JJ Medicine

Mastoiditis (& Acute Otitis Media) | Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Mastoiditis is a condition involving infection and inflammation of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone. Mastoiditis is often a complication of acute otitis media, which itself is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection with bacterial species including streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and others. In this lesson, we discuss the pathophysiology of Mastoiditis, including signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Meckel Diverticulum (Most Common Congenital Intestinal Anomaly) | Causes, Symptoms & Complications, Diagnosis, Treatment Meckel Diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in approximately 2% of the general population. It is due to a failure of regression of the vitelline or vitellointestinal duct at 5-7 weeks of gestational age in the developing fetus. It is often detected early on in life, before the age of 2. Meckel Diverticulum is most often asymptomatic in adults, but can present with a variety of signs and symptoms in certain patient populations. In this lesson, we discuss the “Rule of 2s”, the signs and symptoms along with the complications of having a Meckel Diverticulum, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Meniere’s Disease | Pathophysiology, Triggers, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Meniere’s Disease is an inner ear disorder involving recurrent and spontaneous episodes of vertigo (sensation of room spinning) with other associated symptoms. The etiology behind Meniere’s disease is not known; however, it is believed to be related to genetic predisposition and the presence of other medical conditions. Meniere’s disease causes a variety of signs and symptoms, including changes in hearing and these symptoms can be triggered by a variety of dietary factors. In this lesson, we discuss all of these details, including how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Meniere’s Disease Signs & Symptoms (& Why They Occur) Meniere’s Disease (& Meniere’s Syndrome) is an inner ear condition involving recurrent and spontaneous episodes of vertigo (sensation of “room spinning”) along with other associated signs and symptoms. In this lesson, we discuss the triggers of these episodes of vertigo, along with how long episodes last and the other important signs and symptoms that occur as well. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

What To Avoid When Taking Metformin | Drug Interactions | Pharmacology Metformin is a medication used to reduce or lower blood glucose levels. Metformin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome, among other conditions. Unfortunately, metformin can cause a variety of mild and severe side effects, including lactic acidosis. Certain foods, beverages and other medications can increase the risk of side effects from metformin. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Lesson on Approach to Microcytic Anemia and an Easy Way to Remember Causes (including iron-deficiency anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease and lead poisoning). Microcytic anemia is a low hemoglobin with a low MCV. Microcytic anemia has several different causes, each of which has specific blood smear and bloodwork findings. In this lesson, we discuss how to diagnose microcytic anemia, how to remember and approach the causes of microcytic anemia, and we will also have a detailed overview of the causes of microcytic anemia as well. If you found this video helpful, please like and subscribe for more videos like this one :) JJ

*IMPORTANT NOTE: New research is demonstrating that the recent transmission of Monkeypox appears mostly to be due to sexual contact (especially MSM sexual contact).* *These are POSSIBLE signs and symptoms, so some patients may have most of these and some may have very few of these clinical features* Monkeypox Signs & Symptoms (First Symptom & Stages of Rash) Monkeypox is a disease caused by the monkeypox virus, leading to a characteristic pox rash. In this lesson, we discuss the signs and symptoms of monkeypox, including the 2 stages of disease, the most common first symptom and stages or skin rash. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Weird Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Atypical Clinical Features of IBS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder involving chronic and recurrent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habit. Some of the hallmark clinical features of IBS include abdominal pain that co-occurs with changes in bowel habit, which includes diarrhea, constipation or an alternating of the two. In this lesson, we discuss the more rare and atypical (strange or weird) that occur in IBS that many individuals don’t think about, including psychological issues and sexual dysfunction. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) | Epstein-Barr Virus, Transmission, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Infectious Mononucleosis (also known simply as Mono or Mononucleosis) is a condition whereby immune cells (known as monocytes) increase in levels due to an infection (most commonly by Epstein-barr virus, or EBV). In this lesson, we discuss how this virus is transmitted, along with the signs and symptoms of mono, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. Please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only. **MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Lesson on Ketone Body Synthesis (Ketogenesis): In-Depth, step-by-step pathway analysis of the formation of ketones, and regulation of the enzymes involved. Hey everyone! This lesson is on ketone body synthesis, how ketone bodies are produced, the location of ketone body formation, and how ketone body synthesis is regulated by glucagon and insulin. If you found this video helpful, please like and subscribe for my videos! Please also check out my videos for more lessons on human metabolism, health and disease. ****EXCLAIMER: The content (ex. images) used in this lesson are used in accordance with Fair Use laws and are intended for educational/teaching purposes only.****

Lactic Acidosis: Biological pathway, causes, and subtypes. Elevated lactate production can lead to lactic acidosis which can be a serious condition and is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients. There are a variety of causes of lactic acid production including increased pyruvate production, decreased pyruvate utilization, and decreased removal of lactic acid production. In this lesson, you will learn the definition of hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis, along with a pathophysiological breakdown of the how it occurs, and you will also learn about a variety of causes of lactic acidosis. You will also learn the differences between Type A Lactic Acidosis and Type B Lactic Acidosis. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please consider liking, subscribing and clicking the notification bell to help support the channel! JJ Please help support this channel and future lessons by donating (and get some cool stuff) ➜ https://www.patreon.com/jjmedicine

Lead Poisoning (Lead Toxicity) | Sources, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Lead Poisoning (also known as Lead Toxicity) is a condition involving exposure and increased levels of lead in the blood. Lead is a heavy metal that is found throughout the environment. However, lead has no physiological function, and exposure to lead can lead to both reversible and irreversible health effects. In this lesson, we discuss some of the sources of lead (environmental and occupational), how lead causes health issues, signs and symptoms of lead poisoning, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: StatPearls (2022) Lead Toxicity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541097/ Image of Burton's Lines: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1108354 **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Legionnaires’ Disease | Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Legionnaires’ Disease is an atypical pneumonia caused by a gram negative bacterial infection. The bacteria that cause Legionnaires’ Disease is infamous for being spread through aerosolized droplets of water from contaminated sources included air conditioning units, hot tubs, etc. In this lesson, we discuss in more detail the transmission of Legionnaires’ Disease, along with some of the pathophysiology, the signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like this video and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only. **MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

“Inherited Condition with Many Birthmarks” | Legius Syndrome | Mutation, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Legius Syndrome is an autosomal dominant, inherited condition involving multiple café au lait macules or spots (a type of birthmark) with other associated findings. Legius syndrome is similar to the condition known as Neurofibromatosis Type 1, although Legius syndrome is caused by a different gene mutation. Legius syndrome would be considered a RASopathy, affecting the RAS pathway. Legius syndrome, like Neurofibromatosis Type 1, causes multiple café au lait macules and skin-fold freckling; however, Legius syndrome does not cause the formation of neurofibromas. In this lesson, we discuss the mutation that causes Legius syndrome, the signs and symptoms and associated problems (including learning difficulties), how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer) | Genetics, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Lynch Syndrome (also known as Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer) is a hereditary condition involving increased risk of colorectal cancer along with a variety of other cancers including endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Lynch Syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition and is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair proteins, which leads to increased risk of DNA mutations and ultimately increased risk of cancer. In this lesson, we discuss the genetics involved in Lynch Syndrome, along with the various types of cancers that individuals with Lynch Syndrome are more prone to. We will also discuss the signs and symptoms of Lynch Syndrome, along with ways it is diagnosed and treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Macrocytic Anemia | Megaloblastic vs Non-Megaloblastic | Approach & Causes Macrocytic anemia is a condition with low hemoglobin and high MCV (mean corpuscular volume). Macrocytic anemia can be broken down into Megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic by looking at a blood smear. In this lesson, we discuss an approach to determining how to diagnose macrocytic anemia including distinguishing between megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic as well as looking at a variety of causes (including vitamin b12 and folate deficiencies). I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please consider liking, subscribing and clicking the notification bell to help support the channel and stay up-to-date on future lessons. REFERENCES: Macrocytic Anemia, StatPearls https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459295/ **MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Macular Degeneration | Wet vs Dry | Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Macular Degeneration) is an ocular condition involving degeneration of the macula, which is involved in central vision. There are many factors that increase the risk of this condition including increasing age and smoking. There are two types of macular degeneration: Dry and Wet. In this lesson, we discuss all of the risk factors, the pathophysiology of Dry and Wet macular degeneration, along with signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Lesson on high magnesium (Hypermagnesemia), purpose of magnesium, dietary sources of magnesium, causes of high magnesium, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Magnesium is an important element acquired from our diet that is required as a cofactor for hundreds of enzymes involved in production of DNA, RNA and proteins. There are many dietary sources of magnesium including nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables. There are several categories of causes of high magnesium including increased intake/absorption/shifts, reduced renal excretion, among others, and can also be caused by certain medications. In this lesson, we discuss multiple causes within each of these categories and discuss many different types of medications that can lead to high phosphate levels. We also discuss some of the signs and symptoms of having high magnesium, coexisting electrolyte disturbances, and cardiac and neurologic complications of having too much magnesium. We also discuss how we treat Hypermagnesemia. If you found this video helpful, please like and subscribe for more videos like this one :) JJ

Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) | Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Giant Cell Arteritis (which is also known as Temporal Arteritis) is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis condition involving inflammation of small, medium and large blood vessels. The etiology of this condition is unknown; however, a variety of factors have been found to be associated with increased risk of this condition, including older age, smoking, and possible previous infection. In this lesson, we discuss the additional factors that increase the risk of giant cell arteritis, along with how it happens, clinical features and symptoms you need to look out for, along with how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Giardiasis (Beaver Fever) | Infection Sources, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Giardiasis (also known as Beaver Fever) is a gastrointestinal condition caused by infection with the protozoal species known as Giardia intestinalis. This protozoa can be found in outside water sources including rivers, streams, ponds and lakes. Infection with this protozoa can cause a variety of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms including chronic diarrhea, weight loss and malaise. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Gilbert Syndrome | Causes (Genetics), Pathogenesis, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Gilbert syndrome is a benign, genetic condition involving recurrent episodes of jaundice. In this lesson, we discuss the pathogenic reasons for why these episodes occur, along with triggers for these episodes, other associated symptoms, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please consider liking, subscribing and clicking the notification bell to help support the channel! JJ

Hepatitis A (Viral Hepatitis) | Virus, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Hepatitis A is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, which is an RNA virus from the picornaviridae family of viruses. Hepatitis A causes acute liver inflammation, and it affects millions of people worldwide each year. Hepatitis A virus can be contracted through consumption of contaminated water and food and by close contact to an infected individual. Once a patient has ingested the virus, it takes approximately 2-6 weeks for incubation and subsequent onset of signs and symptoms to occur. In this lesson, we discuss the signs and symptoms of a Hepatitis A infection, along with how clinicians diagnose and treat it. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Hiatal (Hiatus) Hernia Signs & Symptoms (& Why They Occur) Hiatal (Hiatus) Hernia is a gastrointestinal condition involving herniation of part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus, which is an opening in the diaphragm. A hiatal hernia may occur due to a variety of factors, including obesity, increasing age, and chronic constipation. Due to the herniation of the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter may open inappropriately, leading to a variety of signs and symptoms of reflux. In this lesson, we discuss the signs and symptoms, along with the complications, of having a hiatal hernia. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Lesson on Liver Enzymes, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) vs Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), “Transaminitis”, and Causes of Elevations. One is more specific to the liver than the other, and one has a shorter half life than the other, allowing analysis of how long liver damage may have been occurring. In this lesson, we discuss both AST and ALT, their functions, their half life, organs in which they are located, and causes of elevations in both AST and ALT. If you found this video helpful, please like and subscribe for more videos like this one :) JJ

Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) | Causes, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Stages, Diagnosis, Treatment Frozen Shoulder (which is also known as Frozen Shoulder Syndrome and Adhesive Capsulitis) is a condition involving progressive pain and stiffening of the shoulder joint. There are a wide variety of causes and factors associated with this condition, including prolonged shoulder immobility, diabetes, and shoulder injury. In this lesson, we discuss the pathophysiology behind why it occurs, along with the stages of symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.