JJ Medicine

Taking Ozempic? What To Avoid, Who Shouldn’t Take It, Factors That Worsen Side Effects & Cancer Ozempic (also known as Semaglutide, Wegovy and Rybelsus) is a medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes and has been recently being used for weight loss purposes. It is a GLP-1 agonist, meaning that it binds to GLP-1 receptors to cause decreased gastric emptying, satiety (feeling full), and improved insulin release from the pancreas. However, use of these medications can cause unwanted side effects including nausea, vomiting and hypoglycemia (a low blood glucose level). Certain ways of taking the medications, along with taking other herbal medications or prescription medications while taking Ozempic/Semaglutide, can all increase the risk of side effects. In this lesson, we discuss important information and considerations for using Ozempic, including what interacts with it, patients who shouldn’t use it, and ways to reduce risk. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/ozempic-rybelsus-wegovy-semaglutide-1000174?_ga=2.10078197.114312408.1692393166-1231998141.1692393164 **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Ozempic (& Wegovy) Side Effects | How They Work, What They Do, And Why They Cause Issues Ozempic (which is the medication Semaglutide; and has different formulations known as Wegovy and Rybelsus) is a medication used to treat Type 2 Diabetes and has been used more recently for weight loss purposes. These medications are glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, meaning that they “mimic” natural GLP-1 to activate these GLP-1 receptors in the brain and the gastrointestinal system to promote satiety and reduced gastric emptying. However, these affects can also cause issues, including side effects (adverse effects or adverse reactions), which we discuss in this lesson. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/ozempic-rybelsus-wegovy-semaglutide-1000174?_ga=2.10078197.114312408.1692393166-1231998141.1692393164 **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Whooping Cough (Pertussis) | Transmission, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Whooping Cough (which is also known as Pertussis) is a respiratory infection caused by a gram negative bacteria known as Bordetella pertussis. Whooping cough is an especially significant condition in young infants. Clinical features of Whooping Cough occur in 3 stages and characteristic symptoms include paroxysms of severe cough and post-tussive emesis among others. In this lesson, we discuss how we become infected with Whooping Cough, important pathophysiology involving 3 toxins the bacteria produces, the clinical stages and signs and symptoms along with complications, how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Pernicious Anemia (Rare Cause of Vitamin B12 Deficiency) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition involving production of autoantibodies against the parietal cells of the stomach, which produce intrinsic factor that is required for absorption of vitamin b12. In this lesson, we discuss the risk factors, the causes, and the signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia, along with how it is diagnosed and how it is treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Rosacea Signs & Symptoms (Including Ocular Rosacea & Rhinophyma) Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory (and autoimmune) skin condition involving recurrent episodes of skin lesions on the face. Skin lesions on the face occur cyclically, with “flare ups” that occur due to exposure to some type of trigger (such as stress or sunlight exposure). A variety of skin lesions can occur in rosacea and typically depend on the age of the patient, with older patients having different types of skin lesions compared to younger patients. In this lesson, we discuss the most common types of skin lesions that occur in rosacea, and we also discuss eye involvement that occurs (which is called ocular rosacea). I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

nemia and Skin Findings (along with Nail Changes and Mouth Sores) Anemia is a condition of low red blood cells (as indicated by low hemoglobin or low hematocrit) that is caused by a wide variety of conditions, including hemolysis, hemorrhage and nutritional deficiencies. The low amount of red blood cells can lead to certain skin findings, and other important causes of anemia can also cause important findings on the skin, nails and mouth. In this lesson, we discuss the more common skin findings that we can see in anemia. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Sorbitol (Polyol) Pathway | Sugar Alcohols, Enzymes, Purpose, Diabetes & Health Problems Sorbitol Pathway (also known as the Polyol Pathway) is a metabolic pathway important in particular tissues and cell types. It is an alternative pathway for glucose use, compared to the usual metabolic pathways including glycolysis. In this lesson, we will discuss the sorbitol pathway, the important enzymes in the pathway, the purpose of the pathway and we’ll also discuss important health consequences. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Strongyloidiasis (Threadworms) | Causes, Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Strongyloidiasis (also known as Threadworms) is a relatively underreported but prevalent parasitic infection that causes dermatological, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Individuals can become infected by walking on bare feet and becoming exposed to larvae in the sand or soil. Larvae penetrate into the skin and migrate to the small intestines, where they mature into adult forms and release eggs that mature into larvae that are then excreted into the patient’s stool that is then released into the environment. In this lesson, we discuss the full in-depth overview of the pathophysiology of this condition, including the signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436024/ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Eye Stye (Hordeolum) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & At Home Treatments Eye Styes (also known as Hordeolum) are acute bacterial infections of the eyelid. There are two types of hordeolum: external and internal, both of which have different symptoms. Styes are caused by a “clogged” or “blocked” gland on the eyelid margin, leading to build of glandular product, and subsequent secondary bacterial infection. In this lesson, we discuss the most common bacterial cause, the signs and symptoms of styes, how they are diagnosed, and what you can do to treat them. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Trichomoniasis (Common STI) | Causes, Symptoms & Complications (Cancer), Diagnosis, Treatment Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is caused by infection with the parasitic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis. It is a relatively common STI, it actually being the most common non-viral STI. Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis can cause a wide variety of signs and symptoms, including vaginal discharge and vaginal odour. Trichomoniasis can also cause many complications, including reduced fertility, increased risk of other STIs and increased risk for certain cancers. In this lesson, we discuss the pathophysiology of Trichomoniasis, the signs and symptoms and why they occur, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated by clinicians. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: StatPearls (2023) - Trichomoniasis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534826/#:~:text=Trichomoniasis%20is%20an%20infection%20that,History%20of%20STIs Trichomoniasis & Prostate Cancer https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19561-2 Trichomoniasis & Cervical Cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29980111/ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Ulnar Neuropathy (& Numbness in the Hand) | Causes, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Ulnar Neuropathy (also known as Cubital tunnel syndrome) is a mononeuropathy condition (nerve condition involving one nerve) that affects the ulnar nerve in the arm. The signs and symptoms of Ulnar Neuropathy include numbness and tingling sensation in half the ring finger and the fifth finger of the hand. In this lesson, we discuss the causes of Ulnar Neuropathy, including the signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Vaginal Candidiasis (“Yeast Infection”) | Causes, Risk Factors, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Vaginal Candidiasis (also known as a Yeast Infection or Vulvovaginal candidiasis) is an infection of the vagina (and vulva) involving Candida species of fungus. A variety of factors can increase the risk of having a yeast infection, including having diabetes, being pregnant and being obese. In this lesson, we discuss the causes of this condition, including some of the pathophysiology, the risk factors that you should avoid, the signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Meralgia Paresthetica (“Numbness of the Thigh”) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Meralgia Paresthetica is a mononeuropathy (one nerve affected) condition involving pain and numbness/tingling sensations of the thigh (mostly on the side). This condition can be caused by a variety of other conditions including obesity, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. In this lesson, we discuss the pathophysiology behind why this condition occurs, along with the causes and risk factors, the signs and symptoms, and how it’s diagnosed and treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Metoprolol (& Beta Blockers) Side Effects (& Why They Occur) Metoprolol is a beta blocker used to treat hypertension, anginal chest pain, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. It, like other beta blockers, acts to inhibit or “block” the binding of catecholamines (like epinephrine and norepinephrine) to the beta 1 receptor in the heart, reducing heart rate and reducing renin release to ultimately reduce blood pressure. However, due to this mechanism, beta blockers can cause a wide variety of side effects, which we discuss in this lesson. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Conjunctivitis Signs & Symptoms (Allergic, Bacterial and Viral) & Why Symptoms Occur Pink Eye (also known as Acute Conjunctivitis) is a condition involving inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye. There are 3 types of acute conjunctivitis: allergic conjunctivitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, and viral conjunctivitis. In this lesson, we discuss these 3 types, including the signs and symptoms, associated conditions and possible complications of having Acute Conjunctivitis. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Mpox (Monkeypox) | Transmission, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Mpox (previously known as Monkeypox) is a viral infection caused by the Mpox virus, which is an orthopox virus in the same genus as Smallpox. Mpox was a relatively unknown infection until early 2022, at which time human-to-human transmission began to occur more frequently, leading to an exponential increase in number of cases. Transmission began to take place between humans, either via direct, indirect or vertical transmission. Once the Mpox virus is exposed to an individual, it uses particular membrane proteins on it’s surface to bind to and infiltrate into host cells. One of the first places it enters is the lymph nodes, and then will enter into the blood leading to the initial viremia stage of infection. The virus will eventually lead to symptoms after an approximately 4-21 day incubation period. Symptoms involve a flu-like prodromal stage of infection, with subsequent pox-like rash that occurs with vesicles and pustules. Eventually, skin lesions will resolve over the course of weeks in most patients; however, in patients with immunocompromise they can have issues with complications of Mpox, including eye issues, septicemia and encephalitis. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: StatPearls - "MPox (Monkeypox)" 2023 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574519/ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease & Infections | Immunity, Types of Infections Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern. NAFLD is estimated to affect approximately 1 in 4 globally, with rates likely to rise substantially more with the increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is caused by insulin resistance (and is associated with related conditions like Metabolic Syndrome). It is known that Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease can suppress the activity of immune cells; however, new research has demonstrated that Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is also associated with an increased risk of severe infections. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(23)00383-X/fulltext **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease) | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Osteopetrosis (also known as Marble Bone Disease) is a bone condition involving defective osteoclast functioning, leading to thickened and dense but fragile bones. There are multiple types of Osteopetrosis, including Infantile, Intermediate and Adult Onset, each of which differs in severity and symptomatology. In this lesson, we discuss the gene mutations that can cause osteopetrosis, the differences in symptoms between the different types, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123968-overview https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557529/ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Ptosis (Drooping Eyelid) | Eye Anatomy, Causes, Associated Conditions, Diagnosis & Treatment Ptosis (also known as blepharoptosis) is an ophthalmological condition involving a drooping (lowered) upper eyelid that in some cases can cause mild to severe vision impairment. In this lesson, we discuss the eye anatomy, including the important muscles involved in lifting the eyelid (the muscles that get affected in ptosis), along with the different causes and associated conditions; we also discuss how ptosis is diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546705/ https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1212082-overview **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Pica (Eating Strange Things) | Causes, Conditions, Complications, Diagnosis & Treatment Pica is an eating disorder involving craving and/or eating inedible, non-nutritive objects and materials. Pica can be associated with other conditions including iron deficiency and other deficiencies along with some psychological conditions. In this lesson, we discuss the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of pica and why it occurs; we also discuss the medical and psychological (psychiatric) conditions that are associated with it, the complications that can occur including infections, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914765-overview#a1 **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Lung Cancer Weird Signs and Symptoms | Paraneoplastic Syndromes of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer (lung carcinoma) is a cancer of lung tissue. There are multiple types of lung cancer, separated according to small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung cancer has characteristic common signs and symptoms including hemoptysis and constitutional symptoms, but different types of lung cancer can also cause weird and atypical signs and symptoms due to paraneoplastic syndromes. In this lesson, we discuss these strange and atypical symptoms that can occur in lung cancer. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ PLEASE NOTE: I made a mistake in not being specific enough when discussing paraneoplastic syndromes and Lambert-Eaton Syndrome. For instance, in the discussion of Lambert-Eaton syndrome, I should have said "the cancer is leading to the production of autoantibodies" instead of "the cancer is producing autoantibodies". Antibodies are produced by the patient's immune system, generally against components of the cancer, with some antibodies also reactive against other non-cancerous and healthy tissue. My apologies for the confusion. **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Listeriosis (Listeria Monocytogenes) | Sources of Bacteria, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Listeriosis is a condition caused by infection with the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). L. monocytogenes can be found in a variety of sources including contaminated foods like unwashed raw vegetables, uncooked/undercooked meats and processed deli meats among others. With improvements in sanitation and food inspection standards, the prevalence of this condition has been declining over the past several decades. However, smaller outbreaks can still occur, and this is important as this infection can be dangerous to patients who have compromised immune systems, including those with HIV, newborn babies, elderly patients and patients with diabetes. In this lesson, we discuss the pathophysiology by which listeria uses particular important virulence factors to invade the host, the signs and symptoms that occur in both immunocompetent patients and in patients with poor immune system functioning; we’ll also discuss how clinicians diagnose and treat this condition including ways to prevent it from occurring in the first place. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: StatPearls (2023) - Listeria Monocytogenes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534838/ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome | Causes, Pathophysiology, Signs & Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment Kluver-Bucy Syndrome (KBS) is a neurological condition due to bilateral damage to both amygdala of the brain, leading to characteristic signs and symptoms. This damage to amygdalae can be due to many factors, including herpes simplex virus encephalitis, dementia and stroke. In this lesson, we discuss what KBS is, what causes it, the signs and symptoms, how it’s diagnosed and how it’s treated. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ REFERENCES: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544221/#:~:text=Kluver%2DBucy%20syndrome%20(KBS),%2C%20visual%20agnosia%2C%20and%20amnesia. **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Diverticulitis & Diet | Foods & Beverages That Increase and Decrease Risk Diverticulitis is a gastrointestinal condition involving inflammation of diverticula in the large intestine. Diverticula are outpouchings in the wall of the large intestine due to weakened bowel wall. This weakening of the bowel wall can occur due to many factors including older age, long-term low fiber diet intake, high red meat intake over long periods, decrease exercise and smoking. In this lesson, we discuss particular diets and foods and beverages that can increase or decrease the risk of having diverticulosis, diverticulitis and other diverticular complications. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ RERERENCES: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8713340/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34619712/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8070710/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28065788/ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

Fructose Metabolism Disorders | Essential Fructosuria & Hereditary Fructose Intolerance Fructose Metabolism (also known as fructolysis) is a metabolic pathway that is used to metabolize fructose. There are particular genetic conditions that can affect the fructolysis pathway, which we discuss in this lesson. I hope you find this lesson helpful. If you do, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one! JJ **MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.