μετὰ τῶν νεφελῶν, καὶ ὄψεται αὐτὸν πᾶς ὀφθαλμὸς καὶ οἵτινες αὐτὸν ἐξεκέντησαν, καὶ κόψονται ἐπ' αὐτὸν πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς. ναί, ἀμήν. 8 ἐγώ εἰμι τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ, λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός, ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, ὁ παντοκράτωρ. 9 Ἐγὼ Ἰωάννης, ὁ ἀδελφὸς ὑμῶν καὶ συγκοινωνὸς ἐν τῇ θλίψει καὶ βασιλείᾳ καὶ ὑπομονῇ ἐν Ἰησοῦ, ἐγενόμην ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τῇ καλουμένῃ Πάτμῳ διὰ τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰησοῦ. 10 ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι ἐν τῇ κυριακῇ ἡμέρᾳ, καὶ ἤκουσα ὀπίσω μου φωνὴν μεγάλην ὡς σάλπιγγος 11 λεγούσης, ὃ βλέπεις γράψον εἰς βιβλίον καὶ πέμψον ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησίαις, εἰς Ἔφεσον καὶ εἰς Σμύρναν καὶ εἰς Πέργαμον καὶ εἰς Θυάτειρα καὶ εἰς Σάρδεις καὶ εἰς Φιλαδέλφειαν καὶ εἰς Λαοδίκειαν. 4 Joannes septem ecclesiis, quæ sunt in Asia. Gratia vobis, et pax ab eo, qui est, et qui erat, et qui venturus est: et a septem spiritibus qui in conspectu throni ejus sunt: 5 et a Jesu Christo, qui est testis fidelis, primogenitus mortuorum, et princeps regum terræ, qui dilexit nos, et lavit nos a peccatis nostris in sanguine suo, 6 et fecit nos regnum, et sacerdotes Deo et Patri suo: ipsi gloria et imperium in sæcula sæculorum. Amen. 7 Ecce venit cum nubibus, et videbit eum omnis oculus, et qui eum pupugerunt. Et plangent se super eum omnes tribus terræ. Etiam: amen. 8 Ego sum alpha et omega, principium et finis, dicit Dominus Deus: qui est, et qui erat, et qui venturus est, omnipotens. 9 Ego Joannes frater vester, et particeps in tribulatione, et regno, et patientia in Christo Jesu: fui in insula, quæ appellatur Patmos, propter verbum Dei, et testimonium Jesu: 10 fui in spiritu in dominica die, et audivi post me vocem magnam tamquam tubæ, 11 dicentis: Quod vides, scribe in libro: et mitte septem ecclesiis, quæ sunt in Asia, Epheso, et Smyrnæ, et Pergamo, et Thyatiræ, et Sardis, et Philadelphiæ, et Laodiciæ. [4] John to the seven churches which are in Asia. Grace be unto you and peace from him that is, and that was, and that is to come, and from the seven spirits which are before his throne, [5] And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth, who hath loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood, [6] And hath made us a kingdom, and priests to God and his Father, to him be glory and empire for ever and ever. Amen. [7] Behold, he cometh with the clouds, and every eye shall see him, and they also that pierced him. And all the tribes of the earth shall bewail themselves because of him. Even so. Amen. [8] I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, saith the Lord God, who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty. [9] I John, your brother and your partner in tribulation, and in the kingdom, and patience in Christ Jesus, was in the island, which is called Patmos, for the word of God, and for the testimony of Jesus. [10] I was in the spirit on the Lord's day, and heard behind me a great voice, as of a trumpet, [11] Saying: What thou seest, write in a book, and send to the seven churches which are in Asia, to Ephesus, and to Smyrna, and to Pergamus, and to Thyatira, and to Sardis, and to Philadelphia, and to Laodicea. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "1hr Everything" et Tevvez pro bono rei publicae. #Apocalypse #Katholikos http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

S. IOANNES APOSTOLVS ANTE PORTAM LATINAM IN FLAMMIS ILLÆSVS (95. A.D.) NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705796323842195457/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Torture of St John the Evangelist 1487-1502 Fresco Strozzi Chapel, Santa Maria Novella, Florence The Torture of St John the Evangelist is in the lunette above the scene of St John the Evangelist Resuscitating Drusiana on the left wall of the chapel. The torture of John the Evangelist takes place in a splendidly decorated courtyard. On orders from Emperor Domitian he was placed in a cauldron of boiling oil near the Porta Latina, but emerged unharmed. One of the soldiers is poking the fire so strenuously that another, in the group on the right, about to throw more wood on it, has to protect his face with his hand, and a third screens himself with his shield. At this moment the emperor has risen from his seat and extended his arm, bringing a stop to the torture. Maii 6. S. JOANNIS APOSTOLI ANTE PORTAM LATINAM. AD PRIMAS ET SECUNDAS VESPERAS. Urbem Romuleam quis furor incitat? Christi discipulus Caesare judice Damnatus rapitur: nil venerabilis Frontis canities movet. In fervens olei conjicitur mare: Nil aestus nocuit, flamma sed hospiti Parcit blanda suo; ceu pugil ungitur, Hinc et fortior exilit. [120] Edicto steriles pulsus in insulas Exul tunc socio perfruitur Deo: Hic ventura videt, quae calamo notans Sublustri nebula tegit. Sic nos Christus amet, sic doceat pati; Discamusque mori, simus ut et necis Sacrae participes: non aliis patet Coelum conditionibus. Patri maxima laus, maxima Filio, Amborumque sacro maxima Flamini: Haec est certa fides, fontibus e tuis Quam divinitus hausimus. AD LAUDES. Jussu tyranni pro fide Pulsus, Joannes, exulas: Fertur volatu libero Mens celsa supra sidera. Illic revelat se tibi Qui mortuus vivit Deus, Agnus salutis hostia, Et morte devicta leo. Arcana te vatem docet Regni sui mysteria: Pandit cruore Martyrum Ubique spargendam fidem. [121] Da, Christe, nos tecum mori; Tecum simul da surgere; Terrena da contemnere; Amare da coelestia. Sit laus Patri; laus Filio, Qui nos, triumphata nece, Ad astra secum dux vocat: Compar tibi laus, Spiritus. In the year 95, Saint John the Evangelist, the only surviving Apostle, who was governing all the churches of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), was apprehended at Ephesus and sent in chains to Rome. The Emperor Domitian did not relent at the sight of the venerable old man, but condemned him to be cast into a cauldron of boiling oil. The martyr doubtless heard, with great joy, this barbarous sentence; the most cruel torments seemed to him light and agreeable because he hoped they would unite him forever to his divine Master and Saviour. But God accepted his will and crowned his desire; He conferred on him the honor and merit of martyrdom while suspending the operation of the fire, just as He had formerly preserved the three children from injury in the Babylonian furnace. The seething oil was changed for him into an invigorating bath, and the Saint came out more refreshed than when he had entered the cauldron. The glorious triumph of Saint John happened just beyond the gate of Rome called the Latina. A church which ever since has borne this title was consecrated there, in memory of the miracle. Domitian saw this miracle without deriving the least advantage from it, remaining hardened in his iniquity. Nonetheless, he contented himself afterwards with banishing the holy Apostle to the little island of Patmos. Saint John returned to Ephesus during the mild reign of Nerva (96-98), who during his short imperial government lasting one year and four months, merely labored to restore the faded luster of the Roman Empire. Reflection. Saint John suffered above the other Saints a martyrdom of love, being a martyr and more than a martyr, at the foot of the cross of his divine Master. All Our Lord's sufferings were by love and compassion imprinted in his soul, and thus shared by him. O singular happiness, to have stood under the cross of Christ! O extraordinary privilege, to have suffered martyrdom beside Jesus, and been eye-witness of all He did or endured! If nature revolts within us against suffering, let us call to mind those words of the divine Master to Saint Peter: Now thou knowest not why, but thou shalt know hereafter. (John 13:7) Little Pictorial Lives of the Saints, a compilation based on Butler's Lives of the Saints and other sources by John Gilmary Shea (Benziger Brothers: New York, 1894) #StJohn #LatinGate #Phoenix Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Epic Music VN" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#ProjectUkraine: MARCA CLEMENTINA http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Pope Clement VIII (Latin: Clemens VIII; Italian: Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death. Born in Fano, Italy to a prominent Florentine family, he initially came to prominence as a canon lawyer before being made a Cardinal-Priest in 1585. In 1592 he was elected Pope and took the name of Clement. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire in the so-called Long War. He also successfully adjudicated in a bitter dispute between the Dominicans and the Jesuits on the issue of efficacious grace and free will. In 1600 he presided over a jubilee which saw many pilgrimages to Rome. He presided over the trial and execution of Giordano Bruno and implementing strict measures against Jewish residents of the Papal States. He may have been the first pope to drink coffee. Clement VIII died at the age of 69 in 1605 and his remains now rest in the Rome city church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The Synod of Brest was held 1595 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, by which a great part of the Ruthenian clergy and people were reunited to Rome. #ClementVIII #UnionOfBrest #Ruthenia #Ukraine #UkranianFlag #Ucrania #RussiaUkraine #History #Vatican #Reunification #CatholicChurch #GreekCatholic #Orthodoxy #Poland #Lithuania #HolyLeague #Christianity #Orthodox #Catholicism #OrthodoxCatholic #Filioque #Primacy #Easter #Europe #EasternEurope #BlueAndYellow #UkranianColors #music #UkrainiAnanthem #music #Reunion #PapalArms #Marca #Clementine #Commonwealth #Poland #Lithuania #Christians Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de EasyPiano.cz pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

XP+SPQR STATVS EXCESSV Δ PER IMPERIVM ROMANVM ϗ ΒΒ+ΒΒ PLVSQVE VLTRAQVE NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705793025307312129/ https://www.zazzle.com/ProVaticanus In Christogramma habemus potentiam reunificationis, sic dicitur + : ἐν τούτῳ νίκα = In Hoc Signo Vinces Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Gaia-X pro bono rei publicae. #RomanEmpire #SPQR #Byzantine http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Hymnus Carmelitanus Salve Mater Misericordiæ in honore B.M.V. NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705794124818939905/ https://www.zazzle.com/icon_ss_reginae_carmeli_wood_poster-256846332077022890 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus * (Refrain) Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! 1 Sálve, décus humáni géneris, Sálve Vírgo dígnior céteris, Quæ vírgines ómnes transgréderis, et áltius sédes in súperis, O María! * Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! 2 Sálve félix Vírgo puérpera: Nam qui sédet in Pátris déxtera, Caélum régens, térram et aéthera, Intrá túa se cláusit víscera, O María! * Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! 3 Te creávit Páter ingénitus, Adamávit te Unigénitus, Fecundávit te sánctus Spíritus, Tu és fácta tóta divínitus, O María! * Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! 4 Te creávit Déus mirábilem, Te respéxit ancíllam húmilem, Te quæsívit spónsam amábilem, Tíbi múmquam fécit consímilem, O María! * Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! 5 Te beátam laudáre cúpiunt Omnes jústi, sed non suffíciunt; Múltas láudes de te concípiunt, Sed in íllis prórsus defíciunt, O Mária! * Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! 6 Esto, Máter, nóstrum solátium; Nóstrum ésto, tu Vírgo, gáudium; Et nos tándem post hoc exsílium, Laétos júnge chóris cæléstium, O Mária! * Salve máter misericórdiæ, Máter Déi, et máter véniæ, Máter spéi, et máter grátiæ, máter pléna sanctæ lætítiæ. O María! #BVM #SalveMater #Carmelite http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

NVMMVS: • CLEMENS • VIII • PONT • MAX • A • V • - • RVTHENIS • RECEPTIS • (1596 A.D.) NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705790826284056577 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Numismatic Papal Medal for Reunification with the Ruthenian Church in the 5th Year of Clement VIII's Pontificate (Mo964) Pope Clement VIII (Latin: Clemens VIII; Italian: Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death. Born in Fano, Italy to a prominent Florentine family, he initially came to prominence as a canon lawyer before being made a Cardinal-Priest in 1585. In 1592 he was elected Pope and took the name of Clement. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire in the so-called Long War. He also successfully adjudicated in a bitter dispute between the Dominicans and the Jesuits on the issue of efficacious grace and free will. In 1600 he presided over a jubilee which saw many pilgrimages to Rome. He presided over the trial and execution of Giordano Bruno and implementing strict measures against Jewish residents of the Papal States. He may have been the first pope to drink coffee. Clement VIII died at the age of 69 in 1605 and his remains now rest in the Rome city church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The Synod of Brest was held 1595 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, by which a great part of the Ruthenian clergy and people were reunited to Rome. Obverse: • CLEMENS • VIII • PONT • MAX • A • V • Reverse: RVTHENIS • RECEPTIS • Original minted medal, issued in 1596 to commemorate the reunification of the Church of the Ruthenians to that of Rome. Immediately after the first mintings, the minting of the previous Mo963 broke. For this reason their reconstruction was necessary. This medal differs from the previous one in having, at the V, the bottom altar surmounted by a pediment. #UkraineProject #UnionOfBrest #Ruthenia http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

PAX TIBI MARCE EVANGELISTA MEVS. NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705791925795684353/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Venetian tradition states that when St. Mark was traveling through Europe, he arrived at a lagoon in Venice, whereby an angel appeared to him and said, "Pax tibi Marce, evangelista meus. Hic requiescet corpus tuum." ("Peace be with thee, O Mark, my evangelist. Here thy body will rest."). #SanMarco #LionOfVenice #Doge http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#ProjectUkraine: ΈΝΩΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΜΠΡΕΣΤ - RVTHENIS • RECEPTIS NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705790826284056577 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Numismatic Papal Medal for Reunification with the Ruthenian Church in the 5th Year of Clement VIII's Pontificate (Mo964) Pope Clement VIII (Latin: Clemens VIII; Italian: Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death. Born in Fano, Italy to a prominent Florentine family, he initially came to prominence as a canon lawyer before being made a Cardinal-Priest in 1585. In 1592 he was elected Pope and took the name of Clement. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire in the so-called Long War. He also successfully adjudicated in a bitter dispute between the Dominicans and the Jesuits on the issue of efficacious grace and free will. In 1600 he presided over a jubilee which saw many pilgrimages to Rome. He presided over the trial and execution of Giordano Bruno and implementing strict measures against Jewish residents of the Papal States. He may have been the first pope to drink coffee. Clement VIII died at the age of 69 in 1605 and his remains now rest in the Rome city church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The Synod of Brest was held 1595 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, by which a great part of the Ruthenian clergy and people were reunited to Rome. [ Obverse: • CLEMENS • VIII • PONT • MAX • A • V • ] Reverse: RVTHENIS • RECEPTIS • Original minted medal, issued in 1596 to commemorate the reunification of the Church of the Ruthenians to that of Rome. Immediately after the first mintings, the minting of the previous Mo963 broke. For this reason their reconstruction was necessary. This medal differs from the previous one in having, at the V, the bottom altar surmounted by a pediment. #UkraineProject #UnionOfBrest #Ruthenia Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Η Ορθοδοξία τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐλπῐ́ζειν τῷ #XP διά την σύναξη Φλωρεντίας οικουμενική NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705788627260801025/ https://www.patreon.com/posts/e-orthodoxia-ton-65365937?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=postshare #NFTs #Ethereum #BTC #RomanReigns #RussiaUkraineWar #Easter #Orthodoxy #Christians #Orthodox #CatholicTwitter #Byz #RomanCatholic #cryptocurrency #NFTdrop #Russia #Ukraine

Hymnus Paschale «O Filii et Filiae» a Joanne Tisserand, O.F.M. (+1494 A.D.) #HeIsALive #Easter #ChristIsRisen NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705785328725917697/ https://www.zazzle.com/resurrection_mantegna_tours_poster-228523592709918791 This hymn was written by Jean Tisserand, O.F.M. (d. 1494) and originally had only nine stanzas. Stanzas "Discipulis adstantibus", "Ut intellexit Didymus", "Beati qui non viderunt" are early additions to the hymn. There are several different versions of the hymn. The one below is one of the more common versions. Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia. Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia. O filii et filiae, Rex caelestis, Rex gloriae morte surrexit hodie. R. Alleluia Ye sons and daughters of the Lord, the King of glory, King adored, this day Himself from death restored. R. Alleluia Ex mane prima Sabbati ad ostium monumenti accesserunt discipuli. R. Alleluia All in the early morning gray went holy women on their way, to see the tomb where Jesus lay. R. Alleluia Et Maria Magdalene, et Iacobi, et Salome Venerunt corpus ungere R. Alleluia Of spices pure a precious store in their pure hands these women bore, to anoint the sacred Body o'er. R. Alleluia In albis sedens angelus praedixit mulieribus: In Galilaea est Dominus. R. Alleluia The straightaway one in white they see, who saith, "seek the Lord: but He is risen and gone to Galilee." R. Alleluia Et Ioannes apostolus cucurrit Petro citius, monumento venit prius. R. Alleluia This told they Peter, told John; who forthwith to the tomb are gone, but Peter is by John outrun. R. Alleluia Discipulis astantibus, in medio stetit Christus, dicens: Pax vobis omnibus. R. Alleluia That self-same night, while out of fear the doors where shut, their Lord most dear to His Apostles did appear. R. Alleluia Ut intellexit Didymus quia surrexerat Iesus, remansit fere dubius. R. Alleluia But Thomas, when of this he heard, was doubtful of his brethren's word; wherefore again there comes the Lord. R. Alleluia Vide Thoma, vide latus, vide pedes, vide manus, noli esse incredulus. R. Alleluia "Thomas, behold my side," saith He; "My hands, My feet, My body see, and doubt not, but believe in Me." R. Alleluia Quando Thomas vidit Christum, pedes, manus, latus suum, dixit: Tu es Deus meus. R. Alleluia When Thomas saw that wounded side, the truth no longer he denied; "Thou art my Lord and God!" he cried. R. Alleluia Beati qui non viderunt et firmiter crediderunt; vitam aeternam habebunt. R. Alleluia Oh, blest are they who have not seen their Lord and yet believe in Him! eternal life awaitheth them. R. Alleluia In hoc festo sanctissimo sit laus et iubilatio: benedicamus Domino. R. Alleluia Now let us praise the Lord most high, and strive His name to magnify on this great day, through earth and sky: R. Alleluia Ex quibus nos humillimas devotas atque debitas Deo dicamus gratias. R. Alleluia Whose mercy ever runneth o'er; Whom men and Angel hosts adore; to Him be glory evermore. R. Alleluia Latin from March, Latin Hymns. Translation by Fr. Edward Caswall (1814-1878). http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Invitatorium "Surrexit" NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705785328725917697/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Surréxit Dóminus vere The Lord is risen indeed. Allelúia. Alleluia. Surréxit Dóminus vere The Lord is risen indeed. Allelúia. Alleluia. (Ps. 94) Veníte, exsultémus Dómino, (Ps. 94) Come let us praise the Lord with joy: jubilémus Deo, salutári nostro. let us joyfully sing to God our saviour. Præoccupémus fáciem ejus Let us come before his presence in confessióne, with thanksgiving; et in psalmis jubilémus ei. and make a joyful noise to him with psalms. Surréxit Dóminus vere The Lord is risen indeed. Allelúia. Alleluia. Quóniam Deus magnus Dóminus, For the Lord is a great God, et rex magnus super omnes deos. and a great King above all gods. Quóniam non repéllet Dóminus plebem suam, For the Lord will not cast off his people: quia in manu ejus sunt omnes fines terræ, for in his hand are all the ends of the earth, et altitúdines móntium ipse cónspicit. and the heights of the mountains are his. Allelúia. Alleluia. Quóniam ipsíus est mare, For the sea is his, et ipse fecit illud, and he made it: et áridam fundavérunt manus ejus. and his hands formed the dry land. Veníte, adorémus, et procidámus ante Deum, Come let us adore and fall down: plorémus coram Dómino, qui fecit nos, and weep before the Lord that made us: quia ipse est Dóminus, Deus noster, For he is the Lord our God: nos autem pópulus ejus, and we are the people of his pasture et oves páscuæ ejus. and the sheep of his hand. Surréxit Dóminus vere The Lord is risen indeed. Allelúia. Alleluia. Hódie, si vocem ejus audiéritis: Today if you shall hear his voice, «Nolíte obduráre corda vestra, harden not your hearts: sicut in exacerbatióne secúndum diem tentatiónis in desérto: As in the provocation, according to the day of temptation in the wilderness: ubi tentavérunt me patres vestri: where your fathers tempted me, probavérunt et vidérunt ópera mea. they proved me, and saw my works. Allelúia. Alleluia. Quadragínta annis próximus fui generatióni huic, et dixi: Forty years long was I offended with that generation, and I said: Semper hi errant corde. These always err in heart. Ipsi vero non cognovérunt vias meas: And these men have not known my ways: quibus jurávi in ira mea: so I swore in my wrath Si introíbunt in réquiem meam.» that they shall not enter into my rest. Surréxit Dóminus vere The Lord is risen indeed. Allelúia. Alleluia. Glória Patri, et Fílio, Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, et Spirítui Sancto. and to the Holy Spirit. Sicut erat in princípio, et nunc, et semper, As it was in the beginning, is now, et in sǽcula sæculórum. Amen. and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. Allelúia. Alleluia. Surréxit Dóminus vere The Lord is risen indeed. Allelúia. Alleluia. #GregorianChant #Easter #Matins Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Schola Cantorum Amstelodamense et Archive.org (Internet Archive) pro bono rei publicae, cf. https://archive.org/details/lp_gregoriaanse-gezangen_schola-cantorum-of-amsterdam-students-wim/disc1/02.02.+Invitatorium+%22Surrexit%22.mp3 http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Recuperatio Verae†Crucis ad Ierusalem a Flavio Heraclio Augusto per Imperium Romanum (3 Mai. 629) NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705784229214289921 Beginning about the seventh century, the Gallican Church, celebrated the Feast of the Cross on May 3. The Feast of the "Invention of the True Cross" commemorates the recovery by the Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Heraclius, of a portion of the Holy Cross on 3 May 629, after it fell into the hands of the Persians. According to Herbert Thurston: [T]he portion of the Holy Cross preserved in Jerusalem afterwards fell into the hands of the Persians, but was recovered and,...was solemnly brought back to Jerusalem on 3 May, 629. This day seems to have attracted special attention among Celtic liturgists in the West and, though disregarded in the East, has passed through Celtic channels (we meet it first in the Lectionary of Silos and in the Bobbio Missal) into general recognition under the mistaken title of "Invention of the Cross. The commemoration of the "Invention of the True Cross', particularly popular in the historical Gallican Rite of the Catholic Church. was kept by the Western Church on 3 May. The feast of the Exaltation of the Cross sprang into existence at Rome at the end of the seventh century. Allusion is made to it during the pontificate of Sergius I (687-701) but, as Dom Bäumer observes, the very terms of the text (Lib. Pontif., I, 374, 378) show that the feast already existed. It is, then, inexact, as has often been pointed out, to attribute the introduction of it to this pope. The Gallican churches, which, at the period here referred to, do not yet know of this feast of the 14th September, have another on the 3rd of May of the same signification. It seems to have been introduced there in the seventh century, for ancient Gallican documents, such as the Lectionary of Luxeuil, do not mention it; Gregory of Tours also seems to ignore it. According to Mgr. Duchesne, the date seems to have been borrowed from the legend of the Finding of the Holy Cross (Lib. Pontif., I, p. cviii). Later, when the Gallican and Roman Liturgies were combined, a distinct character was given to each feast, so as to avoid sacrificing either. The 3rd of May was called the feast of the Invention of the Cross, and it commemorated in a special manner Saint Helena's discovery of the sacred wood of the Cross; the 14th of September, the feast of the Exaltation of the Cross, commemorated above all the circumstances in which Heraclius recovered from the Persians the True Cross, which they had carried off. Nevertheless, it appears from the history of the two feasts, which we have just examined, that that of the 13th and 14th of September is the older, and that the commemoration of the Finding of the Cross was at first combined with it. #TrueCross #Heraclius #Jerusalem Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Tevvez pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

PANGE LINGUA GLORIOSI CORPORIS MYSTERIUM NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705783129702662145/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Pange, lingua, gloriósi Córporis mystérium, Sanguinísque pretiósi, Quem in mundi prétium Fructus ventris generósi Rex effúdit géntium. Nobis datus, nobis natus Ex intácta Vírgine, Et in mundo conversátus, Sparso verbi sémine, Sui moras incolátus Miro clausit órdine. In suprémæ nocte coenæ Recúmbens cum frátribus Observáta lege plene Cibis in legálibus, Cibum turbæ duodénæ Se dat suis mánibus. Verbum caro, panem verum Verbo carnem éfficit: Fitque sanguis Christi merum, Et si sensus déficit, Ad firmándum cor sincérum Sola fides súfficit. Tantum ergo sacraméntum Venerémur cérnui: Et antíquum documéntum Novo cedat rítui: Præstet fides suppleméntum Sénsuum deféctui. Genitóri, Genitóque Laus et jubilátio, Salus, honor, virtus quoque Sit et benedíctio: Procedénti ab utróque Compar sit laudátio. Amen. Alleluja. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de archive.org (Community Audio) pro bono rei publicae, confer: https://archive.org/details/PangeLinguaGloriosiCampanas #PangeLinguaGloriosi #Aquinas #GregorianChant http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Dominator quartae et dimidiae partis totius Romaniae : Άρχοντας του τετάρτου και ημίσεος του τετάρτου πάσης Ρωμανίας NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705782030191034369 https://www.zazzle.com/dominator_venetian_byzantine_throw_pillow-189500142230344652 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus There had been a long trading relationship between the Venetians and the Eastern Roman Byzantines before, starting with the Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1082. However, with the chaotic events of 1204, the relationship between the two powers had greatly changed. In order to undercut the Venetian military support from the Latin Empire, the major inheritor of Constantinople, Theodore Lascaris, signed a trade agreement with Venice in August 1219 that provided freedom of trade and duty-free imports to the Venetians throughout the Nicaean Empire. In addition to the trading rights, the Doge of Venice, Pietro Ziani, was recognized the titles of Despot and 'Lord of one-quarter and one-eighth of the Empire of Romania' (dominus quartae partis et dimidiae totius Imperii Romaniae), that he had claimed after 1204. The Latin text of the treaty was published in the collection of Venetian diplomatic documents compiled by Gottlieb Tafel and Georg Thomas for the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. In March 1204, shortly before the sack of Constantinople in April, the Crusaders made a preliminary arrangement on the partition of the Byzantine territories between themselves. This text, concluded between the principal leaders of the Crusade, the Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo, Marquess Boniface of Montferrat, Count Baldwin of Flanders, and Count Louis I of Blois, has been preserved among the letters of Pope Innocent III. According to its stipulations, the Venetians would retain their previous privileges granted by the Byzantine emperors, and a common committee, composed in equal numbers of Venetians and Crusaders, would elect an emperor for the Latin Empire to be established after the conquest of the city. The Latin Emperor would receive one quarter of all territories, as well as the palaces of Blachernae and Boukoleon in the city. The remaining three quarters of the Byzantine territories would be divided equally between Venice and the other Crusaders. On 9 May, Baldwin of Flanders was elected Latin Emperor, in place of the previous leader of the Crusade, Boniface of Montferrat. According to the Crusader and chronicler Geoffrey of Villehardouin, by previous agreement, Boniface should receive the territories lying beyond the Bosporus and Marmara Sea, "towards Turkey", as well as "the isle of Greece". However, to placate Boniface, Baldwin agreed to assign to him the Kingdom of Thessalonica instead.[5] The agreement, which was promulgated either in late September or early October 1204 (according to the opinions of W. Heyd, Dionysios Zakythinos, and A. Carile) or (according to Nikolaos Oikonomides) immediately after the sack in April–May 1204, was drafted by a 24-man committee consisting of 12 Venetians and 12 representatives of the other Crusader leaders. The Venetians played a major role in the proceedings, as they had first-hand knowledge of the area, and many of the final text's provisions can be traced to the imperial chrysobull granted to Venice in 1198 by Alexios III Angelos. It gave the Latin Emperor direct control of one fourth of the former Byzantine territory, to Venice three eighths – including three eighths of the city of Constantinople, with Hagia Sophia – and the remaining three eighths were apportioned among the other Crusader chiefs. Through this division, Venice became the chief power in Latin Romania, and the effective power behind the Latin Empire, a fact clearly illustrated by the lofty title its Doge acquired: Dominator quartae et dimidiae partis totius Romaniae ("Lord of a quarter and a half quarter of all of Romania"). The treaty survives in a number of manuscripts, all from Venice: the Liber Albus (fols. 34ff.), the Liber Pactorum (Vol. I, fols. 246ff. and Vol. II, fols. 261ff.), the Codex Sancti Marci 284, folio 3, and the Muratorii codices Ambrosiani I and II. The first critical edition of the treaty was published in the collection of Venetian diplomatic documents compiled. #Doge #Byzantine #RomanEmpire #Venice #Constantinople #LatinEmpire #Orthodoxy #EasternRomanHistory #SPQR #Venezia #Latin #Greek #CrusaderKings #Catholicism #History #MIL #SuccessorStates #Romania #Roma #RomanReigns #Dogecoin #Dogecoinarmy #Domination #DogeNFTs Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Egiuxz" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Η Οδηγήτρια ϗ Κοντάκιον τῆς Θεοτόκου - Hodegetria et Cantus Matri Dei NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705780930679406593 https://www.zazzle.com/%ce%97_%ce%9f%ce%b4%ce%b7%ce%b3%ce%ae%cf%84%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%b1_poster-228933137174093215 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Κοντάκιον τῆς Θεοτόκου Τῇ ὑπερμάχῳ στρατηγῷ τὰ νικητήρια, ὡς λυτρωθεῖσα τῶν δεινῶν εὐχαριστήρια, ἀναγράφω σοι ἡ Πόλις σου, Θεοτόκε. Ἀλλ’ ὡς ἔχουσα τὸ κράτος ἀπροσμάχητον, ἐκ παντοίων με κινδύνων ἐλευθέρωσον, ἵνα κράζω σοι· Χαῖρε Νύμφη ἀνύμφευτε. Kontakion of the Mother of God To you, the Champion Leader, I, your City, dedicate a feast of victory and thanksgiving, as one rescued out of sufferings, O Mother of God. But as you have invincible might, set me free from every peril, that I may cry out to you: Hail, Bride unwedded. Η Οδηγήτρια είναι εικονογραφικός τύπος της Παναγίας κατά τον οποίο απεικονίζεται η Παναγία όρθια, βρεφοκρατούσα και ελαφρώς στραμένη αριστερά. Η ονομάσία του τύπου αυτού οφείλεται σε σχετική εικόνα της μονής των Οδηγων που βρίσκεται στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, την οποία έστειλε από τα Ιεροσόλυμα περί το 400 η αυτοκράτειρα Αιλία Ευδοκία στην αδελφή του συζύγου της Πουλχερία. Η εικόνα αυτή κατέστη Ιερό Παλλάδιο και χρησιμοποίηθηκε τόσο σε τελετές, όσο και σε πολεμικές συγκρούσεις, ενώ είχε αποδοθεί στον Λουκά.[ Hodegetria is an iconographic type of the Virgin Mary in which the Virgin Mary is depicted standing, holding a baby and slightly leaning to the left. The name of this type is due to a relative image of the monastery of the Guides located in Constantinople , which was sent from Jerusalem around 400 by the Empress Aelia Evdokia to the sister of her husband Poulcheria . This image became a Sacred Palladium and was used both in ceremonies and in wars, while it was attributed to Luke . Θεοτόκος Οδηγήτρια Λεπτομέρεια από νεανικό έργο του Δομήνικου Θεοτοκόπουλου (El Greco), στο οποίο ο Ευαγγελιστής Λουκάς εμφανιζόταν να ζωγραφίζει εικόνα της Παναγίας Οδηγήτριας. Η εικόνα της Θεοτόκου Οδηγήτριας φιλοτεχνήθηκε για το Πωλητήριο του Μουσείου Μπενάκη από το ζωγράφο-αγιογράφο Γιώργο Μπογδανόπουλo, σύμφωνα με την τεχνική των βυζαντινών ζωγράφων (που τοποθετείται γύρω στο 1560), δηλαδή με αβγοτέμπερα πάνω σε ξύλο, σε συνδυασμό σε γαιώδη χρώματα και στιλβωμένα φύλλα καθαρού χρυσού. Theotokos Hodegetria Detail from a youthful work by Domenikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), in which the Evangelist Luke appeared to paint an icon of the Virgin Hodegetria. The icon of the Virgin Hodegetria was created for the Shop of the Benaki Museum by the painter-hagiographer George Bogdanopoulos, according to the technique of the Byzantine painters (placed around 1560), ie with egg tempera on wood, in combination with earthy colors and of pure gold. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Cappella Romana pro bono rei publicae. #Mariupol #Hodegetria #Kontakion http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

NVMMVS: CIVITAS SYI ♖ - ᛭ M ZAEHARIE (~1324-39 A.D.) NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705777632144523265 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Chios, Martin Zaccaria (c.1324-39), Denier Tornese, 0.68g, civitas syi, tower, rev. +m zaeharie., cross (Schl. XIII, 32, var.), fine, rare. Features Issuer Lordship of Chios (Genoese colonies) Lord Martino Zaccaria (1324-1329) Type Standard circulation coin Years 1324-1339 Value 1 Denier Tornese (1/72) Currency Ducat Composition Silver Weight 0.68 g Shape Round Technique Hammered Demonetized Yes Number N# 192699 The Lordship of Chios was founded in 1304, when Benedetto I Zaccaria conquered the Greek island of Chios and received it as a fief from the Eastern Roman - Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus. Chios remained well outside any practical Eastern Roman - Byzantine authority, however. Paleologo Zaccaria ( ? –1314) was the Lord of Chios and Phocaea, as well as other Aegean islands from 1307 until his death. Paleologo was the son of Benedetto I Zaccaria Lord of Chios and Pocaea; his mother was a Palaiologina, sister of the Emperor Michael VIII. His first name is unknown, as is the first name of his mother. On the death of his father, he succeeded him. The brothers Benedetto II Zaccaria and Martino Zaccaria were his sons (or his cousins, sons of Nicolino Zaccaria). In 1329, a rebellion of the locals overthrew the Italian Zaccaria family and the island became an Eastern Roman - Byzantine possession again. In 1345, it fell to the Giustiniani, who held it until 1566, when it finally capitulated to the Ottoman Empire. Martino Zaccaria was the Lord of Chios from 1314 to 1329, ruler of several other Aegean islands, and baron of Veligosti–Damala and Chalandritsa in the Principality of Achaea. He distinguished himself in the fight against Turkish corsairs in the Aegean Sea, and received the title of "King and Despot of Asia Minor" from the titular Latin Emperor, Philip II. He was deposed from his rule of Chios by a Byzantine expedition in 1329, and imprisoned in Constantinople until 1337. Martino then returned to Italy, where he was named the Genoese ambassador to the Holy See. In 1343 he was named commander of the Papal squadron in the Smyrniote crusade against Umur Bey, ruler of the Emirate of Aydin, and participated in the storming of Smyrna in October 1344. He was killed, along with several other of the crusade's leaders, in a Turkish attack on 17 January 1345. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Valeron pro bono rei publicae. #Chios #Zaccaria #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705777632144523265 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Chios, Martin Zaccaria (c.1324-39), Denier Tornese, 0.68g, civitas syi, tower, rev. +m zaeharie., cross (Schl. XIII, 32, var.), fine, rare. Features Issuer Lordship of Chios (Genoese colonies) Lord Martino Zaccaria (1324-1329) Type Standard circulation coin Years 1324-1339 Value 1 Denier Tornese (1/72) Currency Ducat Composition Silver Weight 0.68 g Shape Round Technique Hammered Demonetized Yes Number N# 192699 The Lordship of Chios was founded in 1304, when Benedetto I Zaccaria conquered the Greek island of Chios and received it as a fief from the Eastern Roman - Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus. Chios remained well outside any practical Eastern Roman - Byzantine authority, however. Paleologo Zaccaria ( ? –1314) was the Lord of Chios and Phocaea, as well as other Aegean islands from 1307 until his death. Paleologo was the son of Benedetto I Zaccaria Lord of Chios and Pocaea; his mother was a Palaiologina, sister of the Emperor Michael VIII. His first name is unknown, as is the first name of his mother. On the death of his father, he succeeded him. The brothers Benedetto II Zaccaria and Martino Zaccaria were his sons (or his cousins, sons of Nicolino Zaccaria). In 1329, a rebellion of the locals overthrew the Italian Zaccaria family and the island became an Eastern Roman - Byzantine possession again. In 1345, it fell to the Giustiniani, who held it until 1566, when it finally capitulated to the Ottoman Empire. Martino Zaccaria was the Lord of Chios from 1314 to 1329, ruler of several other Aegean islands, and baron of Veligosti–Damala and Chalandritsa in the Principality of Achaea. He distinguished himself in the fight against Turkish corsairs in the Aegean Sea, and received the title of "King and Despot of Asia Minor" from the titular Latin Emperor, Philip II. He was deposed from his rule of Chios by a Byzantine expedition in 1329, and imprisoned in Constantinople until 1337. Martino then returned to Italy, where he was named the Genoese ambassador to the Holy See. In 1343 he was named commander of the Papal squadron in the Smyrniote crusade against Umur Bey, ruler of the Emirate of Aydin, and participated in the storming of Smyrna in October 1344. He was killed, along with several other of the crusade's leaders, in a Turkish attack on 17 January 1345. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Valeron pro bono rei publicae. #Chios #Zaccaria #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

PROVATICANVS NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705775433121267713/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Summo Pontífici et universáli Papæ pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Eminentíssimo Cardináli Archiepíscopo et omni clero ei commísso pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. Témpora bona véniant, pax Christi véniat, regnum Christi véniat. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Summo Pontífici et universáli Papæ pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Reverendíssimo Epíscopo et omni clero ei commísso pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. Témpora bona véniant, pax Christi véniat, regnum Christi véniat. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. #PROVATICANVS #Vatican #ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

ΔΕΎΤΕΡΗ ΣΎΝΟΔΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΝΊΚΑΙΑΣ, ΤΡΊΤΗ ΣΎΝΟΔΟΣ (28 ΣΕΠΤΕΜΒΡΊΟΥ 787): ΤΌ ΈΚ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΤΡΌΣ ΔΙ' ΥΙΟΎ ΈΚΠΟΡΕΥΌΜΕΝΟΝ Πιστεύω εις ένα θεόν πατέρα παντοκράτορα καί εις ένα κύριον Ίησοΰν Χριστόν τόν υίόν του θεού καί θεόν ημών, γεννηθέντα έκ τοϋ πατρός άχρόνως καί άϊδίως, καί εις τό πνεύμα τό αγιον, τό κύριον καί ζωοποιόν, τό έκ του πατρός δι' υιού έκπορευόμενον... Actio III SS. Concilii Nicaeni II (28 Sept. 787): De Processione Spiritus Sancti ex Patre Per Filium Credo in unum Deum Patrem omnipotentem, et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum Filium Dei et Deum nostrum, natum ex Patre sine tempore coaeternum: et in Spiritum sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem, ex Patre per Filium procedentem.... Cf. https://www.scribd.com/document/565747890/Seventh-Council-in-Greek-and-Latin Cf. Mansi, Tom. XII, Col. 1121-1128: https://www.scribd.com/document/565748002/Sacrorum-Conciliorum-Nova-Et-Amplissima-Labbe-Philippe-Bpt6k51594s NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705778731656151041/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus #Filioque #EcumenicalCouncils #Orthodoxy Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

​ @ProVaticanus ἡ ἀποθέωσῐς τετρα-μορφῇ : Ad Astra Per Aspera http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705776532632895489/ Per aspera ad astra (or, less commonly, ad astra per aspera) is a Latin phrase meaning "through hardships to the stars" or "Our aspirations take us to the stars". The phrase is one of the many Latin sayings that use the expression ad astra, meaning "to the stars". #PROVATICANVS #Quadropoly #Borgia Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Borgia pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

AD GLORIAM ROMANORVM FLAVIVS BELISARIVS VENIT PER PORTAM ASINARIAM ROMAM INTRAT (9 DEC. 536 A.D.) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus He entered the city through the Porta Asinaria, a gate on the Aurelian Wall, built by the third century emperor who restored a splintered empire. Belisarius and his small army were reconquering the city of Rome for the Roman Emperor Justinian, based in Constantinople. The city had not had a Roman Emperor in sixty years. It was December 9, 536 AD. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries Rome was the largest city in the world with a population estimated at one million. Even with the slow decline and eventual end of the western Roman Empire, the city remained prosperous (at least relative to much of the rest of the West) into the early 6th century with perhaps 200,000 inhabitants as late as 500 AD. Yet a decade after Belisarius' entry Rome went through a brief period when it was virtually depopulated and a decade after that the population was still no more than 30,000. Indeed, for a thousand years, Rome's population did not exceed 50 or 60,000 (except for brief periods when refugees from various wars crammed inside its walls) and did not again reach a million inhabitants until the 1930s. What happened? At the beginning of the fourth century Rome covered about 3,400 acres within the Aurelian Walls, and its total urbanized area may have been 6,000 acres. The city contained 28 libraries, 1,352 street fountains, and 856 communal baths with a capacity of 63,000. To supply the city with 200,000 tons of grain annually and other vital supplies, seventeen ships arrived each day during the sailing season at the city's ports at Ostia. More than 300,000 amphorae containing olive oil arrived each year which, when empty, were discarded into a huge landfill that still exists today containing the rubble of an estimated 53 million amphorae rising 30 meters high and a kilometer in circumference. (Statistics from Rome: A Living Portrait Of An Ancient City, Stephen L Dyson (2010)). And what would a visitor see in the heart of the city? The great streets . . . all ended in the same general area, marked by the Capitoline Hill, Forum, Palatine, and Colosseum. Over the centuries this area had grown into a grand display of state architecture . . . There, Romans, provincials, and foreigners gawked at temples, basilicas, theatres, porticos; heaps of marbles . . . gilded capitals, triumphal arches, honorific statues . . . all this was the grand show that reflected the glory of Rome and her empire (Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308, Richard Krautheimer N.B., 'Entry of Belisarius into Rome', (536 AD), 1890. Flavius Belisarius (c500-565) a general of the Roman Empire, during the Gothic War entered Rome unopposed in late spring 536 AD. From "Cassell's Illustrated Universal History, Vol. III - The Middle Ages", by Edmund Ollier. [Cassell and Company, Limited, London, Paris and Melbourne, 1890. ] #Gloria #Belisarius #Rome Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Paulo Lacayo pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Πολιτεία Ὄνειροι τῶν Ῥωμαίων διά τήν αποκατάσταση Θεοδωρούς και Παραθαλασσίας: Spe Romana Theodorana NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705773234098012161/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Η Αυθεντία Θεοδωρούς και Παραθαλασσίας, επίσης γνωστή και ως Γοτθία, ήταν μικρή ηγεμονία στα νοτιοδυτικά της Κριμαίας, από τις αρχές του 14ου αιώνα μέχρι την κατάληψή της από τους Οθωμανούς Τούρκους το 1475. Πρωτεύουσα της ηγεμονίας ήταν το Δόρος ή Θεοδωρούς, σήμερα γνωστό ως Μανγκούπ. Η ηγεμονία ήταν στενά συνδεδεμένη με την Αυτοκρατορία της Τραπεζούντας. Ο πληθυσμός της ήταν ένα μείγμα Ελλήνων, Γότθων της Κριμαίας, Αλανών, Βουλγάρων, Κουμάνων, Κιπτσάκων και άλλων εθνολογικών ομάδων, οι οποίοι ασπάστηκαν τον Ορθόδοξο Χριστιανισμό. Επίσημη γλώσσα του πριγκιπάτου ήταν τα ελληνικά. Το έδαφος ήταν αρχικά υπό τον έλεγχο της Τραπεζούντας, και αποτελούσε μέρος της Περατείας. Η ηγεμονία της Γοτθίας αναφέρεται για πρώτη φορά στις αρχές του 14ου αιώνα, από τον μεταβυζαντινό ιστορικό Θεόδωρο Σπανδουγίνο, που έχει καταγράψει την ύπαρξη μιας «Ηγεμονίας Γοτθίας» κατά τη βασιλεία του Ανδρόνικου Γ΄ Παλαιολόγου (1328-1341). Περαιτέρω αναφορές υπάρχουν κατά τη διάρκεια του 14ου αιώνα, με αρκετούς μελετητές να ταυτίζουν τον «Ντμίτρι», έναν από τους τρεις πρίγκιπες των Τατάρων στη Μάχη των Γαλανών Νερών (π. 1362/3), με έναν ηγεμόνα της Γοτθίας. Το όνομα σε αυτή την περίπτωση μπορεί ενδεχομένως να είναι το βαπτιστικό όνομα του Τατάρου άρχοντα του Μανγκούπ, που ονομαζόταν Khuitani. Η ονομασία «Θεοδωρούς» εμφανίζεται για πρώτη φορά σε ελληνική επιγραφή που χρονολογείται γύρω στο 1361/2, και στη συνέχεια και πάλι ως «Theodoro Mangop» σε γενουατικό έγγραφο του 1374. Προτάθηκε από τον Άντζελο Μερκάτι ότι το γενουατικό έγγραφο είναι παραφθορά του ελληνικού πληθυντικού «οι Θεόδωροι», «των Θεοδώρων», που πιθανόν θα εννοεί τους αγίους Θεόδωρο τον Στρατηλάτη και Θεόδωρο τον Τήρωνα, αλλά ο Νικολάε Μπανέσκου (Nicolae Bănescu) πρότεινε την εναλλακτική εξήγηση ότι αυτή προέκυψε από την οριστική του ελληνικού ονόματος «το Δόρος» ή «το Δόρυ», που ήταν πρώιμη μεσαιωνική ονομασία της περιοχής. Ανεξάρτητα από την προέλευσή του, το όνομα καθιερώθηκε: το 1420 η επίσημη ονομασία του ηγεμόνα ήταν «αὐθέντης πόλεως Θεοδωροῦς και παραθαλασσίας», ενώ στην καθομιλουμένη ονομαζόταν Θεοδωρίτσι («μικρή Θεοδωρούς») από τους κατοίκους της. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de B.H.R. pro bono rei publicae. #DreamState #Theodoro #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

CONCILIUM TOLETANUM PRIMUM (1 SEPT. 400 A.D.): PARACLITUS A PATRE FILIOQUE PROCEDENS http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus INCIPIT CONSTITUTIO CONCILII EPISCOPORUM DECEM ET OCTO TOLETO HABITA, ARCADII ET HONORII TEMPORIBUS SUB DIE VII ID SEP, STILICONE VC. Convenientibus episcopis in ecclesia Toleto, id est, Patronus, Marcellus, Alicianus, Afrodosius, Iocundus, Olimpius, Severus, Articius, Leonas, Asturius, Helarius, Lampius, Serenus, Florus, Leporius, Eustochius, Aurelianus, Lampadius, Exsuperantius, de Gallia Lucentius, is conventus municipii Celenis actus est, omnes decem et novem. Isti sunt qui et in aliis gestis, adversus Priscilli sectatores et heresem quam adstruxerat libellarem dedere sententiam. Consedentibus presbiteris, adstantibus diaconibus et ceteris qui intererant concilio congregatis, Patronus episcopus dixit: Quoniam singuli coepimus in ecclesiis nostris facere diversa, et inde tanta scandala sunt quae usque ad scisma perveniunt, si placet communi consilio decernamus, quid ab omnibus episcopis in ordinandis clericis sit sequendum. Mihi autem placet constitutum primitus concilii Niceni, perpetuum esse servandum, nec ab hoc esse recedendum. Universi episcopi dixerunt: Hoc nobis placet. Ita ut si quis cognitis gestis concilii Niceni aliud quam statutum est facere praesumpserit, et non in eo perseverandum putaverit, tunc excommunicatus habeatur, nisi per correptionem fratrum emendaverit errorem... EXPLICIT CONSTITUTIO CONCILII TOLETANI. Incipit regula fidei catholicae contra omnes hereses, quam maxime contra priscillianistas, episcopi Terraconenses Carthaginenses, Lusitani et Betici fecerunt, ex praecepto papę Urbis Leonis, et ad Balconium episcopum Galliciae transmiserunt. Ipsi etiam et superscripta viginti canonum capitula statuerunt in concilio Toletano. Credimus in unum verum deum patrem et filium et spiritum sanctum visibilium et invisibilium factorem, per quem creata sunt omnia in caelo et in terra, unum deum et unam esse divinae substantiae trinitatem. Patrem autem non esse filium ipsum, sed habere filium qui pater non sit. Filium non esse patrem, sed filium dei de patris esse natura. Spiritum quoque esse paraclitum, qui nec pater sit ipse, nec filius, sed a patre filioque procedens. Est ergo ingenitus pater, genitus filius, non genitus paraclitus, sed a patre filioque procedens. Pater est cuius vox haec est audita de caelis: Hic est filius meus dilectus in quo bene complacuit, ipsum audite. Filius est qui ait: Ego a patre exivi, et a deo veni in hunc mundum. Paraclytus spiritus est, de quo filius ait: Nisi ||fol. 63rb|| abiero ego ad patrem, paraclytus non veniet. Hanc trinitatem personis distinctam, substantia unitam virtute et potestate et maiestate indivisibilem indifferentem, preter hanc nullam credimus divinam esse naturam vel angeli vel spiritus vel virtutis alicuius quae deus esse credatur. Hunc igitur filium dei deum natum a patre ante omne omnino principium sanctificasse uterum Marię virginis atque ex ea verum hominem sine virili generatum semine suscepisse duabus dumtaxat naturis, id est deitatis et carnis in unam convenientibus omnino personam, id est dominum nostrum Iesum Christum. Nec imaginarium corpus aut fantasmatis alicuius in eo fuisse, sed solidum atque verum. Hunc et esurisse, et sitisse, et doluisse, et flevisse, et omnis corporis iniurias pertulisse. Postremo a Iudeis crucifixum et sepultum, et tertia die resurrexisse. Conversatum postmodum cum discipulis suis, et quadragesima post resurrectionem die ad caelum ascendisse. Hunc filium hominis etiam dei filium, et filium dei hominis filium appellamus. Resurrectionem vero futuram humanę credimus carnis. Animam autem hominis, non divinae esse substantiae aut dei patris, sed creaturam dei voluntate creatam. Cf. Cod. Vat. lat. 1341, fol. 62ra, 63ra-63rb. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro pro bono rei publicae. #CouncilOfToledo #Filioque #Orthodoxy http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Missa Pontificalis (1897) una cum SS. Leone PP. XIII per opus Rev. Dom. Laurentii Perosi... actusque organi a una voce Scholae Cantorum Vallicellianae Romanae I. Kyrie II. Gloria III. Credo IV. Sanctus V. Benedictus VI. Agnus Dei #PontificalMass #LatinMass #SacredPolyphony Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Rev. Dom. Laurentio Perosi Schola Cantorum Vallicelliana Romana pro bono rei publicae. http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus