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raw leather good or bad for your dog? Rawhide chews are a popular treat for dogs. You may have heard that raw hide is good for your dog's teeth and helps with the natural instinct to chew. But are there any disadvantages to giving your dog raw hide treats? Are there other alternatives that work just as well? Here's what you need to know. Rawhide treats come from the inner layer of cow or horse hide. During manufacture, the hides are cleaned and cut or ground. They are then pressed into chewable dog treats of different shapes and sizes. To make them more appealing to dogs, some raw leather treats contain meat, chicken or liver flavors. All dogs need to chew. It is a natural instinct. Some even spend hours chewing every day. Chewing can provide stimulation to your dog and help relieve anxiety. Especially with puppies, treats like raw leather bones can be a great substitute for your leather shoes and the legs of the dining room table! Chewing also keeps dogs' jaws strong, their teeth clean, and their breath a little fresher. Dogs who regularly chew raw leather and other bones or toys have less plaque and tartar buildup on their teeth. Given the amount of raw hide consumed by dogs each year, the risks are relatively small. Still, the risks can be serious, so don't ignore them. Weigh the risks and benefits of giving raw hide based on your dog's chewing needs and behaviors. These are the most common raw leather risks:Contamination. As with pet toys, raw leather chews may contain traces of toxic chemicals. And, as with other pet (or human) foods, Salmonella or E. coli contamination is possible. Even humans can be at risk from coming into contact with these bacteria in raw leather treats , Digestive Irritation. Some dogs are simply sensitive or allergic to raw leather or other substances used in its manufacture. This can cause problems, including diarrhea, Choking or blockages. Raw hide bones and other edible chews can pose a choking and blockage risk. In fact, this is a much greater risk than contamination or digestive irritation. If your dog swallows large pieces of raw leather, the raw leather can get stuck in the esophagus or other parts of the digestive tract. If you decide to offer raw leather to your dog, you can take certain precautions to make it safer. To minimize the risk of exposure to contaminants, wash your hands thoroughly after handling these treats. Have young children and family members with immune system problems avoid handling them. To protect your dog: Ask your veterinarian about how much is safe to give your dog. The general rule of thumb is that the smaller the dog, the less chew. Especially in the beginning, give one at a time. Then wait a day to see how your dog's intestinal system responds , Separate your dog from other pets so that he can relax while chewing. In this way, your dog will be less likely to swallow large pieces whole. Doing this can be especially important if you have a dog that is very territorial around food , Offer different types of raw leather, but only when you can supervise and see how your dog is handling the treat. Are they swallowing large bites? Are they starting to choke or choke? If so, remove the treat and check with your vet about other types of raw hide or other types of treats or chew toys , Remove your dog's raw hide chew when it is small enough to swallow whole. If it is difficult to get your dog to give up the raw hide chew, try asking him to sit down and then offer another type of treat. Does your dog have a history of diarrhea or other digestive problems after chewing raw-leather treats? Or does your dog tend to swallow large pieces of raw leather, putting them at risk of blockage? If so, try alternatives to keep their teeth clean and satisfy your dog's urge to chew. Talk to your veterinarian or pet shop dealer. Describe your pet's size, personality, and needs to find out what might work best. Sometimes a hard rubber chew works well.

How long does a bitch's gestation last? Hearing about the arrival of new puppies is very special news for both the owner and the pet. At the same time, some doubts begin to arise. Among them, how long does the gestation last and what care is needed throughout this process. The ideal is to castrate the animals to avoid unwanted reproduction. However, if you want the offspring, the most important thing is to know the particularities of this delicate period and ensure the health of both the future mother and the babies. After all, canine pregnancy is a beautiful and wonderful moment, since new lives are being created and, soon, will live among the guardian. Therefore, all care is not enough. To help you better understand how to make your pregnant dog comfortable during the months of pregnancy, we have prepared the content below. Take a look! While the human gestation lasts a long 9 months, the gestation of a female dog is much faster: on average, it lasts 63 days (can vary from 58 to 68 days), regardless of the breed or size of the dog. One of the ways to know if the female dog is pregnant is by paying attention to the animal's habits. The pregnant female usually presents appetite reduction, breast swelling and behavior changes. As these are very general signs and difficult to be noticed, if you observe something unusual in your pet, the ideal is to take it to a veterinarian. Thus, it is possible to rule out other alterations, such as psychological pregnancy, breast tumors, and infection of the uterus. Now, if you are in doubt about dog pregnancy, we can help you! To confirm the pregnancy, you must count 21 days from the moment the mating took place and fertilization may have occurred. In this way, from the third week of gestation on, you can ask the vet for an abdominal ultrasound. This way you can be sure that your furry companion is carrying some puppies in her belly. For the female dog to have a peaceful gestation, it is necessary to be in good health. For this reason, one of the first precautions to be taken during the puppy's pregnancy is to make an appointment with a veterinarian. In the veterinary clinic, the professional will perform a physical examination, check vaccines and deworming, in addition to ordering blood tests, if necessary. Thus, the check-up will be complete, certifying the health of your pet and the puppies. It is very important to monitor the canine pregnancy every week, with visits to the veterinarian. This way, it is possible to take care of any problems that may arise. "Prenatal care includes an ultrasound examination (at 21 days), which assesses the viability of the fetuses, and radiography (at 47 days of gestation), which allows us to know how many puppies there are and in what position they are", explains Dr. Karina Mussolino, a veterinarian. The pregnant woman's health status must be monitored during the consultations. The exams may lead the veterinarian to recommend a c-section, if the babies are not positioned or if there are signs of fetal distress. To contribute to the good health of the female and the puppies, offer the pregnant woman only good quality food, such as super premium food, which ensures greater absorption of nutrients. However, remember that the change of feed should be done with professional guidance and gradually to avoid gastrointestinal problems. Thus, everyone wins, since your companion in the animal kingdom will have an upgrade in nutrition, right? As the pregnancy progresses, the bitch is likely to feel more tired. Therefore, although walks are recommended, they should be shorter and slower, always offering water along the way. Hygiene is also very important during gestation. Thus, baths are also fundamental, but they must be given carefully and, especially, without stress. In fact, trying to avoid stressful situations is very important for the safety of the pregnancy, especially in the last weeks. This is because everything that the bitch goes through can affect the puppies. According to Dr. Karina, the best is to provide the female with a comfortable bed, in a clean, quiet and warm environment. This way, you guarantee a suitable place for her to concentrate on the birth, when the time comes.

Does aggressiveness depend on the breed? Why are some breeds more aggressive than others? Why is a dog aggressive? Are there docile pit bulls? These are some questions that we ask ourselves from time to time. This article will clarify for you about aggressiveness and why some breeds are more aggressive than others. In recent years, studies on animal behavior have intensified. With the boom in news about dog attacks on people, pit bull attacks and even dog attacks against their owners, a lot of research has been done on dog aggressiveness. According to researchers, canine aggressiveness is related to different factors, ranging from those linked to the environment to those related to the biological characteristics of animals (present in the breed). Nikolaas Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz are references in studies on animal behavior. Lorenz stressed in 1963, in his book "On Aggression", that aggression in animals has a positive role for the survival of the species, in maintaining the territory. Veterinarian Hannelore Fuchs says that there are several "types" of aggression, several factors that can trigger an aggressive act. A simpler way to list the types of aggression from a biological point of view, is through the categories presented in a book by the Association of Companion Animal Behaviour Counselors (APBC Book of Companion Animal Behaviour): aggression related to the possession of resources (necessary for survival), aggression due to fear, aggression resulting from a physical cause. At the same time, Hannelore affirms that this classification does not collaborate much to understand specific cases, when a dog attacks a person. Veterinarian Mauro Lantzman says that aggression must always be understood in the specific context of its occurrence. According to him, aggression is present in several behaviors and, therefore, should not be understood as a behavior in itself, but as part or component of several behaviors: "There is aggression to protect the territory, or the puppies, at the time of hunting, pain, fear. In this sense, to say that a dog is aggressive in general terms means absolutely nothing. It is necessary to understand when or in which situations the dog is aggressive. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the case individually, in order to address this aggressiveness", says Lantzman. The doctor adds that the care with the dog can also make it aggressive as, for example, when it is stimulated to be aggressive with other dogs, suffers privations, mistreatments or when it is not adequately socialized and lives a little with people. It is complicated to expect that a dog that has been living for 2 years in a kennel, receiving food through a grill, is docile, friendly and kind to humans. Rottweiler is aggressiveAccording to both experts, there are breeds that are considered more aggressive than others, such as pit bull, Argentine dogo, or rottweiler. However, aggressiveness cannot be attributed to the breed alone. Hannelore says that there is a genetic predisposition artificially obtained through crossbreeding, that is, dogs of the same or different breeds, with a more aggressive tendency, reproduce generating dogs that are also aggressive. "They are, therefore, genetically prone to aggression. They are animals selected to react in specific ways in certain situations," she says. Lantzman adds to this explanation the idea that there are breeds, for example, selected to be guard dogs, but which have a more stable aggressiveness because they are older, such as the rottweiler, and others that are less stable and more recent, such as the pit bull. Monica Grimaldi, a lawyer specialized in causes involving animals and dog breeder, says that the rottweiler breed has existed for more than two thousand years and was used as a draft animal, being more recently directed to be a guard animal. Hannelore says that the selection of animals has been made by man for a long time, not only in relation to aggressiveness, to obtain guard dogs for protection, but also for other characteristics such as docility, passivity, or sociability. This panorama does not mean, therefore, that among the breeds considered more aggressive there are no docile individuals. "It has been common to find dogs of breeds such as labrador, poodle, and cocker spaniel that are more aggressive, due to an error in the crossbreeding between animals with this predominant characteristic", says Lantzman, highlighting that different from what occurs in European countries there is no type of control over the crossbreeding or the development of more aggressive breeds. For Grimaldi, there is also a marketing issue involved in this, because there is more demand for aggressive dogs nowadays, for safety reasons, and not very responsible breeders cross animals with this purpose, including for dogfighting, an illegal practice in the country.

CARE WHEN TAKING THE DOG FOR A WALK ON HOT DAYS. Does your dog love to go for daily walks? Then you need to check out the care you need to take your dog for a walk on hot days! Taking your dog for frequent walks increases the chance of reaching the standard minimum recommendation of 150 minutes of exercise per week, and is very good for your pet. However, care must be taken on excessively hot days. When the temperature exceeds 22°C, your attention needs to be redoubled, avoiding sunburn, paw injuries, and thermal shock to your dog. Therefore, for the ride to be pleasant for both, check here 5 tips to ensure a healthy and fun ride with your four-legged friend! Prefer to take the dog for a walk in the less hot hours of the day, i.e. in the early morning or late afternoon. Thus, avoid going out between 10 AM and 3 PM. This is because during this period the sun is strongest and so the ground gets very hot. For example, on days when the temperature is around 25 °C, the asphalt can reach 52 °C. With such a high value, burns occur in just 60 minutes. So, to avoid burning your puppy's paws, use the 40-second technique. That is, press the palm of your hand against the ground during this time and if you can keep it there, then your pet will have no problem walking. However, it is important to remember that puppies' paws cannot withstand temperatures as much as those of adult dogs. So, be even more attentive in this case. Prefer walks in the shade, with lots of trees and grass. Since puppies do not have sweat glands to release heat, they sweat through saliva and thus take longer to decrease their body temperature. There is no way, drinking water is important in any season for all kinds of living beings. But in the summer, even more so. Therefore, try to keep your dog hydrated throughout the day. Before going out for a walk, make sure he isn't thirsty, offer him fresh water, and if it's cold, even better. If he does not want to take it, gently wet the head, neck and chest of the animal. In addition, carry a small bottle of water during the walk. There are models suitable for dogs and portable drinking fountain models. Thus, offer it whenever you notice that your dog is very breathless, with his tongue hanging out. It is worth remembering that your puppy may also like to drink coconut water, or other juice that has no sugar. After all, he also deserves to stop and enjoy a different drink in this heat, doesn't he? A dog's coat protects his skin from sunburn, but it also acts as thermal insulator. Thus, too much hair can raise a puppy's temperature. Even so, never groom all the hair, completely shaved or close to the skin. The ideal is to keep the hair short, clean and well brushed. Although it may not be aesthetically pleasing, it is the one that works best in the summer. However, as the hair protects the animal, some breeds need hygienic grooming for the summer. Therefore, consult your veterinarian for advice on this issue. That's right, dogs also need sunscreen. However, this measure is more recommended for animals with white coats or light mucous membranes. In addition, the sunscreen needs to be specific for veterinary use and, therefore, just apply it on the places of the body with less hair and more exposed, such as ears, snouts and around the eyes. It is worth pointing out that sunscreen protects your puppy from sunburn as well as from some types of dermatitis and serious diseases such as skin cancer. On hot days, dogs need to go for walks too. But take it easy on the journey, some breeds require a longer walk to spend energy. While others are calmer and more sensitive, requiring more care. For example, dogs of brachycephalic breeds, i.e., those that have flat snouts, such as: pug, bulldog, boxer, shih-tzu and lhasa apso, because of their anatomy, suffer more from high temperatures, presenting greater difficulties to breathe. Therefore, avoid long walks and prefer wooded parks, with grass and plenty of shade. If you need to walk on hot streets or asphalt, take the dog on your lap during the stretch. The excessive heat affects everyone, but especially the dog. Therefore, when taking the dog for a walk on hot days, be very aware of your pet's behavior and know the right time to stop. This way, it is enough to observe the animal's body language to identify if he is suffering a lot with the heat. Although this form of expression varies from one dog to another.

At how old can a puppy be bathed? Can you bathe puppies at 40 days or less? What is the best way to clean the peludinhos in the first months of life? If you are a first-time pet parent, you have certainly had doubts like these when it comes to bathing puppies. After all, as is known, these animals still have a fragile and sensitive body during the first weeks, requiring much more attention and care. So if you want to know how long you can bathe a puppy and what care is needed at these times, there is nothing more to worry about. We have gathered below the main information on the subject so that there is no mistake when it's time to bathe your doguinho! The most recommended bath in puppies only happens after the animal is at least two months old (in some cases, up to three). As immunity is still very low in the first weeks, it is important that the puppies have had all their puppy vaccinations and are in good health before being bathed. This helps to avoid exposure against various diseases that can strike the pet. In addition, the skin of dogs is still very fragile and sensitive early in life, so that contact with some hygiene products - such as shampoo and conditioner - may cause some discomfort. If there is some kind of clinical indication, the bath in dogs can happen a little earlier than planned, provided that all the guidelines passed by the veterinarian are respected. But, in general, the ideal is that the puppies are cleaned with wet wipes or a wet cloth for the first two or three months. Can I bathe a puppy in the pet shop? Yes, you can, but as already mentioned, the puppy must complete the vaccination scheme first before beginning this type of care. As in pet shops, dogs have contact with several other animals, they are much more vulnerable and prone to contracting some disease if they are not protected with the vaccine. On the other hand, it is necessary to think that in pet shops the baths are usually very well cleaned and sterilized to receive the furry ones. But at home, the care will hardly be the same - and that is why many guardians prefer to wait the right months and vaccination to start bathing the puppy in specialized places, such as pet shops. As the puppy grows up, it is not a problem to bathe him at home. Now that you know how soon you can bathe a puppy, it is time to understand how to do it the right way. Puppies require a lot of care, and it is important to pay attention to this when cleaning them. Here are some tips: The water temperature should always be warm (it can't be too cold or too hot), Use specific products for puppies, Observe the animal's reaction throughout the process and avoid leaving him stressed, The positive association with treats and toys is a great ally to get the dog used to the bath, Never throw water directly on the pet's head, as it may end up entering the ear or nose, Pay attention to the frequency of the dog bath: the intervals between one and another should be at least 15 to 30 days , Do not forget to dry the puppy properly after the bath (you can use a hair dryer for this) , When using the dryer, the temperature should always be cold during drying.

PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR DOGS AND CATS. Pets can develop joint diseases or simple locomotion difficulties for several reasons - advanced age, overweight, trauma, among many others. In these cases, the veterinarian will indicate appropriate therapies for pain control and to help in rehabilitation. Physiotherapy for dogs and cats is one of the main recommendations in many of the situations. Physiotherapy is a medical specialty that treats and prevents disorders related to body movements - both in humans and in pets. Its goal is to restore functional capacity, control the pain that these changes cause, and thus improve the quality of life of patients. Physiotherapy may be recommended for pets as one of the treatments for joint diseases - which are very common in dogs and cats. Most of these animals will present such conditions when they are elderly. In these cases, physiotherapy for dogs and cats is indicated as a way to prevent the evolution of these dysfunctions, which are chronic, progressive, and debilitating. In addition, the veterinarian may also suggest this therapy in a preventive way or during the recovery process of a surgical intervention. It is up to the professional to define which of the physiotherapeutic modalities are more indicated in each situation. There are several modalities of physiotherapy for dogs and cats! They can be applied according to the specific case of the animal. The main ones are: Kinesiotherapy - involves a series of therapeutic exercises performed with items such as balls, balance boards and obstacle courses, Hydrotherapy - is performed in the water, which reduces the impact on joints and facilitates the movement of pets, Electrotherapy - consists of applying electrical currents in the location of the dysfunction, helping to strengthen the muscle and treat pain, Massotherapy - uses massage to stimulate blood circulation in the affected region. To know which therapeutic modality is the most suitable for your pet, it is essential to visit a specialist, since physiotherapy for dogs and cats is only one of the treatments recommended in different cases of joint or neurological injuries, such as degenerative joint disease, intervertebral disc disease, Wobbler's syndrome, among others. In the case of degenerative joint disease, for example, the joints begin to lose natural components that are important for fulfilling their cushioning function. The loss of such components results in joint damage and inflammation, which starts a process of pain that tends to chronify, being important a constant and thorough monitoring by the veterinarian. For this reason, in addition to physical therapy, it may also be essential to associate chondroprotective medication, which will replace these essential elements for the maintenance and proper functioning of the joints.

What is required to travel with a dog on the bus? Do you need to take a bus trip and want to take your dog with you? Don't worry. Some details need to be thought through in advance. Include in your preparations for the trip the need to find out everything you need to know about traveling with a dog on a bus. Traveling with a dog on a bus can be a pleasant or a very bad experience, it's up to you. First of all, you need to think about the route that will be taken and how to ensure comfort for him on the way. Check out some questions that need to be taken into account before traveling: If he has already traveled, how did he react? Does he get stressed by the presence of strangers? does he like to stay in the carrier? how does he act when he is in strange places? Once all these questions have been answered, the second step is to think about how the dog will be fed and how he will make the physiological needs in case of a long trip. Not to mention that it is of paramount importance that the animal has the phone number and the owner's name identified on the collar. Another point that needs to be considered is the type of carrier that is ideal for the trip. It is essential that it be of a size that allows comfort for the animal, that it does not leak residues of urine or feces and that it is easy to clean. The care with the pet also includes choosing what to take on a trip. After all, he will need to adapt to the new place, even if it is only for a few days. For this, it is important to think about everything, such as the pet's favorite toy and the food it eats. To help you in this process, we made a list of things you will need when traveling with your dog. Use this list as a guideline to check in everything you're taking when the day of travel draws near. Check it out: bed and blankets for the cold, collar (with identification and your contact for emergency) and the lead for walking, pots for water and food, hygienic mats or newspapers for the dog to make the needs, medicines he takes, contact his veterinarian, in case of emergency. It is worth searching addresses of clinics near where you will stay, vaccination cards and deworming to prove the good health of the pet. Check out some rules stipulated by the National Land Transport Agency (ANTT) for traveling with a dog on a bus. These are general guidelines that will allow a peaceful and safe trip for you and your four-legged friend. To travel with a dog on interstate buses it is mandatory to present the Health Certificate for Transit of Dogs and Cats. The document is provided by the veterinarian, who must be accredited to the Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine in your region. It is important that it has been issued at least 10 days before the trip. To travel with a dog on a bus, the passenger must present the animal's vaccination card up to date, especially with the sign that it has taken the anti-rabies vaccine. Only small dogs are accepted on travel buses. The reason is to ensure that the comfort and safety of passengers are preserved. These are some rules that the ANTT suggests so that the trip is safe and quiet for everyone. However, each bus company has its own rules regarding the transport of animals. Therefore, you must contact the company that sold you the ticket to find out if you can travel with a dog on the bus and what the requirements are. Do this as soon as possible so that nothing is forgotten. For example, some companies require that dogs are sedated during the trip. In these cases, a veterinarian should be requested to advise on the ideal medication for your pet and the dosage that should be administered. Another requirement they usually make is that the animal must travel in a carrier on the side seat and, for this, it will be necessary to buy an additional ticket. All the more reason for you to contact the company as soon as possible, isn't it? It may also be mandatory for the guardian to sign a term of responsibility, assuming the risks that threaten the animal during the trip. Another point that varies from company to company is the amount of animals that can be transported on the trip. Now that you know that traveling with a dog on a bus requires planning, take advantage of our tips and start organizing yourself now.

Transporting animals by air. If it only depended on our will, pets would go everywhere with us! The problem is that services and facilities are not always prepared to receive them. When traveling, for example, apart from the difficulty of finding a hotel, there is also the fear of transporting animals by air. The fear is understandable and, because of it, many owners choose to leave their four-legged friends on dry land. For those who are thinking of traveling with their pets but haven't had the courage yet, the good news is that it is possible to transport animals safely by air. Remember that the rules mentioned here are not the same for when you need to travel with a guide dog or an emotional support animal. Some may converge, but national and international legislation, as well as airline requirements, are different in these cases. If you plan to take your pet with you on your next plane trip, you should be aware of the necessary precautions. It is very important to know the procedure for buying tickets for air travel with pets. Also, pay attention to much more than just the flight schedule. Before starting the search for tickets, check which companies perform the air transport of animals and what are the conditions (weight, size of the box and place where the pet will be transported) ,In the case of dogs and cats, if possible, give preference to companies that allow the pet to go in the cabin with you, where you can observe him and convey security to him ,The weight limit (sum of the weight of the pet and the box) allowed in the cabin varies by company. If you exceed the weight limit allowed in the cabin, dogs and cats can also be transported in the cargo compartment or in a special compartment for pets, depending on the company. In this case, there is also a weight limit according to each company. Remember that it is not allowed to transport animals on connecting flights where there is a change of company, After purchasing the ticket, the pet's seat should be "reserved" as soon as possible, since there is a limit per flight - usually three dogs or cats, When choosing seats, keep in mind that you can not stay with your pet in the front row or the emergency exits. Airlines also charge for transporting pets in the cabin and in special compartments. Don't forget to check the fare at the time of purchase to avoid surprises. Even if your friend is used to being held on your lap, he or she must remain in an animal transport crate during the entire flight. At the time of choice, in addition to taking into account the welfare of the pet, you must consider the recommendations of the companies. Here are some tips. Each airline has a limit to the size of the crates that will go both in the cabin and in the special compartments. Always check this information ,To be accepted, the crate must be rigid, have ventilation, be made of resistant material (fiber or plastic) and waterproof, in perfect condition, and very clean ,Flexible crates are also accepted by some airlines for flights in the cabin. In this case, the fabric must always be waterproof. It must be resistant to prevent accidental opening, Never use boxes with wheels on airplanes. Besides being dangerous, they are not allowed by the airlines, In the case of dogs and cats, the ideal size of the box is the one in which the pet can stand up and turn around 360° on itself, If you notice that the ideal size of the box will exceed the established limit, do not even think about choosing a smaller one. Besides being checked by the companies, a box that does not allow movement can bring serious harm to the pet, too big boxes are also not recommended, since they do not give stability and can hurt the animal, There are specific boxes for air transport of birds, rodents, reptiles and other animals. Check the recommendations of each company. As for what should be placed in the carrier, Dr. Karina Mussolino, a veterinarian, says that it depends a lot on the length of the trip. However, water should always be available. Just as we need specific documentation to travel, the boarding of pets also depends on the presentation of certain documents and certificates. Check out everything you'll need to board your friend on domestic and international flights below. For interstate/domestic pet transportation. Vaccination card with proof of anti-rabies vaccination applied more than 30 days and less than 1 year ago, Health Certificate issued by a veterinarian up to 10 days before the trip, ensuring that the pet is healthy and in good condition to travel. For international air transport of animals. Vaccination card with proof of anti-rabies vaccine applied more than 30 days and less than 1 year, Health Certificate issued by a veterinarian within 10 days before travel, International Veterinary Certificate (CVI) valid for 60 calendar days after issuance (for South America), International Animal Health Certificate (CZI) valid for 60 calendar days after issuance, health certificate issued by a veterinarian within 10 days before issuance of the CVI, ensuring that the pet is healthy. It is worth pointing out that this is only the documentation required by airlines for boarding in Brazil. In the case of international flights, in addition to this, it is necessary to check the conditions for the entry of the pet in the country of destination, which can be seen on the site of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, where you can also request the CVI.

Deaf puppy: what is it like to live with a dog that can't hear? Many people think that having a deaf dog is a difficult task. As the dog's hearing - one of its main senses - is impaired, changes in routine and treatment are necessary for a good coexistence. A dog's hearing is one of the most acute senses. Do you know how many times more the dog hears in relation to humans? While we pick up sounds that reach 20,000 Hz, the dog's hearing picks up as much as 60,000 Hz! The dog's ear works like this: the vibrations of sound enter the ear, pass through the middle ear, and reach the inner ear, where these vibrations are perceived and the sound is formed, allowing the dog to hear. A deaf dog cannot pick up these vibrations. Deafness in dogs can be congenital - it is born with the dog - or acquired - developed over a lifetime by factors such as disease (distemper, for example), infections (such as otitis) and aging (canine hearing is lost with age). The hearing of a deaf dog may pick up few sounds (partial deafness) or no sounds (total deafness). In addition, deafness can be unilateral (only in one dog's ear) or bilateral (in both ears). The signs of deafness in a puppy vary depending on its origin. Usually, the deaf dog becomes unresponsive and interacts less. Some owners even think that the dog is being rude, but in fact he just is not hearing you call. It is common that the deaf dog also begins to sleep more. Check out some signs of deafness in dogs: Lack of response to commands, Less interaction, Shaking his head frequently, Pain and black wax in the dog's ear, Loss of balance, Dog turning his head to both sides several times (sign of unilateral deafness), Puppies that are slow to learn basic things (because they are not hearing). To learn how to know if the dog is deaf, perform a test at home: with the dog on his back, make a noise like shaking the food pot. This sound does not produce many vibrations. So if the dog does not turn at the noise, he may be deaf. Take him to the veterinarian to perform the test that accurately determines deafness in dogs to confirm the diagnosis. Methods that use visual stimuli work well. When calling the dog, point the light from a laser torch at a nearby wall a few times. With repetition and reinforcement, he will understand that this is a way for you to call him. Just be careful that the light does not come in direct contact with the dog's eye. At night you can turn the light switch on and off to get his attention or use a flashlight. If you are in close proximity to the dog, it is worth creating a specific touch on the animal's body that he will associate with your name. Even without dog hearing, deaf animals can be trained. Deaf dogs learn to paw, sit, and even fetch a ball. Instead of voice commands, visual commands are used. The laser attracts the animal, so it is great to show where he should go to get the ball and point to the bathroom, for example. Visual gestures are easy for dogs to understand and can be combined with light. For example: when the pet understands the gesture that means "sit" and successfully performs the command, point the light to his hand with his paw to signal that he got it right. In addition, always reward with treats. Positive reinforcement and repetition are essential in training a deaf dog. Although you can have a special touch to get his attention, you should avoid touching a deaf dog. Since he doesn't have canine hearing, the animal doesn't realize when someone is approaching. If someone touches him out of the blue, the deaf dog will get scared. Therefore, it is important to respect his space. If you are with other people, always make it clear that your dog is deaf and, therefore, you should not touch him. The dog collar is an essential accessory for any dog. For a deaf dog, it is even more important. Using the collar with an identification plate on walks is a way to ensure that someone can contact you if the pet gets lost. Write on it that it is a deaf dog so that whoever finds him knows this information. Some owners like to put a little bell on the deaf dog's collar to help locate him more easily. Taking walks with the deaf dog is fundamental, but always supervise. The puppy's lack of hearing allows other senses such as smell and sight to be even more acute. The use of interactive toys helps the pet to stimulate his cognitive skills in a fun way. Despite some differences in the coexistence with the deaf dog, know that, like any dog, he also barks. The dog bark is more than just a sound: it is a form of communication and a natural reaction of the pet. Therefore, even without the canine hearing, he is able to bark whenever he is excited, angry, frustrated or happy.

Learn all about puppy training! When we get a puppy in our lives, some basic care is already expected. This is the case with feeding, vaccinations, vet appointments, and even the need for daily walks. When it comes to training, however, the practice is considered optional by many owners. It is normal for people to have the idea that dog training is only welcome if the pet develops inappropriate habits. Still, many guardians wait until the behavior becomes quite serious and irreversible before taking action. However, training goes far beyond correcting dog behavior. It provides a number of benefits for the relationship between the dog and its owner. Below, learn more about the subject and discover all the advantages of training dogs. On the one hand, many people associate the term "training" with the teaching of tricks for the dog, such as sitting, lying down, rolling over, among others. On the other hand, there are those who think of the practice as a way to correct certain habits and personality traits of pets. Be aware that both perceptions are correct! This is because, in fact, the technique used to teach pets through training, routine and reinforcement is called training. So, it doesn't matter if you are teaching your dog to paw or to stop jumping at people when they come to your house: both cases fit the practice of dog training. Can be done by the owner himself (in some cases), teaching tricks is great for entertaining and bonding with the dog. In addition, dog training ends up being a great way to avoid anxiety and stress in the animals This practice is also fundamental so that the dog can discern right from wrong. Thus, you and your furry can live in harmony, since he will no longer perform many inappropriate actions. Not to mention that a trained pet socializes much more easily. Another advantage of training concerns serious behavior problems. When a dog becomes aggressive, for example, the need for training is quite evident. It is worth emphasizing that it is very important to teach your pet from an early age. After all, this will make the little animal learn what should and should not be done early on. However, with a lot of affection and patience, older dogs can also be taught. Basic Training: This is the best known method, and is used by almost all owners. The teachings consist in making the pet respond to some basic commands such as sit, lie down, paw, among others. Training for show pets: Using this technique, dogs are trained to perform various tricks, run agility circuits, and even march in predetermined ways. The main objective is to meet the requirements of fairs, exhibitions and dog competitions. Training for guide dogs: This type of training consists in educating dogs so that they can guide people with visual impairment. In this way, the animals learn to avoid obstacles and guide their owners through the streets. Agility training: This technique is applied to sport dogs. Through it, the animals learn to jump over obstacles, pick up objects, and go through circuits of speed. It is widely used among agility practitioners. There are still other types of training, such as guarding or even rescue. It is worth pointing out, however, that many of these methods should only be performed by a professional dog trainer. There is no doubt that dogs are extremely intelligent animals. The problem with training often lies in the way in which it is taught. Among the most recommended methods is positive reinforcement. This technique consists in rewarding the pet, especially with treats and petting, whenever he attends to our commands in the expected way, i.e., nothing to punish the dog when he does something wrong. Thus, while punishments teach pets only what should not be done, rewards indicate what is expected of them. Besides the training experience not becoming traumatic, positive reinforcement also improves the owner's relationship with the animals. Now that you know more about dog training, it's time to teach your dog some tricks. Just remember to consult a professional whenever necessary

Destructive Puppy: What to do to reverse the situation. Living with a dog is a very pleasurable experience, but it can also come with some frustrations. Want an example? Except when the pet is still a puppy, few owners can keep the calm when a destructive dog finishes with a new toy in minutes. At such times, many of us tend to lose our patience and blame the destructive dog for what happened. But, as with all unwanted behavior, we must evaluate what we are doing (or not doing) to solve the problem. A frequent complaint among dog owners is that the pet destroys whatever it finds in front of it. As the behavior is usually manifested with more intensity whenever the owners are not at home, many think it is a tantrum or "revenge" of the dog for being left alone, but this is not true. No doubt, chewing and untangling are natural behaviors for dogs, but they are not the only ones, nor the most important ones. It's just that dogs that live in confined spaces often have little or no stimulation to express these and other natural behaviors. Thus, they end up directing their energy to the only activity possible in these conditions, which is to gnaw on the objects present in the house. In other words, what for us is interpreted as unwanted destructive behavior is actually an escape valve. Every dog that has a routine poor in stimuli adequate to the species is a great candidate to present destructive dog behavior and other unwanted reactions, such as excessive vocalizations. However, besides the quality of life, other factors can influence the dog to like to chew. Therefore, if you want to avoid that the dog destroys mattress or various objects in the environment, it is important to identify these factors. In general, dogs of breeds originally selected for hunting like to "peel" and destroy objects more than the companion dogs. In this sense, it is worth remembering that some companion dogs are actually great hunters, such as the Yorkshire Terrier and the Dachshund. Another factor that influences this behavior is the age range of the dog. Curious enough, puppies tend to have a greater need to chew than older dogs. Even because, during the teeth changing phase, which usually occurs after four months, chewing helps to relieve the discomfort in the gums. The behavior of the destructive dog is usually due to a routine poor in stimuli, serving as an escape valve. Therefore, if your four-legged friend has shown to be a great destroyer, it is not recommended to fight with him, nor keep him away from all the objects that can be chewed. This is because, by taking this attitude, you remove the only alternative that the dog has, which can promote even more harmful behaviors, such as excessive licking of the paws, which can cause hair loss and injuries in the region. However, it is recommended to remove dangerous objects for the pet or that have too much value for you until the problem is solved efficiently and properly. If your dog destroys the bed, it may be a sign of this behavior. Therefore, instead of scolding him, it is interesting to consult a specialist in canine behavior to better understand what the needs of your friend are, adapting the house and his routine to meet them. In general, one of the main measures adopted to reverse the situation is to enrich the environment with resources, so that the pet has the opportunity to exercise natural behaviors. Acquiring a bed for a destructive dog may be necessary. Bet on different toys, such as toy feeders, solid balls, teethers, and plush for destructive dogs that emit sounds developed specifically for dogs. In addition, it is essential to take the time to interact with the pet daily, as well as to walk him every day. It is important to know that the use of toys should not be forced on dogs: they must choose what they want to be entertained with. However, you can direct their use to a certain extent, for example, by not serving them their food in a regular feeder and putting it in a toy feeder before they leave the house. Far from being something trivial or that the pet does out of a tantrum, the destructive dog's behavior is usually a cry for help, that is, an indication that his routine is inadequate and the animal's quality of life is not good. Not enough that, the destructive behavior resulting from emotional problems can end up becoming a physical health issue as the destructive dogs are more likely to bite dangerous objects and ingest small parts, which can cause dental fractures and intestinal obstruction. To ensure safety, teethers should always be larger than the dog's jaw.

Have you ever heard of a community dog? Find out what it is! Not every furry little guy you see on the street is abandoned. In fact, he may be a community dog. In some cases, when a pet appears in a neighborhood, he is quickly adopted, but, in others, he conquers the entire neighborhood, which starts to take care of him and leaves him free to roam the surroundings. The community dog is provided for by law and cannot be collected by the CCZ (Zoonosis Control Center). Even if no one can adopt him and take him home, one of the neighbors can become the legal guardian, keeping the little dog around the neighborhood. This term is not yet so well known, although in practice it is already adopted in many places. Come learn more about this subject and get all the details about community adoption! Even though it is a very old practice, many people don't even know that it has a name and even a law, present in several states, such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Rio Grande do Sul. Each state has its own legislation, but some principles are followed by all. According to the São Paulo state's community dog law nº 12.916/2008, the definition of what a community dog is is the following: "one that establishes dependency and maintenance bonds with the community in which it lives, although it does not have a single and defined guardian". However, even if the puppy does not have a single guardian, by law, he must have a guardian who is the primary caregiver and guardian. Also according to the community dog law, the guardian can register the pet and neuter it for free at the city hall. In some states, all those responsible for the community dog receive a credential from the city hall to be identified as the dog's caretakers. In other places, only one person must be registered as such. Besides being the pet of the entire neighborhood, the community dog may be responsible for performing some activities. According to the recommendations of the Zoonosis Control Center of São Paulo, he can protect the entire community in which he is inserted from unknown and even aggressive dogs. The puppy can also be trained and even trained, but this is a criterion that should be discussed in the community he belongs to. However, this is a very important recommendation for neither he nor the community to be in danger. In case of aggression and bite with a proven victim, he can be denounced as an aggressor dog and must undergo an evaluation. In this case, to open a request, the victim must get a certificate in the service unit in which she was attended, proving the aggression. In some municipalities, dogs and cats are required to have the General Animal Registration (RGA). The document serves as identification and control, and is a measure to facilitate searches in case of loss of the animal. To register the community dog, it is recommended to seek information at the city hall. In general, the following documents are required CPF, RG ,proof of residence of the municipality , certificate of vaccination of the dog against rabies of up to 12 months (in most cities there is free vaccination for dogs, which can be performed in permanent posts or during campaigns). The presence of the animal is not mandatory in the registration process of the community dog, but it is worth asking beforehand. In São Paulo, the term is required to participate in free castration. To do so, just bring the documents mentioned above. After that, register the puppy and ask for the castration referral term to be issued. The clinic hired to perform such procedure can be chosen by the main guardian, who must be responsible for the scheduling and for the transportation on the day of the surgery. You must always remember that a community dog is not abandoned. Some cities adopt the project to care for animals that live on the streets, but this does not mean that this pet is not loved and cared for. The only difference is that he has several families that take care of him. To care for a community dog, the neighborhood must provide shelter, food, clean water, and all the care to keep the puppy healthy. It is also important that he wears a collar or tag with identification and is always under the supervision of the caretakers. Abandoning animals is a federal crime, which can lead to detention and the payment of a fine. If you find a pet in this condition, it is recommended to remove it from

What are the possible post-castration complications? Although many professionals claim that castration is a relatively simple surgical procedure, post-castration complications can occur in varying degrees of seriousness. Some complications of castration can be avoided by choosing a quality veterinary facility and the dog owner following the before and after surgery recommendations. We talked with Dr. Juliana Sanz, veterinarian, about the main measures to ensure the success of the operation. She explains what are some of the possible post-castration complications in the dog and what to do in case of problems. Although it is a simple procedure, it must be performed safely. For this, pre-operative care is essential. They start with the consultation with the surgeon, who evaluates the furry to request the most appropriate tests for him. The castration of dogs and cats is a relatively simple and quite safe surgery. However, as Dr. Juliana explains, "as with any surgical or anesthetic procedure, it may involve some risk. The preoperative exams guarantee a good anesthesia safety, once the kidney, liver and, mainly, the heart are evaluated regarding functions and anatomical structures. "The castration may not be recommended when the pet has some pre-existing disease that brings risks to his health. In this case, first, the dog must be treated to undergo the procedure later", he warns. If the pet is able to undergo the surgery, other essential precautions to reduce the complications of anesthesia are the water and food fasting. The time required varies according to the age and weight of the animal. Still according to Dr. Juliana, another measure that contributes to avoid post-castration complications in bitches and males is to perform the surgical procedure with inhalation anesthesia. It is more modern and safer than injectable anesthetics. "It is considered safer because it provides the pet with the necessary dose of anesthetic, according to the time and the individual's own variation," says the veterinarian. With the inhalation anesthesia, the return is faster. The veterinarian completes, saying: "even, in case there is some intercurrence during the procedure, the team can interrupt at the same moment, increasing the chance of reversing the picture. With the injectable, this is impossible. Fortunately, the intercurrences during the castration surgery are not very frequent, but the internal hemorrhage after the castration, the reactions to the anesthetic and the cardiorespiratory arrest can happen. The most common complications right after surgery are those related to malaise caused by anesthesia. Even using inhalation anesthesia, some pets may experience lack of appetite, cravings, and vomiting. Pain and stitch inflammation are post-castration complications that can also occur as part of the surgical and healing process. Therefore, it is important to administer the prescribed medications correctly. Persistent inflammation of the stitches can occur when the animal licks the surgical wound. To avoid this, the Elizabethan collar or surgical dressing is indicated and should be worn. "Signs that something may have gone wrong in the procedure are changes in the patient's temperature, vomiting, spots on the abdomen, and bleeding. In case of any sign or doubt, the ideal is to look for a veterinarian," says Dr. Juliana. In females, both canine and feline, the castration surgery is more complex than in males, because it is necessary to enter the abdomen to perform the surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus. With this, they have no more estrus or bleeding. In males, on the other hand, the surgery is simpler. In their castration, the testicles, which are located in the scrotum, are surgically removed. Therefore, for the surgical access, it is not necessary to open the animal's abdomen. An estimated 20% of medium to large sized females may develop post-castration urinary incontinence, mainly at night. The most accepted cause is the abrupt drop in estrogens, as pets treated with estrogen analogues become continent again.

Why does the dog follow its master? To have a puppy is to have a true companion. Those who own pets know that some animals follow their partners everywhere. But why does the dog often follow its owner? To explain this attitude, we prepared this content, which brings some information that can help you understand a dog following its owner. Keep following and understand! This is a dog behavior that draws attention, but it is nothing out of the ordinary. What happens is that some dogs are more attached and others do not care that much. In cases where the pet likes to stay all the time by the owner's side, there is no need to worry. It is not any kind of neediness or emotional dependence. It is just a way for the dog to be close to the one he loves, either protecting him or having him as a reference. In some cases, it may even be because his food bowl is empty. Check out some possible reasons why the dog follows its owner. Whether in the living room, bedroom, kitchen or backyard, the act is a serious case of love, because the dog follows the owner even in the bathroom. What would explain this attitude is that dogs usually want to stay close to those who offer them more affection. That is, it is common that he follows the owner who gives him what he needs: affection, food, water and games. This is because he knows that with that person, he will not be helpless. This does not mean that other owners do not pay attention to him, but having a favorite member in the family can be real. In other words, it is common for him to follow the guardian who gives him what he needs: affection, food, water, and play. This is because he knows that with that person, he will not be helpless. This is not to say that other guardians will not pay attention to him, but having a favorite member of the family can be real. Along the same line of thought, if your puppy loves you, he will want to protect you. Some breeds have this instinct even more keenly, so they will be in your company wherever you go in the house. All of this is to make sure that you are okay and not in any danger. Because if anything is going to happen, he will be a fearless dog protecting his owner! Don't forget that dogs have been used to packs in the early days, and their primitive instincts may still show up from time to time. Usually, in packs, there is a leader that he must follow. In this case he sees his master as this reference, so he wants to be near him all the time. You can see why the dog follows its master, right? It is not abnormal, and if your dog does not have this attitude, there is no reason to worry.

My dog doesn't want to eat food, what should I do? Thanks to its durability and practicality, dry food is one of the most popular foods for dogs. Crunchy and aromatic, it is usually well accepted by most pets, but there are cases where, for some reason, they lose interest in the food. And now, what to do when my dog doesn't want to eat dry food? Rest assured! With the following content, you will know how to solve this problem. We talked to a veterinarian to explain why this happens and what should be done in these cases. Check it out! According to Dr. Louise Siqueira, a veterinarian at the clinic in Salvador, it is true that some dogs are more selective than others when it comes to eating. But, in general, dogs do not have such a demanding palate. In this sense, studies show that humans have up to five times more taste buds than a dog! So if you ask yourself "why doesn't my dog want to eat food?" and you think that the pet may have lost interest, it is likely that, in fact, the reason is something else. When a dog refuses to eat, one of the first instincts of many guardians is to exchange the food. If this is your case, know that, for Dr. Louise, the practice is not recommended. This is because, besides leaving the pet more prone to develop gastrointestinal problems, the frequent change of feed does not solve the issue permanently. Below, check out measures that will help you end the lack of appetite once and for all: The smell and texture are very important to attract the pet's attention. When poorly stored, the dog's food tends to lose part of these characteristics, which contributes to disinterest. Very crowded environments can leave the furry distracted or even too stressed to concentrate on the meal. Ideally, he should eat in a more private corner. Observe this when you are wondering "why doesn't my dog want to eat food? Height of the feeder is comfortable for the pet, elderly dogs or large can feel discomfort when bending the neck to eat. Also to avoid future problems in the spine, for them it is recommended to use a support. Just like us, puppies also have less appetite on hot days. To help, try to leave the environment cool and ventilated. Do not leave the food available all the time, In addition to losing aroma and texture, the food that is left in the feeder for a prolonged time can still attract insects. All this makes it less interesting for the dog. Without a regular routine, the body of the pet also does not get used to the famous "times of hunger". Have you ever heard that for "a full belly the guava has a worm"? After gorging himself with snacks, it is natural that the pet does not want to eat any kind of food. Try to offer snacks in moderation. When you ask yourself "why doesn't my dog want to eat food?", see if it can be a health problem, since the lack of appetite is the cause of a number of problems. Be sure to take him in for a consultation to rule out this possibility. As you can see, when a dog does not eat food, it is not always due to a serious problem. In some cases, it occurs for trivial reasons, such as heat. But beware: this does not mean that the furry owner should leave the matter alone, especially when the puppy refuses to eat other foods! "From 12 hours of fasting, the pet is at risk, and may have low blood sugar and vomiting," explains Dr. Louise Siqueira. "When it comes to puppies, no prolonged fasting is indicated." Therefore, when you ask "why doesn't my dog want to eat food?", try to understand your four-legged friend to find a solution! To prevent the pet from going too long without eating, the veterinarian recommends offering him other foods. "Some examples are beef or chicken (always cooked), pumpkin, carrots, and fruits, such as pitted watermelon or banana," she advises. Remembering that garlic, onions, grapes, avocados, cherries, and other foods are toxic to dogs. Anyway, it is important that fasting does not become a habit. If your dog doesn't want to eat, be sure to investigate the causes of the problem. A balanced diet is key to a longer, healthier life!

Can a dog be left alone all day? Gone are the days when there was always at least one family member in the house. Women are in the majority at universities and have long been part of the labor force. Children and teenagers are increasingly overloaded with activities. So how to reconcile them? Can the dog be left alone all day? The number of families with pets is only growing. So, check out if the dog can be left alone and see alternatives to deal with this situation and provide welfare to the pet. A very common reason for adopting pets is the search for affection and companionship. After all, who doesn't like to come home after a tiring day and be greeted with lots of tail wagging, jumping and barking? What many people forget is that dogs are also sociable animals that like and need company. Certainly, a dog is quite a companion when we are at home, supplying our emotional needs. But what about his needs while the adults work and the children are at school? It is worth thinking about this before leaving the dog alone at home all day many times a week. Once in a while is fine. That is, of course, as long as you provide security and entertainment for the pet in your absence. But if the dog does not have company during most of the day with certain frequency, know that this can be, yes, very harmful to him. As mentioned earlier, dogs are sociable animals that depend on company for their well-being. Proof of this is the joy they feel when they are beside their owners! No wonder, dogs that are left alone all day often tend to show signs of anxiety. In this sense, making sure that the dog stays in an enriched environment and has something to distract him helps. But it does not completely eliminate the need for company. Therefore, for those who spend almost every day away from home, it is indicated to leave the pet in a daycare. Remembering that, it is essential that the dog is used to staying in these places and that the chosen daycare has trained professionals and performs many activities. Otherwise, the pet can become even more anxious, barking a lot and self-mutilating - compulsive licking of the paws is an example. As we said before, once in a while it is okay to leave your pet alone at home for a few hours. However, it is essential to prepare the pet and the environment so that it can be distracted and spend a lot of energy. Here are some tips on how to do this:Get your pet used to being alone for a while early on. To do this, leave for a few minutes at a time and gradually increase the period of absence. Long goodbyes tend to increase the puppy's anxiety. If possible, avoid feeding the pet before you leave home. Instead, place the day's food portion in a fillable interactive toy and give it to the dog just before you leave. This helps the pet to "forget" a bit about your absence and to be distracted by the search for food. Thus, when he gets tired of one, he will have another with which to entertain himself. Remember that some dogs may need extra stimulation to be attracted to the accessories, such as treat paste. We hope you enjoyed these tips on how to entertain your friend while he is home alone.

How many hours does a dog sleep per day? Watching a dog sleeping is something that usually brings a feeling of warmth and tranquility. Moreover, it is at these times that some doubts arise, such as how many hours a dog sleeps per day? This is because the situation can also cause concern depending on how often we catch the pet taking a nap. That is why it is normal to have some doubts about how many hours a dog sleeps per day and what can be when the pet suddenly becomes more sleepy than usual. As explained by Dr. Ítalo Cássio Silva, veterinarian and technical coordinator of clinics and hospitals, there is no exact answer to how many hours a dog sleeps per day. "Just as it happens with us, it depends on the individual metabolism of the dog," he explains. In other words, while some need many hours to replenish their energy, others are more restless and do not need naps during the day. The metabolism, in turn, also has to do with factors such as race and age. When dealing with puppies for the first time, many people are surprised at how sleepy they can be. For those who have wondered how many hours a puppy sleeps, Italo reinforces that the average depends on the metabolism. "In general, very young puppies, aged between 30 and 40 days, sleep about 12 to 14 hours throughout the day," he says. And the use of the expression "throughout the day" is not for nothing. This is because the puppy's sleeping time is usually divided into several moments, such as after playing. In this sense, providing an appropriate routine, with walks and activities that stimulate natural canine behaviors, helps the puppy to get more sleep at night. However, naps during the afternoon should not be forbidden, since they are important for the pet in this phase of life. As the puppy gets older, this total sleep time is reduced to between 8 to 12 hours per day, and may increase as the years progress and the pet becomes elderly. Remember, however, that this number varies from dog to dog. Therefore, it is important to take the dogs for regular consultations with the veterinarian for more assertive guidance. As seen, it is normal for puppies to sleep a lot. Since this period is divided throughout the day, many have the impression that the pet sleeps too much. However, these hours of sleep are important for the puppy's development. Also in relation to perception, Dr. Italo says it is common to think that the pet is sleeping without this actually being true. "It's very difficult to distinguish if the dog is sleeping or just with his eyes closed, at rest", he alerts. In any case, if you suspect that the dog sleeps much more than usual, make an appointment with a veterinarian. This is because, according to Dr. Italo, some health problems may also be associated with sleepiness, such as hypothyroidism. An inadequate diet can also lead to excessive sleepiness. If sleeping too much is worrying, the lack of sleep is not so much worse. It can even harm the interaction with his owner, who also needs a good night's sleep. In this sense, the veterinarian points out that, as it happens with us, a sleepy dog without sleep causes irritability, increased serum cortisol, among other changes. As a result, they interfere with the immune system, which contributes to the emergence of infectious diseases. Many times, the lack of sleep is related to a routine poor in activities and stimuli. That's why activities such as walking and playing help to spend the energy of the four-legged friend and improve the quality of sleep. Furthermore, by maintaining a regular routine with lots of activities, you prevent your four-legged friend from dozing off most of the day, which also impairs sleep at night.

Homeopathy for dogs. Just like other sciences, veterinary medicine is always evolving to bring the best to our friends. Homeopathy for dogs is one of the complementary medicine techniques that promises to improve the quality of life of pets! An old acquaintance of complementary medicine, homeopathy was developed in the late 18th century by German physician Samuel Hahnemann, who developed the idea that healing can be done from resemblance. It works like this: the specialist dilutes the substance that causes clinical manifestation and offers this dilution to the patient in tiny doses. Sounds simple, doesn't it? But besides the cure through similarity, homeopathy has several principles that seek an energetic balance for the patient. It's a very different vision from allopathic medicine and pleases many guardians. Veterinary homeopathy follows the same principles, and the animal is offered some specific substances, diluted in water or mixed with sugar. An example is homeopathy for stressed dogs, which can be very beneficial, because the treatment aims to treat the organism as a whole. Many veterinarians prescribe this therapy for behavioral problems or chronic diseases. Some examples of use with an indication are homeopathy for dog coughs, homeopathy for kidney failure in dogs, and other types of unhealthy diseases and behaviors. The veterinarian, Dr. Suelen Silva, explains that veterinary homeopathy is a good option for long-term treatments, and reminds us that, in Brazil, homeopathy is a specialty recognized by the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine. Not everybody is a fan of homeopathy. The way of conception and action of the substances is different from the allopathic medicine, which may cause strangeness to some tutors. However, homeopathy for dogs is a treatment indicated by many specialists, because it has several positive points. Among the main qualities of the technique, we can mention: It's natural: unlike other types of medicine, homeopathy uses natural principles found in plants and minerals, It's not invasive: just take a few pills or drops during the day and that's it! No need for needles, scalpels or hospitalization, It has no contraindications: homeopathy does not cause allergies, can be applied along with other therapies and has no contraindications, It is accessible: it is very easy to find homeopathic remedies. See how homeopathy for dogs can be a great idea? But don't run to the nearest store looking for a remedy for your doggy! Just like any other therapy, homeopathy should not be offered without the recommendation of a veterinarian. Homeopathy for dogs has many benefits, but this doesn't mean that it will always be a good course of action. In some cases, the veterinarian may prescribe it as a complementary treatment to an allopathic practice of medicine. "In severe cases, the ideal is to make associations," explains Dr. Suelen. The veterinarian also points out that the main point at issue is time. The veterinary homeopathy is thought as a long-term treatment and not as an immediate intervention. "When we talk about serious conditions, we have to be agile", she informs. But that doesn't mean that homeopathy is not indicated for more complex cases. Some delicate conditions improve considerably with the use of this century-old technique. Homeopathic remedies for dogs are highly recommended for some problems, such as: heart disease prevention, parasite control, digestive system problems, kidney disease, training difficulties. As it is a complementary and natural treatment, many believe that homeopathy can be given without the indication of a veterinarian. But this is not true! Despite having no contraindications, experts remember that no medicine should be administered without monitoring. When you realize that your four-legged child needs help, the first step is to seek a veterinarian who can make an accurate diagnosis and verify the source of the problem. When we offer a medicine without a prescription, we run the risk of masking symptoms or ignoring a serious problem. Only the homeopath can determine the correct treatment", explains Dr. Suelen. According to the specialist, the doctor will analyze several of the dog's conditions, from clinical signs to emotional states. From there, he will be able to prescribe the medicine that treats the problem in a complete way.

Here's what you should look out for when adopting a handicapped dog. All pets deserve our love and care. But some may need more dedication than others, as is the case of a handicapped dog. Present in many NGOs and adoption fairs, these furry animals are affectionate and teach us, on a daily basis, to look at life in a different way, with a great lesson in overcoming! However, before adopting them, it is necessary to reflect a lot. Remember that these pets have special needs that must be met to ensure their wellbeing. Below, we have prepared some things that you and your family should take care of before and after adopting a disabled dog. Bringing a disabled pet home is very rewarding. Besides decreasing the number of abandoned dogs and helping handicapped animal NGOs, you will also be giving a second chance to a unique and special dog. And you can be sure: he will be eternally grateful, taking every opportunity he gets to return your love with lots of licks, companionship, and affection! Just like us, dogs have different types of disabilities, with diverse origins. "We need to understand the cause of the disability to take care of it in the best way and make more quality of life available in the pet's day to day life in the new house", advises the veterinarian, Dr. Renata. A pet with vision problems, for example, needs adaptations in the environment, but will not necessarily require specific and continuous veterinary treatment. On the other hand, a dog with paralysis of the hind legs, besides needing a chair for handicapped dogs, may need physiotherapy sessions, acupuncture, among others. Questioning with the NGO or talking to a veterinarian about the needs of a disabled dog is important to estimate the costs and care that you will have with him. It is not a rule, but in some cases handicapped dogs can take longer and have more difficulty to adapt. And you will also have to make some adaptations. Because of the keen sense of smell of these special pets, it is possible to teach blind or deaf dogs to do their normal activities, such as drinking water or even peeing in the right place. But patience and dedication are required. Do you and your family have the time and willingness to take on the challenge and wait? "Some pets need specific devices, veterinary care, special food, and medications," says Dr. Renata. "This generates a much larger financial contribution than the adoption of a healthy dog," she adds. If you are aware of all this, are accompanied by a professional in the area and, in some cases, have the time and money available, congratulations! You will be great with your new friend. In this case, get ready to have a sincere, loving, and very loyal companion for many, many years. Below, Dr. Renata explains the main needs of animals with physical disabilities: visual, hearing, and locomotion. Visual impairment: thanks to their sense of smell, blind dogs manage very well, but it is important to make adaptations in the house. Passages with stairs should be blocked to avoid falls. In addition, it is necessary to remove furniture and dangerous objects (pointed, sharp, etc.) from the path, to prevent the pet from bumping into and hurting himself. " Hearing impairment: a deaf dog can perform his activities normally, since smell and sight are present. Try to stimulate these senses. As our voice is an important way of establishing a bond with the dogs, do a lot of caressing to compensate for her absence. Motor disability: in general, dogs with difficulty in locomotion depend more on their guardians. This is because, in some cases, it is even necessary to help them defecate and urinate. Talk to a veterinarian, he will be able to guide you about the need for a chair, physiotherapy, veterinary care, and day-to-day adaptations. Remember that just like other dogs, the handicapped dog, regardless of his disability, also needs stimuli. Therefore, be sure to play with him, to promote environmental enrichment and to walk him every day, allowing him to feel new aromas, textures, and even to make new friends.

I want a dog What I need to know. veryone someday decides that he or she wants a dog. But this is a decision that, if carried out, must be very well planned. It is important to analyze the best way to acquire the dog, the environment, the financial conditions and the socialization with the family. Then the doubts arise: Adopt? To buy? Which breed is right for me? How is vaccination? These questions should all be answered before getting a dog, to avoid a hasty choice that may cause problems over time. The first thing that should be considered before getting a dog is in which environment it will live. Everyone in the house must be willing to receive and take care of the pet when necessary, so that he can have a good reception and adapt more easily. Choose and evaluate the place where he will spend most of his time, the things that should be moved to avoid problems. The dog must adapt to the environment, but the place must also be ready to help in this adaptation. Look for a quiet place to leave the food and bed of the puppy, where he can feel comfortable and be protected from cold, rain and sun. A very important question when deciding to have a puppy is how much you will spend on him. Like any animal, he runs the risk of diseases. It is important that the future owner considers all the necessary vaccinations and visits to the vet for the health of the pet, as well as having money available for possible emergencies and extra care. Vaccinations and worming should be given on the right dates and without fail, so that your dog is immunized from various diseases. The owner of a puppy should be aware of the vaccine schedule that should be administered until the fifth month of the puppy's life, along with monthly worming. When the dog is older, it should be taken to the veterinarian for medical evaluation and medication prescribed according to the professional. Castration is very important if the intention is not to cross the animal, because it avoids several problems in the female reproductive system (such as cancer) and helps to control the male's hormones. There is also the dog's hygiene, which requires costs. Puppies should stay away from baths in pet shops until they have all their vaccines, but after this period, the monthly bath is important to keep your pet away from fleas and harmful bacteria. Long-haired dogs need almost daily brushing to avoid knots in the hair and grooming in certain times of the year. Adoption is highly encouraged, because of the number of dogs in shelters and NGOs. If spending on a dog with pedigree is out of the budget, or the future owner prefers to adopt an abandoned dog, some evaluations should be done before choosing the ideal dog. Knowing the history of the puppy is essential, because many street animals have a history of abuse that transforms their personality, and knowing how to deal with these problems in the right way is essential. The question of the animal's health is also important, because some dogs have physical problems that require special care, which would mean more expenses. If you are interested in adopting a disabled dog, the preparation of the environment and financial availability should be redoubled. Some people are afraid to adopt a mutt because they find it unpredictable in terms of personality and size, but this is easily avoidable. A visit to the vet can solve all doubts about the physical type of the dog, and education in the right way will certainly help the dog to adapt. The range of adoption possibilities is extensive, all you have to do is research. There are many animal protection NGOs that do rehabilitation work for abandoned dogs, where they offer adoption and many times cheap basic services, such as castration and vaccines. You can also go after independent donors, known or not, who have puppies or rescued animals available for adoption. If the preference is to buy a puppy, the options may be more targeted. By analyzing the environment and the family's personality, it is interesting to draw up a profile of the ideal breed for the house. Some breeds are indicated for larger places, with vegetation, and others for small places. There are also breeds that get along better with children and with the family's daily life. The options are very varied, and surely the future owner can find the perfect breed for himself. Regardless of the environment in which the pet will be acquired, it is important to consider everything that involves having a dog and its responsibilities, because he is a little animal that depends on the owner, needs care, and will bring happiness to your home

Tips for making two dogs friends. Many guardians are in doubt about whether or not to adopt a new dog when they already have a puppy at home. Even because it is very common to find dogs that do not get along with other animals, even if they are of the same species. But, after all, is it possible to make two dogs friends? When it comes to a domestic dog, many come to their owners' home when they are two or three months old. This is the so-called first stage of fear. The period is crucial for showing the dog what to fear and what situations can be very pleasant. This includes socializing with other dogs and people! When a pet does not receive the necessary social stimuli in the first months of life, or when it has traumatic experiences, it will most likely become antisocial. To promote canine socialization, it is important that the pet has contact with other dogs and people while still a puppy. However, those who think that just walking him around, letting him explore the world without interference, are mistaken. This is because the idea of socialization is not only to get the pet used to stimuli. It is important to make him enjoy the company of other dogs. This is the main difference between passive and active socialization. In the former, the pet receives random stimuli and runs the risk of having negative experiences. In the second, the tutor "creates" these encounters in a controlled way, associating them with other pleasant stimuli, such as games and treats. This makes the furry appreciate the presence of other dogs with good experiences. Soon, he gets along well with them. The choice of individuals, as well as the manner in which the pets are introduced, is very important in socialization. Contact with an aggressive pet or an interaction surrounded by scolding and punishment can be traumatic. Therefore, here are some tips that will help you avoid problems and ensure a more appropriate socialization:Try to introduce the puppy only to sociable and calm dogs. This facilitates the interaction, decreasing the risk of fights. Preferably, do the introduction in closed, quiet places, away from other stimuli that may scare the friendly dogs. Let them look at each other and smell each other until they feel comfortable to play. In case of fights, make a loud noise to distract the dogs and separate the two with caution, avoid fighting, do not shout and do not do anything that may contribute to the pet to associate that moment with something negative, offer treats and stimulate play. This helps your friend to associate the presence of other dogs to pleasant moments. If you have trouble socializing your pet with a new member of the household or with other dogs, it is worth seeking the help of a dog behavior specialist.

Veterinary dentist. Just as important as bathing and grooming, regular visits to a veterinary dentist are essential to your pet's life. That's because treating dogs' teeth relieves possible pain and brings benefits to your friend's oral health. "Diseases caused by bacteria and inflammation are responsible for 85% of the problems in the oral cavity of dogs," says Dr. Mariana Lage, a veterinarian and specialist, master and doctor in Veterinary Dentistry. Do you know why this happens? According to the veterinarian, "the lack of brushing is, without doubt, the main reason, considering that, in a period of only 24 hours, the bacterial plaque is already able to organize itself and turn into tartar". Mariana also explains that the manifestation and development of periodontal diseases (in other words, close to the teeth) can vary according to some factors. They are: low immunity, the dog's race, genetics, and the proportion of teeth in the mouth. Therefore, it is very important to keep an eye on whether your best friend is a dog with bad breath and tartar. If this happens, it is good to consult a veterinary dentist. To prevent periodontal diseases, it is interesting to maintain a routine of care with the teeth of dogs - since childhood, see? The Regional Council of Veterinary Medicine of the State of São Paulo (CRMV-SP) recommends brushing the animal's teeth daily. When brushing a dog's teeth, it is good to choose a specific brush for animals. Generally, it is softer and has a longer handle to facilitate the cleaning. In addition to the dog toothbrush, it is important to use a specific toothpaste for pets. It prevents the formation of tartar, fights bad breath, and is specially made for the adaptation and comfort of pets. In addition to daily brushing, one way to maintain the oral health of your dog or cat is to maintain an adequate diet, with food that contains nutrients necessary for a healthier life. An alternative is to bet on a dental diet, oriented and indicated by a veterinarian. Another recommendation of the CRMV-SP is to offer toys that help dislodge the plaque that forms on the teeth. It is also a very fun option for your friend, isn't it? For all the previous tips to be really efficient, it is important that the pet goes for consultations with the veterinary dentist annually or every six months. This makes it easier to check his oral health and prevent diseases.

Learn why the dog licks everything. We know that a dog can be as curious as he is affectionate. Therefore, your four-legged friend can stick his tongue in many unusual places. So, knowing why a dog will lick anything puts an end to your doubts about this behavior. There are many reasons why a dog licks everything. As we said, curiosity and affection are the two main reasons for this behavior, used to show love or to get to know a certain object. After all, taste is the main means by which this animal explores the world. This canine behavior can be associated with the habit of a baby, for example. When he sees an object, the first thing he does is to take it to his mouth, in order to know the taste, consistency, among other characteristics. Of course, the dog still has a much keener sense of smell and hearing than humans do. The use of these senses helps him to understand the world around him. That is why a dog licks everything. In addition, this behavior may be associated with other factors, such as disorders, anxiety or some allergy. Knowing how to differentiate between them is an important step towards good dog care. So, stay tuned for our list of reasons why a dog licks everything. If you are concerned about your dog licking a lot, both others and himself, it may be an indication of some condition that needs veterinary follow-up. We're going to list some reasons that may help you with diagnosis. Check them out! Licking the human family is a behavior that needs no concern or follow-up. After all, the purest demonstration of affection comes from the licks that the puppy can give his guardians. By doing this, he is telling us how important we are to him, recognizing us as part of the pack. Sometimes dogs can get attention by licking their guardians excessively. It is common for them to choose this type of behavior when they want something. Therefore, you need to investigate. Does he need food and water or just attention? Sudden changes in the home or in personal relationships and even stressful noises can alter a dog's behavior. This is one of the reasons why the dog licks its paw, for example. One of the answers to why the dog licks everything can be a reaction to an allergy or pain, especially if the animal concentrates efforts in a region, such as the paw, for example. Another explanation of why the dog licks everything is when the animal is affected by some behavioral disease. An inadequate routine, in which the dog cannot run, bark, and express all the natural behaviors, can lead him to develop disorders. When the dog begins to excessively lick parts of the body, in addition to objects such as walls and floors, it is a sign of an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Watch for lesions on the animal's skin, with or without hair loss. . Understanding your dog is primordial to solve any problem as soon as possible.

Patellar dislocation in dogs. Every guardian loves to see their pet happy and healthy, having fun, playing and running around. So when we notice that there is something wrong with the health of our four-legged child, it is common to be concerned! Among the most common problems among puppies is patella luxation. The name is a bit complicated, but the problem is quite simple to understand: patella luxation is the dislocation of a bone in the knee, also called the patella. This is why the pet looks so uncomfortable when it is diagnosed with patellar luxation. This displacement can occur to the outside of the leg (lateral), or to the inside (medial). Both cases can cause pain to the dog and predispose to other complications, and need veterinary attention as soon as possible! Patella luxation in dogs can have different origins. Most of the time, it is a congenital issue: the dog is born predisposed to the problem, and presents symptoms after a certain age. It can also occur due to beatings, falls or other traumas. It is more common in small-sized dogs, but can affect any pet. Among the breeds most likely to develop patella luxation are: Pug, Chihuahua, Dachshund, Pekingese, Poodle and Lhasa-Apso. It is worth pointing out that larger dogs can also have the disease, especially when they are older and more fragile. Patella luxation in dogs is classified into 4 different degrees, according to the severity of the problem:Degree 1 The vet is able to dislocate the patella from its place and it automatically returns to the correct location. Generally, the problem ends there, without further pain for the dog. Grade 2 In this case, the palette keeps coming out and going back to the correct place. Usually, the dog has a frequent limp. Although the patella returns to its place, surgery is recommended to avoid pain and further problems. Grade 3 In this case, the patella goes out of place permanently, and the help of a veterinarian is needed to put it back in the right place. Sometimes the dog also tries to align the patella by making movements with the paw. Grade 4 More severe dislocation, in grade 4 the patella is permanently displaced, and not even with the manipulation of the veterinarian it is possible to put it back in the correct place. Only with patella surgery in dogs is it possible to alleviate the problem. The treatment may vary according to the degree of dislocation, ranging from painkillers to surgery and physiotherapy. Anyway, the accompaniment of a reliable professional is always necessary. After all, we all want to see our pets healthy and happy, playing and having fun, don't we?