The Jolly Greens | Wings over Vietnam
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During the Vietnam War, the costly rescue of Bat 21 prompted the US military to find a new approach to searching and rescuing high-threat people. They recognized that if a SAR mission is doomed to fail, it should not be undertaken and other options must be considered, such as special operations, diversionary tactics, and other creative approaches tailored to the situation. Recognizing the need for an aircraft that could provide more effective close air support, the USAF introduced the A-7 Corsair, originally a Navy carrier-based light attack aircraft, to replace the Air Force A-1 Skyraiders, an aircraft that was also originally a carrier-based Navy strike bomber.
Thanks to CSAR's experience in Vietnam, the U.S. military has also improved the nighttime capabilities of helicopters and area-denial munitions.
During the Vietnam War, US SAR forces saved 3,883 lives at the cost of 71 rescuers and 45 aircraft.
In 1972, during the Vietnam War, Lt. Col. Iseal Hambleton, a U.S. Air Force navigator and electronic warfare officer with ballistic missile and countermeasures experience, was the sole survivor of an EB-66 shot down during the Easter Offensive. He evaded capture by North Vietnamese forces until he was rescued 11.5 days later. During the rescue operation, five American military aircraft supporting the CSAR effort were shot down, eleven American service members were killed, and two men were captured. The rescue operation was "the largest, longest, and most complex search and rescue operation of the entire Vietnam War." Two books and the feature film “The Bat” are dedicated to him.
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Rolling Thunder | Wings over Vietnam
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Operation Rolling Thunder was the name of a gradual and sustained aerial bombing campaign conducted by the U.S. 2nd Air Division (later the Seventh Air Force), the U.S. Navy, and the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. (North Vietnam) from March 2, 1965 to November 2, 1968, during the Vietnam War.
The four objectives of the operation (which varied over time) were to boost the flagging morale of the Saigon regime in the Republic of Vietnam; convince North Vietnam to stop supporting the communist insurgency in South Vietnam without sending ground troops to communist North Vietnam; destroy North Vietnam's transportation system, industrial base, and air defenses; and stop the flow of men and equipment into South Vietnam. Achieving these goals was hampered both by the restrictions placed on the United States and its allies by Cold War exigencies and by the military aid and assistance North Vietnam received from its communist allies, the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, and North Vietnam. Korea.
The operation was the most intense air-land battle of the Cold War; it was the most difficult such campaign waged by the United States since the aerial bombardment of Germany during World War II. With the support of its communist allies, North Vietnam fielded a powerful mixture of modern air-to-air and surface-to-air weapons, creating one of the most effective air defenses American military pilots had ever encountered.
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Dust Off | Wings over Vietnam | Battlefield Vietnam
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Casualty evacuation, also known as CASEVAC or by the callsign Dustoff or colloquially Dust Off, is a military term for the emergency patient evacuation of casualties from a combat zone. Casevac can be done by both ground and air. "DUSTOFF" is the callsign specific to U.S. Army Air Ambulance units. CASEVACs by air today are almost exclusively done by helicopter, a practice begun on a small scale toward the end of World War II; before that, STOL aircraft, such as the Fieseler Fi 156 or Piper J-3 were used.
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Beyond the Millennium - Alien Life | Universe & Space
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"Alien Life", when NASA scientists found a lump of rock from Mars with microscopic fossils in it, the search for extraterrestrial life beyond our own became a credible objective. Researchers and scientists from SETI (Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) have spent decades trying to determine how an alien life force would contact us and if one does, how we would reply.
At the start of a new millennium we're about to embark on the greatest adventure of all time. Five hundred million miles from Earth, a spacecraft will land on Jupiter's icy moon, Europa. It's mission, to search for alien life. As we reach out across the galaxy, our spacecraft will explore the most extreme environments to answer the ultimate question, are we alone?
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The FACs | Wings over Vietnam | Battlefield Vietnam
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Forward air control is the control of close air support (CAS) aircraft to ensure that their attack hits the intended target and does not harm friendly troops. This task is performed by a forward air traffic controller (FAC).
The primary function of forward air control is to ensure the safety of friendly forces with close air support. Enemy targets on the front line (the "front edge of the combat zone" in US terminology) are often close to friendly forces, and therefore friendly forces are at risk of friendly fire due to proximity during an air attack. The danger is twofold: the bomber pilot cannot clearly identify the target and does not know the location of his forces. Camouflage, a constantly changing situation and the fog of war increase the risk. Modern doctrine states that forward air controllers (FACs) are not needed to interdict air attacks, although such use of FACs has occurred in the past.
An additional concern of forward air controllers is to prevent harm to civilians in the strike zone.
Forward air controllers played an important role in the largest bombing campaign in history during the Vietnam War. While World War II involved indiscriminate mass air raids on major cities around the world, bombing during the Vietnam War was aimed at smaller targets in a country the size of New Mexico. Unless bombs were dropped in a free-fire zone or on a predetermined target, bombing in Vietnam was directed by the PIC. In addition, unlike World War II, serious efforts were made to avoid targeting civilians, which also required the intervention of the FAC.
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Beyond the Millennium - Planets | Universe & Space
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"Planets", a new theory suggests that planets were formed from ice dwarfs or large solid lumps of frozen water. These ice dwarfs were causing cosmic collisions all throughout our solar system. Discover how this latest theory as well as cosmic collisions made earth hospitable and other planets in our solar system so desolate.
We have blasted men and machines to our neighbouring worlds. Sent probes to the outer solar system. Discovered volcanoes erupting on the surface of distant moons, visited worlds more diverse than we had ever imagined. We have landed on Mars, walked on the moon. At the dawn of a new millennium, we're at the start of a new era of exploring the planets.
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Beyond the Millennium - Creation | Universe & Space
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"Creation", for years scientists have speculated about the beginning of the universe. Some astronomers support the Big Bang theory while others purport the Steady State theory. Which one is correct? Telescopes that tune into natural heat radiation coming from space are helping scientists find answers to these and other questions.
One day our universe will cool and die, our only escape maybe to risk a flight into a different universe. Perhaps the greatest question facing the human race is to discover where we came from, and find out what is our ultimate fate. Every culture, every age, has asked that question and tried answering it.
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The Anzacs [E11] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) was a First World War army corps of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. It was formed in Egypt in December 1914, and operated during the Gallipoli campaign. General William Birdwood commanded the corps, which primarily consisted of troops from the First Australian Imperial Force and 1st New Zealand Expeditionary Force, although there were also British and Indian units attached at times throughout the campaign. The corps disbanded in 1916, following the Allied evacuation of the Gallipoli peninsula and the formation of I ANZAC Corps and II ANZAC Corps. The corps was reestablished, briefly, in the Second World War during the Battle of Greece in 1941.
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The Free French Forces [E10] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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Free France and its Free French Forces were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during World War II and its military forces that continued to fight against the Axis powers as an Allied nation after the fall of France.
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Beyond the Millennium - Stars | Universe & Space
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The documentary premiered in 1999 and presents an overview of the universe as humans understood it at that time, and how we think it will evolve in the next millennium. Using 3D computer generated graphics, the series features animated sequences that offer insight into the Big Bang theory and the anatomy of the sun.
"Stars", scientific studies of our sun and surrounding stars are revealing discoveries that link electric and magnetic weather patterns of the sun with storms that rage on the earth. Similarly, viewers learn how the sun's electro-magnetic properties can close the Toronto Stock Exchange and turn off all the lights in New York City.
In five billion years, our nearest start, the sun, will die, swelling and becoming a red giant. The heat will be so intense the oceans will boil. Our planet will be scorched beyond recognition. The crust will melt, the surface will become an ocean of molten rock, all life will end, in the ultimate armageddon.
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Understanding The Engineering Of The Spitfire | Inside The Spitfire | Military Aviation
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In this week's episode, the Spitfire Factory team takes the newly built fuselage into the paint shop and we learn how the wings can be restored or built from scratch. We also see owner Peter Monk preparing for a family holiday like no other: he and his boys drive World War II jeeps to the beaches of Normandy to celebrate the 80th anniversary of D-Day, and we also see the restoration of a long-forgotten relative." Spitfire: Hawker Typhoon.
Hidden away in an obscure workshop at one of Britain's most important air force bases, a team of dedicated engineers and enthusiasts are working around the clock to bring a national icon back to life. With a year and two million pounds on the line, there is no room for error as Peter Monk and his engineers attempt to transform the 1943 Mark IX Spitfire from rusting remains into a flying legend. This is the Spitfire factory.
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The Chindits [E9] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The Chindits, known officially as the Long Range Penetration Groups, were special-operations units of the British and Indian armies which saw action in 1943–1944 during the Burma Campaign of World War II.
The Hawker Hurricane - WW2 Aircraft | Inside The Spitfire | Military Aviation
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In this week's episode, Peter Monk and his Spitfire Factory team tackle the biggest challenge in the restoration process: attaching the wings. We also meet another icon that flew the skies during World War II with the Spitfire, the Hawker Hurricane. Meanwhile, we meet Archie McInnes, an experienced Hurricane pilot who is one of the last of "Churchill's few" and tells his amazing story of survival.
Hidden away in an obscure workshop at one of Britain's most important air force bases, a team of dedicated engineers and enthusiasts are working around the clock to bring a national icon back to life. With a year and two million pounds on the line, there is no room for error as Peter Monk and his engineers attempt to transform the 1943 Mark IX Spitfire from rusting remains into a flying legend. This is the Spitfire factory.
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The Kamikazes [E8] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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Kamikaze were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, intending to destroy warships more effectively than with conventional air attacks. About 3,800 kamikaze pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by kamikaze attacks
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The Paras and Commandos [E7] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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Another of the world's elite fighting forces in World War II is our subject: the Commandos, created by Churchill in the summer of 1940 as a means of striking at the coasts of Nazi-occupied Europe. Starting out as a mere raiding force, they became the spearhead of the Allied amphibious landings in North Africa, Sicily, Italy and Normandy. Without them, our modern society would be a different one indeed.
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RAF Fighter Command [E6] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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RAF Fighter Command was one of the commands of the Royal Air Force. It was formed in 1936 to allow more specialized control of fighter aircraft. It served throughout the Second World War. It earned near-immortal fame during the Battle of Britain in 1940, when the Few held off the Luftwaffe attack on Britain.
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The Free Polish Forces [E5] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The Polish Armed Forces in the West were Polish military units formed to fight alongside the Western Allies against Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II. Polish troops were also raised in Soviet territories; these were the Polish Armed Forces in the East.
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The Desert Rats [E4] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The 7th Armored Division was an armored division of the British Army that performed distinguished active service during the Second World War, where its exploits in the Western Desert Campaign earned it the nickname "Desert Rats". The division participated in most of the major battles during the North African Campaign; he would later land and fight in the Italian Campaign in the early stages of the invasion of Italy before being withdrawn to the United Kingdom where he would train for battles in Northwestern Europe. It began landing in Normandy on the afternoon of D-Day, June 6, 1944, and made its way across Europe, ending the war in Kiel and Hamburg, Germany.
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Tutankhamun | Mysteries of the World
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For 3,000 years, the treasures of Tutenkamun lay buried under the sands of the Egyptian desert, until archaeologists disturbed the peace of the pharaoh and placed a deadly curse on him. This is a controversial issue that scientists are quick to ignore, but the threat of an ancient curse has haunted the public for almost 100 years.
The sudden death of an Egyptian king 3,000 years ago sparked an ancient murder mystery that still baffles scientists. Much more frightening than the death of this young pharaoh is the mystery of his curse, which is said to be the cause of an ominous series of deaths that began with the discovery of his tomb in 1922.
This is the story of Tutenkamun.
It is set against the backdrop of Egypt, a land of spectacular natural beauty that is more than twice the size of Texas. Egypt is located on the Mediterranean Sea in northeastern Africa, between Libya, Israel and Sudan. It is a land steeped in mysticism, enveloping the world's most magnificent monuments. The architecture of colossal proportions is a silent witness to the glorious past. Thousands of years ago, Egypt was home to the ancient Egyptians, at that time the most advanced civilization on Earth.
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Quest for the Holy Grail | Mysteries of the World
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For 2000 years, successive generations were engulfed in searches. The search for the sacred cup, which will give the one who finds it immortality and complete enlightenment, under the leadership of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. This is the ultimate treasure hunt: a journey through Britain's most historic and mysterious places. Quest for the Holy Grail.
The search for the Holy Grail has taken seekers all over the world, but one of the most enduring legends is that the Grail was brought to Britain by Jesus Christ's great-uncle, Joseph of Arimathea. When Jesus died on the cross, Joseph held a cup next to him, collecting the blood of Christ. After the death of Christ, Joseph was visited by the archangel Raphael and told him to bring this sacred cup, this Holy Grail, to the Blessed Isles of the West, Britain. It is said that the cup was once hidden here in the holiest place in the country. Since then, the search for the Holy Grail has continued.
The story is shrouded in legend, and the search continues to this day, leading a fascinating path through some of Britain's most dramatic and mysterious places. Glastonbury, where the water runs red with the blood of Christ. Tintagel, birthplace of King Arthur and home of Merlin. Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland, a sacred treasury carefully guarding its holy secrets, including perhaps the Holy Grail.
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Trail of Bigfoot | Mysteries of the World
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Is there an unknown beast lurking in the forests of the American Northwest? Thousands of people say they've seen it. It is part ape, part man, almost nine feet tall, covered head to foot in thick dark hair, and it walks on two legs. It's sometimes called Sasquatch, a Native American word, one of more than eighty names they have for such a creature. More commonly it's known as Bigfoot. Could this beast be the fabled missing link that proves we humans are descended from apes? A link that if proved, would be explosive!
It challenges our thinking about everything we know about science, about culture, about mythology, this is a creature that shouldn't be, yet is.
It is a mystery to be solved, all the evidence is not in, and we haven't yet one way or the other conclusively proved that it exists, or that it does not exist.
We have footprints supposedly left by this creature, and countless eyewitness stories, yet we still do not have any corpses, blood samples, or even bones. So does this creature exist, or is this simply the biggest hoax in human history.
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SAS - Special Air Service [E3] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The Special Air Service (SAS) is known throughout the world. Its highly trained men are known for their skills in covert surveillance, hand-to-hand combat and hostage rescue. The SAS was created during the Second World War when small groups of soldiers were dropped behind enemy lines in North Africa and Europe.
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SOE - Special Operations Executive [E2] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The Special Operations Executive was a secret British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton, from the amalgamation of three existing secret organisations.
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. In a total war directly involving more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources.
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Lost City of Atlantis | Mysteries of the World
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The history of Atlantis is one of the greatest mysteries ever solved. This is the story of a powerful civilization destroyed by the gods over 11,000 years ago. For centuries, explorers have traveled the world in search of this lost city, but have found little. Did Atlantis really exist or is it a figment of one man's vivid imagination?
The search for Atlantis has inspired some of mankind's greatest achievements. This is the story of a great and powerful empire that became corrupted and was sunk to the bottom of the sea by Zeus, the god of gods. Man has explored the Earth in search of Atlantis, but we still do not have the exact location of this lost continent.
There are three islands that shed light on this mystery. The Greek island of Santorini in the Aegean Sea is a popular holiday destination unrivaled in beauty but with a turbulent past. Crete, an island in the Mediterranean whose history has helped shape our world today. And Tenerife on the Atlantic Ocean, which many believe is the last remnant of the lost city.
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Waffen SS [E1/13] World War 2: Gladiators Full | World War Two
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The Waffen-SS was the military branch of the Nazi Party's SS organization. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and unoccupied lands. Many War Crimes were attributed to them, leading to major controversy and opinions.
World War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. In a total war directly involving more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources.
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