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Appendicitis _- Anatomy, Causes, Pathogenesis, Symptoms, Physical Examination, Diagnosis & Treatment

Foods To Promote Hair Growth & Prevent Hair Loss - Best Foods For Hair Growth _Hair Growth Foods

Signs And Symptoms Of Iron Deficiency _Symptoms Of Anemia _Iron Deficiency Anemia Signs & Symptoms

Cancer - Fighting Foods _ Foods That Fight Cancer _ Best Foods For Cancer _ Cancer Preventing Foods

Health Benefits Of Moringa (Drumstick Plant)

Side Effects Of Metformin _What Are Some Serious Side Effects Of Metformin _Anti - Diabetic Drugs

Tuberculosis(Overview)_- Causes, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Signs & Symptoms , Diagnosis, Treatment

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) _- Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Side Effects Of Statins (Lipid Lowering Drugs)

Cancer Causing Foods That You Should Avoid At All Costs _- Foods That Cause Cancer

Most Nutritious Vegetables On The Planet _What Are The Most Nutrient Dense Vegetables

Best & Worst Foods For Acid Reflux _What Are Some Good And Bad Foods For Acid Reflux Disease

Symptoms Of Rheumatoid Arthritis [Early & Late] What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis & How It Affects you

Best Foods To Fight Inflammation _- Food That Have Natural Anti-Inflammatory Properties

.Effects Of Smoking On Your Body _How Smoking Affects Your Health _Adverse Effects Of Smoking

Constipation is actually a symptom, rather than a disease. Generally defined as when bowel movements occur 3 or fewer times a week, that are difficult to pass. According to the Rome 4 criteria for constipation, a patient must have experienced at least two of the following symptoms over the preceding 6 months. Fewer than 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week. Straining for more than 25% of defecation attempts. Lumpy, or hard stools for at least 25% of defecation attempts. Sensation of anal or rectal obstruction or blockage for at least 25% of defecation attempts. Sensation of incomplete defecation for at least 25% of defecation attempts. Manual maneuvering required to defecate for at least 25% of defecation attempts. There are many causes for constipation. General ones include Low fiber diet; And immobility. Metabolic, and endocrine causes are, Diabetes; Hypothyroidism; And porphyria. Certain drugs can also cause constipation. Including opiates; Calcium channel blockers; Antidepressants; Iron; And anti muscarinic agents. Neurological causes of constipation include spinal cord lesions; And Parkinson’s disease. Psychological causes of constipation are, depression; Anorexia nervosa; And repressed urge to defecate. Any gastro intestinal disease can cause constipation. Common ones include, Intestinal obstruction; Colon cancer; Anal fissures; And Diverticular disease. In order to treat constipation, first, any underlying disease should be treated. In addition, increasing the fiber content of the diet; And increasing fluid intake will help soften the stools and propel them more easily through the digestive tract. In some cases, laxatives may also be needed. #Constipation #ConstipationRelief #MedToday

Human scabies is an intensely pruritic skin infestation caused by the host specific mite, Sarcoptes scabiei hominis. Scabies is a global public health problem, affecting persons of all ages, races, and socio economic groups. The disease remains common primarily because of diagnostic difficulty; Inadequate treatment of patients & their contacts; And improper environmental control measures. Prevalence of scabies is higher in children, and sexually active individuals than in other persons. Transmission of scabies primarily occurs through direct skin to skin contact, and for this reason, it is commonly seen among sexually active individuals. Less frequently, the disease can spread by indirect contact through fomites, such as infested bedding or clothing. A person infested with mites can spread the disease even if he or she is asymptomatic. And there may be a prolonged period between the primary infection & symptom onset. Human Scabies mite is an obligate parasite, that completes its entire life cycle on humans. And only the female mite infects the human. It is large enough to be seen with the naked eye. The mite has four pairs of legs; And it crawls at a rate of 2.5 cm per minute. It is unable to fly or jump. The mite does not penetrate the superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. It is able to survive on bedding, clothes, or other surfaces at room temperature for abut 2 to 3 days. At temperatures below 20 degree Celsius, the mite is unable to move. However, it can survive such temperatures for extended periods. This image shows the complete life cycle of the scabies mite. The female mite lays eggs inside the burrow she made within the stratum corneum, as you can see in this picture. Then the eggs hatch within 2 to 3 days to form larvae, which have 3 pairs of legs. Then the larvae mature in to nymphs, which have 4 pairs of legs. Finally, the larger nymphs become adults. Mating takes place only once, and the female is fertile for the rest of her life. Mature female makes a serpentine burrow in the stratum corneum, using proteolytic enzymes in order to lay eggs to start a new cycle. There are 2 main types of scabies, classic scabies; And crusted scabies. Classic scabies is the predominant type, and typically 10 to 15 mites live in the host. There is little evidence of infection exists during the first month. However, after 4 weeks & with subsequent infections, a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction occurs against mites, eggs, larvae, & feces. With re infestation, the sensitized individual may develop a rapid reaction. The resultant skin eruption & associated intense pruritis are the hallmarks of classic scabies. Crusted scabies is a distinctive, and highly contagious form of the disease. In this variant, hundreds to millions of mites infest the host individual, who is usually immunocompromised, elderly, or physically or mentally impaired. Risk factors for scabies include, young age; Presence of many children in the household; Poor housing; Sharing clothes & towels; And irregular use of showers. Patients complain of intense pruritis that is worse at night. Lesions are distributed predominantly in the following areas in adults. Flexor aspects of the wrists. Inter digital web spaces of the hands. Axillae. Elbows. Waist. Buttocks. And genitalia. Pruritic papules & vesicles on the scrotum & penis in men, and areolae in women are highly characteristic. Infants & young children may develop lesions diffusely, but unlike in adults, lesions are common on the face, scalp, neck, palms, & soles. In immunocompromised individuals, all cutaneous sites are susceptible for lesions. Physical examination findings include primary & secondary lesions. Primary lesions are the first manifestations of the infestation, and typically include small papules, vesicles, and burrows. Burrows are a pathognomonic sign that represents the intra epidermal tunnel created by the moving female mite. They appear as serpiginous, thread like elevations in the superficial epidermis, ranging from 2 to 10 mm in length. These may not be readily apparent, and must be actively sought. A black dot may be seen at one end of the burrow, indicating the presence of a mite. High yield locations for burrows include the following. Webbed spaces of the fingers. Flexor surfaces of the wrists. Elbows. Axillae. Belt line. Feet. Scrotum in men. And Areolae in women. #Scabies #ScabiesSigns&Symptoms #ScabiesTreatment

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal carcinoma, is the most common type of gastro intestinal cancer, and is the 3rd most common cancer worldwide. The incidence of new cases & mortality from colon cancer has been decreased over the past few years, possibly related to the increase in cancer screening, & better treatment modalities. Colon cancer affects both sexes equally. Colon cancer has a multifactorial etiology. Meaning that several factors together contribute to the pathogenesis. These factors include genetic factors; Environmental factors, mainly the diet; And inflammatory conditions affecting the gastro intestinal tract. Genetics plays a major role in colon cancer. Family history of colon cancer carries a higher risk of developing the condition. Two most common inherited colon cancer syndromes include; Familial adenomatous polyposis; And Lynch syndrome. However, it is important to note that apart from these syndromes, there are many other genetic mutations can lead to the development of colon cancer. Environmental factors related to the development of colon cancer include the following. High consumption of red meat, organ meat, and animal fat. Low fiber diet. Low intake of fruits & vegetables. High alcohol consumption. And high fructose corn syrup. Primary inflammatory condition associated with colon cancer is inflammatory bowel disease, which has 2 entities, Ulcerative colitis; And crohn’s disease. Other risk factors for colon cancer include the following. Smoking. Inappropriate use of antibiotics. Obesity & metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. And poorly controlled acromegaly disease. Now let’s see some common signs & symptoms of colon cancer. Because of increased emphasis on screening practices, colon cancer is now often detected before it starts to cause symptoms. However, in more advanced cases, patient may experience following clinical features. Iron deficiency anemia due to chronic blood loss. Rectal bleeding. Abdominal mass. Intestinal obstruction. Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation, or diarrhea; And loss of appetite. In addition, there may be a palpable mass in the abdomen. Patient may also have hepatomegaly, or enlargement of the liver; And fluid build up in the peritoneal cavity, also known as ascites. #ColonCancer #ColonCancerSymptoms #EarlySigns&SymptomsOfColonCancer #MedToday

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, caused by an un regulated immune response to host intestinal micro flora. Two major entities of inflammatory bowel disease have been identified. Ulcerative colitis, which is limited to the colon & rectum. And Crohn’s disease, which can involve any segment of the gastro intestinal tract. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more prone to develop malignancies later in their lives. Ulcerative colitis patients tend to develop colon cancer; Whereas Crohn’s disease patients tend to develop cancer in the small intestine. So, in this video we are going to discuss about Crohn’s disease specifically. And in the next video we will discuss about Ulcerative colitis. However, it is important to note that the pathogenesis of the two entities are much similar, and only the morphologic features, clinical presentation, and treatment may differ. Chapters :- Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease Morphologic features Clinical presentation Diagnosis Treatment #Crohn'sDisease #MedToday

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, caused by an un regulated immune response to host intestinal micro flora. Two major entities of inflammatory bowel disease have been identified. Ulcerative colitis, which is limited to the colon & rectum. And Crohn’s disease, which can involve any segment of the gastro intestinal tract. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are more prone to develop malignancies later in their lives. Ulcerative colitis patients tend to develop colon cancer; Whereas Crohn’s disease patients tend to develop cancer in the small intestine. So, in this video we are going to discuss about Ulcerative specifically. However, it is important to note that the pathogenesis of the two entities are much similar, and only the morphologic features, clinical presentation, and treatment may differ. Chapters :- Causes & pathogenesis Morphologic features Clinical presentation (signs & symptoms) Diagnosis Treatment #UlcerativeColitis #InlfammatoryBowelDisease #IBD #MedToday

Pneumonia is defined as inflammation in the substance of the lung; Which is usually caused by bacteria. However, it can also be caused by viruses & fungi. There are several different types of pneumonia. Community acquired pneumonia is the commonest type, and it is acquired through the community. Hospital acquired pneumonia occurs following a hospital stay for some other condition. This type of pneumonia could be quite nasty, because bacterial strains causing hospital acquired pneumonia are highly resistant to usual antibiotics. Aspiration pneumonia occurs following aspiration of food material or stomach content, caused by impaired swallowing. Immunocompromised patients can acquire pneumonia due to a genetic defect, immune suppressive medication, or due to H I V infection. Because the patient is immunocompromised in this type, it is considered as a different entity. Ventilator associated pneumonia, is acquired through mechanical ventilation on a critical care unit. Common signs & symptoms of pneumonia include the following. Fever, with or without chills & rigors. Productive cough with white or purulent sputum. Coughing up blood, also known as hemoptysis. Loss of appetite due to inflammatory mediators. Shortness of breath, due to impaired oxygen exchange. Malaise. Cyanosis. Confusion. Increased respiratory rate, also called tachypnea. Increased heart rate, or tachycardia. Low blood pressure. Mild chest pain during inspiration, this is known as pleuritic type chest pain. Now let’s discuss about the diagnosis. First, the patients blood oxygen saturation will be assessed by a pulse oximeter. Blood tests will show elevated white blood cell counts; And C reactive protein levels due to on going inflammation. Chest X ray is mandatory in suspected pneumonia cases. Here we have a normal chest X ray. This is a chest X ray of a pneumonia patient. Small white arrows indicate the consolidation in the lung due to inflammatory infiltrate in pneumonia. In addition to these tests, sputum is taken for microscopic examination & culture to identify the causative organism. Finally let’s discuss about the treatment. Mild pneumonia can usually be treated at home with antibiotics, and plenty of rest. A patient should always finish taking a prescribed course of antibiotics even if he or she feels better. In addition to antibiotics, pain killers such as paracetamol & ibuprofen may be given to relieve pain. Patients are also advised to avoid smoking; And drink plenty of water to keep hydrated. By contrast, severe pneumonia is treated in a healthcare setting, with intravenous fluid & antibiotics, and appropriate supportive care. Supplemental oxygen may also be needed in some cases. #Pneumonia #PneumoniaSigns&Symptoms #MedToday

In this video I discuss about vitamin B12 deficiency, its causes, and major signs & symptoms #VitaminB12Deficiency #MedToday

In this video I discuss about important health benefits of pineapple.

Calories provide the energy that your body needs to function and stay alive. Foods that are already low in calories may actually provide fewer calories than expected. This is because your body needs energy to digest them. So, in this video we are going to look at ten foods that have almost zero calories. 1. Iceberg lettuce 2. Radishes 3. Celery 4. Tomatoes 5. Garlic 6. Chard 7. Asparagus 8. Spinach 9. Cabbage 10. Cauliflower #FoodsLowInCalories #LowCalorieFoods #MedToday

In this video I discuss about the causes, signs & symptoms, and foods that are rich in vitamin D. #VitaminDDeficiency #SignsfVitaminDDeficiency #MedToday