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In 1972, John B. Calhoun built an utopia for mice. Every aspect of Universe 25, as this particular model was called, was designed to cater for the well-being of its rodent residents, increase their lifespan, and allow them to mate. It was not the first time the ethologist had built a world for rodents. Colhoun had been creating utopian environments for rats and mice since the 1940s, with consistent results: overpopulation leads to explosive violence and hypersexual activity, followed by asexuality, self-destruction, and extinction. READ THE PAPER “Escaping the Laboratory: The Rodent Experiments of John B. Calhoun & Their Cultural Influence,” from Edmund Ramsden & Jon Adams : http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/22514/ or http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/22514/1/2308Ramadams.pdf SUPPORT us to understand human beings more! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/behavioral-sink-the-mouse-utopia-experiments/ VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Adam Berry, Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Bernd Gaertner, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Izzy, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linda Kinkead, Linus Linderoth, Lucia Simone Winston, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Povilas Ambrasas, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Takashi HIROSE, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yassine Hamza, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Edmund Ramsden & Jon Adams Editor: Will Wiles, a London-based author and journalist Screenplay: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact Checking: Ludovico Saint Amour di Chanaz Production: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus Terror Avenue - Jack Pierce Divine Masquerade - Jack Pierce DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Watch Soylent Green, 1973. The film depicts a futuristic society in which overpopulation is so catastrophic and food in such short supply that the populace survives on rations of the titular food product, which turns out to be made from processed human flesh. Watch Snowpiercer (Netflix, 2020) depicting a society in a train where population has to be controlled and the ecosystem rests on a very thin equilibrium. Read about Behavioral Sink on Longreads https://longreads.com/2011/09/07/the-behavioral-sink/ Read about the life and work of John B Calhoun https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Calhoun SOURCES Edmund Ramsden & Jon Adams, “Escaping the Laboratory: The Rodent Experiments of John B. Calhoun & Their Cultural Influence,” The Journal of Social History, vol. 42, no. 3 (2009). Available as a working paper at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/22514/ or http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/22514/1/2308Ramadams.pdf The Behavioral Sink, the mouse universes of John B. Calhoun by Will Wiles http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/42/wiles.php Death Squared: The Explosive Growth and Demise of a Population https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1644264/pdf/procrsmed00338-0007.pdf John B. Calhoun, “Death Squared: The Explosive Growth and Demise of a Mouse Population,” in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 66 (January 1973), pp. 80–88. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1644264. John B. Calhoun, “Population Density and Social Pathology,” Scientific American, vol. 206, no. 2 (February 1962), pp. 139–150. Available at http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1963-02809-001 CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES Visit our website to learn more on suggested activity for a classroom on this topic! CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:11 Universe 25 experiment 00:51 Beginning of experiment 01:18 Population growth 02:25 Population peaks 02:59 The last conception 04:10 Behavioral sink 04:56 What do you think? 05:26 Patrons credits 05:35 Ending #sproutsschools, #universe25, #behavior, #utopia

Money has evolved over time from bartering to the use of coins, paper, and digital transactions. Early forms of it included livestock, which then gave way to the use of precious metals like gold and silver. Paper currency was first introduced in China in the 7th century and then banks emerged. Today, some people start to use digital currencies like Bitcoin. But what is money and how did it come about? SUPPORT us to make more economics videos! 🐦: https://www.patreon.com/sprouts DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/the-history-of-money-barter-fiat-and-bitcoin/ VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Adam Berry, Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Bernd Gaertner, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Izzy, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linda Kinkead, Linus Linderoth, Lucia Simone Winston, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Povilas Ambrasas, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Takashi HIROSE, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yassine Hamza, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin and Karl Von Luckwald Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithril Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact Checking: Ludovico Saint Amour di Chanaz SOUNDTRACKS Toys Day Out - Shaun Frearson Guilty Pleasures - Olive Musique DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Learn more about barter https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/02/barter-society-myth/471051/ Watch this video about the first 5000 years of debt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZIINXhGDcs Learn more about Bitcoin and about mining bitcoin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_network#Mining Learn about the Gold Standard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_standard Learn about the difference between money and wealth https://www.thewisdompost.com/money/difference-wealth-money-answered/1607 SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat_money https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to find suggested activity on this topic! CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:22 Barter system 01:13 First from of money 01:40 Trust 02:13 Fiat Money 03:18 Cryptocurrencies 03:44 What do you think? 05:50 Patrons credits 06:00 Ending #sproutsschools #economics #money #history #trade #cryptocurrencies #bitcoin

While facts are informative, they are also boring and less likely to be remembered or to convince someone of an idea. Stories and fiction on the other hand are more memorable, but also a lot more interpretable and the underlying message might not always be understood. Both, however, are important in the context of education. Let’s take the example of tragedies and Oedipus. SUPPORT us to make more active learning videos! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/facts-vs-fiction-what-is-better-for-learning/ VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Adam Berry, Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Bernd Gaertner, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Izzy, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Lucia Simone Winston, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Povilas Ambrasas, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Takashi HIROSE, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yassine Hamza, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact Checking: Ludovico Saint Amour di Chanaz SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus A Toy’s Day Out - Shuan Frearson The Haunted Manor - HWIYO DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Check out “The Enigma of Reason” that explores why facts are not enough to convince us. https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/32336635 Read about the importance of narration with the Narrative Immersion Model. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6369912/ Read about the underlying neural bases of why emotional stories are better remembered. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34418544/ SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oedipus https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/79631 CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to find out suggested activity for classroom with this topic! CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:29 Tragedy definition 00:49 Oedipus story 02:43 Fact vs Fiction 04:32 What do you think? 05:27 Patrons credits 05:35 Ending #sproutsschools, #memory , #learning , #tragedy , #facts , #fiction

Government welfare programs support the poor at the expense of the rich — most would think. Economist Milton Friedman called this the Robin Hood Myth. He cites state-funded higher education as an example, pointing out that it's often people from higher-middle class families who benefit the most, while low-income taxpayers end up paying for their education. What are you thinking? Was he right? SUPPORT us to understand more about the society we live in! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon! VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Takashi HIROSE, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Editor: Morgan Lizop Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact Checking: Ludovico Saint Amour di Chanaz SOUNDTRACKS Midnight Mischief - Jonathan Boyle Badly Behaved - Shaun Frearson DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Watch Milton Friedman explain the Robbin Hood myth in his own words. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNc-xhH8kkk Listen to Angus Deaton on Inequality, Trade, and the Robin Hood Principle, https://www.econtalk.org/angus-deaton-on-inequality-trade-and-the-robin-hood-principle/ Read about how education affects voter turnout in elections. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25791906 Was Friedmon wrong? This research shows that a rising number of college students come from underprivileged backgrounds. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/05/22/a-rising-share-of-undergraduates-are-from-poor-families-especially-at-less-selective-colleges/ SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director%27s_law https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNc-xhH8kkk CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to access suggested exercise for the class on this topic! CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:21 Robin Hood Myth 00:38 Director's law 01:45 State-financed higher education facts 02:57 What do you think? 03:17 Brilliant 04:21 Patrons credits 04:30 Ending

Most people in the western world used to have a solid idea about our origins: all living organisms were deliberately formed by a single creator. Then, in 1831, a 22-year old student decided to go on an expedition that would change everything. Upon returning home Darwin came up with his theory of natural selection — a process through which living organisms adapt, reproduce, and change. The evolution of peppered moths in the United Kingdom during the industrial revolution is a great example of this process. SUPPORT us to learn more about this world! 🐦: https://www.patreon.com/sprouts DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/natural-selection-survival-of-the-fittest/ VISIT our website 🌐: www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Takashi HIROSE, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact Checking: Ludovico Saint Amour di Chanaz SOUNDTRACKS Cheeky Plum Fairy - Shaun Frearson Toy Days Out - Shaun Frearson Midnight Mischief - Jonathan Boyle DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Learn more about natural selection and the different selection types on the Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/science/natural-selection Learn how evolution impacts biology and psychology in this famous Stanford University lectures on Human Behavioral Biology by Robert Sapolsky https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNnIGh9g6fA&list=PL848F2368C90DDC3D Read On Origin of the Species, Darwin’s original book in form of a PFD. https://www.vliz.be/docs/Zeecijfers/Origin_of_Species.pdf Check out the TierZoo YouTube channel which is all about nature, the game of life, and survival https://www.youtube.com/c/TierZoo/videos Read this Nature paper: Evaluating the role of natural selection in the evolution of gene regulation https://www.nature.com/articles/6801000 SOURCES Sexual selection - Wikipedia.org Natural selection - Wikipedia.org History of evolutionary thought - Wikipedia.org On the origin of species - Wikipedia.org Charles Darwin - Wikipedia.org Tree of life (biology) - Wikipedia.org CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Check out our website to access suggested class activity for this topic!

In a free market, unlimited human wants often meet sellers with limited supplies. In such a place, competition is usually a force of good. It leads to more choice, increases the quality of products on offer and reduces their prices. If competition is absent, monopolies can form. And that's a problem. Learn about the basic benefits of competition. SUPPORT us in creating more videos about free market economics ❤️ https://www.patreon.com/sprouts DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫 https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔 http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓 https://sproutsschools.com/competition-price-and-monopolies/ VISIT our website 🌐: www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Takashi HIROSE, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Jaquet and Jonas Koblin Script Editor: Morgan Lizop Fact-checking: Ludovico Saint Amour Di Chanaz Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithrilda Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Tarantella - Adieu Adieu DIG DEEPER with these top videos and articles: Listen to the insights of former Uber’s chief economist John List and learn why competition makes it so difficult for Uber to increase the money their drivers earn — even adding tips didn’t work. https://www.econtalk.org/john-list-on-scale-uber-and-the-voltage-effect/ Read about Uber's surge pricing in this case study. https://economicsforlife.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/effects_of_ubers_surge_pricing.pdf Read about cartels and why it's good for society to have strong laws that fight them. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Cartels.html Competition, and good overview by Wolfgan Kastper from the Econlib. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Competition.html Play Monopoly or Catan to learn how demand, supply and monopolies lead to winners and losers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_(game) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catan Watch Sprouts video on Supply and demand. https://youtu.be/LTKP-mm3Hb0 SOURCES Competition (economics) - Wikipedia.org Monopoly - Wikipedia.org Supply and demand - Wikipedia.org CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to check out suggested class activity on this topic!

In the summer of 1954, a school bus with a group of 12-year old boys arrived at Robbers Cave State Park in Oklahoma. The boys thought they were going camping. Their parents at home believed the sponsored trip had something to do with leadership. None of them knew that they were actually part of a controversial experiment on realistic conflict resolution. SUPPORT us to make more videos! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/realistic-conflict-theory-the-psychology-of-war-and-peace/ VISIT our website 🌐: www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Takashi HIROSE, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact-checking: Ludovico Saint Amour Di Chanaz Production: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus My Banjo - RimskyMusic Terror Avenue - Jace Pierce Midnight Mischief - Jonathan Boyle DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Read about Lutfy Diab, who repeated the experiment with 18 boys from Beirut. The 'Blue Ghost' and 'Red Genies' groups each contained 5 Christians and 4 Muslims. Fighting soon broke out, not Christian vs Muslim but Blue vs Red. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lutfy_Diab&action=edit&redlink=1 Read about social judgment theory, a self-persuasion theory proposed by Carolyn Sherif, Muzafer Sherif, and Carl Hovland. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-persuasion Read more about realistic conflict theory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realistic_conflict_theory Watch original photography footage from the camp. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9DyGsuvIPo SOURCES Realistic conflict theory - Wikipedia.org Muzafer Sherif - Wikipedia.org Carolyn Sherif - Wikipedia.org Mcleod, S. (2008). Robbers Cave Experiment / Realistic Conflict Theory - Simply Psychology. The robbers cave experiment Muzafer Sherif - Age-of-the-sage.org CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to learn more on suggested activity for the class on this topic!

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the liberty to articulate opinions without fear of retaliation or censorship. While the idea is old — John Milton argued that a marketplace of ideas should be as open and free as possible in 1644 — it took until 1948 before freedom of speech gained global recognition via the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations. But what exactly is it, what statements are protected by it, and which ones aren't? SUPPORT us to make more videos on social science! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/freedom-of-speech/ VISIT our website http://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Nicole Leifeld Editor: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Fact-checking: Ludovico Saint Amour Di Chanaz Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Nice Toys - Studio Le Bus Midnight Mischief - Jonathan Boyle DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Look at this list of all older and current protests around the globe. https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/interactive/protest-tracker?gclid=CjwKCAjw7p6aBhBiEiwA83fGugdLS1lGfi2PMUYOHq1o_o-WXq6Fsn_KD1OkMW4tkfNV80QOJp-aCRoCPhAQAvD_BwE Does espionage enter under the protection of free speech rights? Learn about the famous case of Schnek vs United States https://www.oyez.org/cases/1900-1940/249us47 Watch the full documentary about free speech activist Edward Snowden https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g_sqKH2z4I Watch the full documentary about Reddit founder and internet activist Aaron Schwarz https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q6Fzbgs_Lg SOURCES Freedom of speech - Wikipedia.org First Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia.org What is hate speech - Un.org CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to see recommended activity for the classroom on this topic.

Always and inevitably everyone underestimates the number of stupid individuals in circulation, Cipolla's Law of Stupidity states. Even though Carlo Cipolla originally formulated his principles in the form of an amusing letter to his friends, it soon gained wide attention among social theorists. Today Cipolla's law is often used to highlight the importance of critical thinking and careful decision making in order to counteract the potential effects of endemic ignorance in politics and corporations. SUPPORT us to make more videos! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/cipollas-5-laws-of-human-stupidity/ VISIT our website 🌐 : https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, jun omar ebdane, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Fact-checking: Ludovico Saint Amour Di Chanaz Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus Nice Toys - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Read The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity, Carlo M. Cipolla international bestseller Watch our video on Bonhoeffer's Theory of Stupidity SOURCES Carlo M. Cipolla - Wikipedia.org Zanini, A. (2023, January 16). The 5 Basic Laws of Human Stupidity Retrieved from Mind Cafe. Medium. Cipolla, C. M. (1988). The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity. Retrieved from Pdfcoffee.com CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to access suggested class activity.

Sometimes we find ourselves in a mental state in which we feel unable to change a negative situation. If that happens for a prolonged period of time this can result in learned helplessness — we no longer even attempt to alter our circumstances. The concept was first introduced by Martin Seligman who noticed it in dogs that were repeatedly exposed to electric shocks and stopped trying to avoid them even when given the chance. SUPPORT us to understand human beings better! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/learned-helplessness/ VISIT our website 🌐 : https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, Daniele Diniz, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Mezes.Macko, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nick Valerio, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Thomas Aschan, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Fact-checking: Ludovico Saint Amour Di Chanaz Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Badly Behaved - Shaun Frearson Magical Keys - Studio Le Bus Alone in Montmartre - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Learned Optimism - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_optimism Learned Helplessness: The Effect of Failure on Test-Taking - Cedarville University https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=psychology_publications Pavlov's Classical Conditioning – Sprouts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jd7Jdug5SRc Marques, D. B., Ruggiero, R. N., Bueno-Junior, L. S., Rossignoli, M. T., & Leite, J. P. (2022). Prediction of Learned Resistance or Helplessness by Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortical Network Activity during Stress. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 42(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0128-21.2021 SOURCES Learned Helplessness - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learned_helplessness What is Learned Helplessness – Medical News Today https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325355 What is Learned Helplessness? - Verywell Mind https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-learned-helplessness-2795326 Classroom Activity Visit our website to access suggested exercise for this topic. CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:22 Martin Seligman & Steven F. Maier 00:38 The experiment 01:16 Conclusion 01:45 The story of Joe 02:42 What do you think? 03:03 Patron credits 03:12 Ending #sproutslearning #psychology #learnedhelplessness

Imagine you place a $5,000 non-refundable deposit on a venue for your wedding, but later decide to call everything off. What would be the cost of canceling? If you think it’s $5,000, you fell for what’s known as the sunk cost fallacy — a common cognitive bias. From an economic perspective, it's what we give up going forward with the decision to cancel and does not include the cost of the venue rental, because no matter whether we get married or not we’re out the $5,000. That choice has already been made and is irreversible. It has become what we call a sunk cost. Because sunk costs cannot be changed going forward, they are not relevant to the next decision. SUPPORT us to make more videos on economics! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon! VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones ☑️: https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Justin Keith, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Oweeda Newton, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin and Jonas Jaquet Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador Proofreading: Susan SOUNDTRACKS Cannonball Swing - RimskyMusic DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Listen to Annie Duke talk about the power of quitting Research on Animal decision-making and the ‘Concorde fallacy’ Read how researchers are measuring the sunk costs fallacy by presenting people with questions about what they would do in various hypothetical scenarios. Economist Mary Hirschfeld talks with Russ Roberts about the nature of our economic activity. The conversation includes a critique of economic theory, including regarding sunk cost as a fallacy. An overview of the sunk costs fallacy. SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunk_cost The Psychology of Sunk Cost - Hal Arkes and Catherine Blumer (1985) http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/the_psychology_of_sunk_cost.pdf The Sunk Cost and Concorde Effects: Are Humans Less Rational than Lower Animals - Hal Arkes and Peter Ayton (1999) http://www.americandreamcoalition.org/transit/sunkcosteffect.pdf Mary Hirschfeld on Sunk Costs https://www.econtalk.org/mary-hirschfeld-on-economics-culture-and-aquinas-and-the-market/ CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to access suggested classroom activity on this topic. CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:37 Jimmy's story 01:15 Sunk cost fallacy 01:56 experiment by Hal Arkes & Catherine Blumer 02:30 3 psychological reasons behind this behavior 03:14 What was your experience 03:40 Patrons credits 03:50 Ending #sproutslearning #economics #sunkcost

Social intelligence is the ability to know oneself and to know others in order to evaluate our own and other people's actions properly. It is composed of five capacities; sympathy, self-awareness, empathy, meta-cognition and theory of mind. Those who lack social intelligence might misunderstand others with potentially tragic consequences. SUPPORT us to make us understand human beings better! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones ☑️: https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Jim Pilgrim, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Justin Keith, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador Fact checking: Ludovico Di Chanaz SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus Terror Avenue - Jack Pierce DIG DEEPER with these top videos games and resources How well can you read the emotions of others just by looking at their eyes? Find out and compare yourself to others with this free Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. http://socialintelligence.labinthewild.org/mite/ Read more about the Empathy Quotient (EQ), a 60-item questionnaire designed to measure empathy in adults. The test was developed by Simon Baron-Cohen at ARC (the Autism Research Centre) at the University of Cambridge. https://psychology-tools.com/test/empathy-quotient Puppet play exercise for young children: Show children at the age of 2-8 a doll with a lollipop, an owl and three coloured boxes. The doll then puts the lollipop into a blue box and leaves. Unbeknownst to the doll, the owl shows up and moves the lollipop from the blue box into a red box. Then the owl leaves, the doll returns and asks the children where the doll would look for the lollipop. While young children are guessing, older children understand that the doll has a false belief and point out that she will look for the treat in the blue box. Learn about the Anne Test for Theory of Mind or watch this short 4 minute video about it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally%E2%80%93Anne_test https://youtu.be/0bi0WCLJveM SOURCES Social intelligence - Wikipedia Theory of mind - Wikipedia Sympathy - Wikipedia Empathy - Wikipedia Self-awareness - Wikipedia Metacognition - Wikipedia CLASSROOM ACTIVITY Visit our website to see recommend exercise for this topic! CHAPTERS 00:00 Car crash story 00:38 What is social intelligence? 01:05 5 core cognitive skills 04:14 Social intelligence facts 04:46 What do you think? 05:05 Patrons credit 05:14 Ending #sproutslearning #socialintelligence #empathy #sympathy #commonsense

There are two main types of legal systems in the world: Common Law and Civil law. Civil Law is characterized by thinking on the basis of general and abstract provisions. Common Law is guided by similar cases that happened in the past. In this video we explore both, and learn what happens if you are walking down the street and suddenly a roof tile lands on your head. This video script was written by Dr. Nicole Leifeld. Thank you! SUPPORT us to learn more about the systems we live in! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/the-legal-systems-we-live-in-today/ VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones ☑️: https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Alex Rodriguez, Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Gerry Labelle, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Justin Keith, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, martin, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Michael Paradis, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Raymond Fujioka, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham, Zlatko Minev and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Dr. Nicole Leifeld Editor: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithril Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact checking: Ludovico Di Chanaz Production management: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus Nice Toys - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Watch how Holger Spamann examines the myths and reality of common and civil law -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHrtq-hCiwo Watch this Agatha Christie x Billy Wilder classic: Witness for the Prosecution -https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051201/ Watch Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 01 "THE MORAL SIDE OF MURDER" -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBdfcR-8hEY&list=PL30C13C91CFFEFEA6 SOURCES Civil Law - Wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system) Common Law - Wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_law Key features and differences between Civil law and Common law legal systems - Worldbank.org https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnership/legislation-regulation/framework-assessment/legal-systems/common-vs-civil-law German Civil Code - Gesetze-im-internet.de https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_bgb/englisch_bgb.html#p3527 CLASS ACTIVITY To learn more about suggested classroom activities, check out our website! CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:56 Continental European legal system 01:55 Anglo-American legal system 02:47 Civil law 03:10 Common law 03:55 What do you think? 04:14 Patrons credit 04:00 Ending #sproutslearning #legalsystem #civillaw #commonlaw

Fear of missing out is an anxiety of losing what we never even had, and could hence be described as an insane mental defect. However, it is common, real, and can make us feel deep regret for something that hasn’t actually happened. FOMO’s full destructive force can be observed in two friends who decided to invest their savings into bitcoin back in 2012. SUPPORT us to make more videos! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon! VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones ☑️: https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Justin Keith, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, Roel Vermeulen, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador Fact checking: Ludovico Di Chanaz Topic suggested by: Avanti Giridharan SOUNDTRACKS Cheeky Plum Fairy - Shaun Frearson Magical Keys - Studio Le Bus Terror Avenue - Jack Pierce DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Read more about fear of missing out and social media in this brief overview of the origin, theoretical underpinnings, and relationship with mental health. Read more about loss aversion and our tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains. Here are also 4 ideas from our editors on how to deal with the fear of missing out: First, if you want to spare your friends from their fears and FOMOs, be mindful of what you share. Not everyone needs to know how great your life is. Second, if you don't like your own FOMO, mingle with people who don’t compete in your domain. Third, use it to get good at something or start a new career. Just join a group of people who are great at what you are dreaming of becoming and let your FOMO do the rest. Fourth, if you want to close a deal, remind others of their FOMO to come to a conclusion fast. SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_missing_out The science https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886920307376 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0265407520945394 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200826101624.htm CLASSROOM EXERCISE To find out a suggested classroom activities, visit our website at https://sproutsschools.com CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:21 Nature of FOMO 00:56 Story of Tom & Jeff 03:15 How FOMO affect us 03:45 Research finding 04:02 What do you think? 04:27 Patron credits 04:37 Ending #psychology #fomo #fear #anxiety #sproutslearning

In economics, an externality is an indirect cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of someone else's activity. Negative externalities can pose a fundamental problem to society. The story of Tony, a fisherman, shows what can happen when negative externalities are not internalized. SUPPORT us to make more videos on economics! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon! VISIT our website 🌐: https://www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones ☑️ : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons (UPDATE 15/NOV/2022) This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Justin Keith, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, Scott Gregory, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit https://patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin and Jonas Jacquet Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithril Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games, and resources: Listen to this EconTalk episode with Mike Mungers on subsidies and externalities. https://www.econtalk.org/munger-on-subsidies-and-externalities/ Read this overview on externalities by Brian Caplan. https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Externalities.html Watch Sprouts' video on tragedy of the commons. https://sproutsschools.com/tragedy-of-the-commons/ Learn more about supply and demand https://sproutsschools.com/supply-and-demand-the-force-behind-your-cup-of-coffee/ SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2010/12/basics.htm#:~:text=Externalities https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/051515/how-do-externalities-affect-equilibrium-and-create-market-failure.asp CLASSROOM EXERCISE To view suggested classroom activities on this topic, check out our website at https://sproutsschools.com CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:44 Environmental impact 01:07 Social behavior impact 01:32 Solution 2:00 Distortion of supply and demand 02:35 Tragedy of the commons 03:01 To prevent negative externalities 03:18 Summary 03:41 What do you think? 04:13 Patrons' credits 04:22 Ending #economics #sproutslearning #externalities #socialcost

When a person is smoking cannabis, one of the plant’s chemicals known as THC, passes from the lungs into the bloodstream and then to the brain. If that brain is exposed to a lot of THC, but still immature, the part responsible for controlling emotions may never reach its full potential. This can have long-term consequences and effects on one's measurable intelligence, learning and judgment. But there are also other reasons why teens should not consume weed. This video was made possible with the kind support of https://weed.com SUPPORT us to educate teens about the world they live in! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon! VISIT our website: https://sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the sponsorship from www.weed.com and the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Fatenah G Issa, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Justin Keith, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Mindozone, Natalie O’Brien, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador Fact-checking: Ludovico Di Chanaz SOUNDTRACKS Cheeky Plum Fairy - Shaun Frearson Magical Keys - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Watch this 16-minutes documentary: High School: Marijuana in an American Public High School. Smoking pot has become almost a norm at this Portland high school. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BApEKGUpcXs Learn about Teen Brain Development with this short explainer video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpfnDijz2d8 SOURCES Understanding the Teen Brain https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=3051# Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1206820109 Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study https://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d738 Adolescent Initiation of Cannabis Use and Early-Onset Psychosis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25774457/ CLASSROOM EXERCISE To learn more about suggested classroom activity on this topic, check out our website! CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 01:14 THC effect on brain 01:34 Adult vs Teenage brain 03:30 Conclusion 03:56 What do you think? 04:13 Sponsor credit 04:20 Ending #teens #weed #brain #sproutslearning

Self-determination theory argues that people are motivated to learn, grow and change their lives, if their three basic psychological needs are satisfied: competence, connection, and autonomy. People who are unable to fulfill these three needs, may feel amotivation, or need extrinsic rewards to learn or make changes. They often experience little control over their own lives, no sense of self-determination, and often also poor mental health. SUPPORT us to make more videos on motivation! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/self-determination-theory-3-basic-needs-that-drive-our-behavior/ VISIT our website : www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons (Update on 27/OCT/2022) This video was made with the help of Yurou Wang and the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basillio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Mindosone, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, The Freudian Centre, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Yurou Wang, PhD, Clinical Assistant Professor, The University of Alabama Editors:Jonas Koblin, Morgan Lizop Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Fact-checking: Ludovico Di Chanaz Production: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Inspector Swing - Studio Le Bus A Toy’s Day Out - Shaun Frearson DIG DEEPER with these other sprouts videos Extrinsic Motivation vs. Intrinsic Motivation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLiasZwWTjA Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-4ithG_07Q SOURCES Center for Self-determination Theory (2021). Meta-Theory: The Organismic Viewpoint. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/ Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). Self-determination theory: When mind mediates behavior. The Journal of mind and Behavior, 33-43. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. Wang, Y., & Wind, S. A. (2020). Comparing internalization of learning motivation between American and Chinese college students. Journal of Psychological and Educational Research, 28(2), 7-30. https://positivepsychology.com/self-determination-theory/ CLASSROOM EXERCISE Visit www.sproutsschools.com to access suggested classroom activities for this topic. CHAPTERS 00:00 Introduction 00:18 3 Basic needs that drive our behavior 01:05 Self-determination spectrum 04:58 How to regain self-determination from burn outs 05:08 Richard Ryan & Edward Deci 05:51 What do you think? 06:10 Patrons credits 06:20 Ending #motivation #psychology #selfdetermination #sproutslearning

Cognitive dissonance is based on the idea that when two ideas are psychologically not consistent with each other, we change them and make them consistent. If the two conflicting ideas are deeply ingrained in our identity, this mental imbalance can become overwhelming and intoxicate our thoughts — and as a result we may believe even the most absurd conspiracy theories. Watch this video about the origins of this idea and its original research from 1954. SUPPORT us to make more videos about psychological phenomena. https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/cognitive-dissonance-our-battle-with-conflicting-beliefs/ VISIT our website www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, Harmonica Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Khadijah Sellers, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, María, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Michael Brown, Mindosone, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, The Freudian Centre, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Head of Partnership Programme: Selina Bador Fact checking: Ludo Saint Amour di Chanaz Production: Bianka Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Toys Are Alive - Studio Le Bus Magical Keys - Studio Le Bus Terror Avenue - Jack Pierce DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Read about the meat paradox and how your brain wrestles with the ethics of eating animals in this piece by The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-meat-paradox-how-your-brain-wrestles-with-the-ethics-of-eating-animals-175683 Read a research paper on why reasoning is more strongly related to implausible than plausible conspiracy beliefs. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34813995/ Watch an interview with the author of The Intelligent Trap on why smart people make dumb mistakes. Or read his book. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY_e0-FOehY https://www.amazon.com/Intelligence-Trap-Smart-People-Mistakes/dp/0393651428 Read this overview on why people believe in conspiracy theories. https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/the-psychology-behind-conspiracy-theories SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Festinger https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When_Prophecy_Fails http://davenussbaum.com/blog/replicating-dissonance https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33799054/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5444193/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591587 CLASSROOM ACTIVITY To learn more on suggested classroom activities for this topic, check out our website! CHAPTERS 00:00 Introduction 01:08 The full story 01:38 Cognitive dissonance 02:41 The cult observation 03:17 Festinger's assessment 04:41 What do you think? 05:04 Patron credits 05:13 Ending #psychology #cognitivedissonance #sproutslearning #explainer

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When ordinary folks turn into crooks and criminals, it’s sometimes because they learn from the wrong crowds. Edwin Sutherland’s pioneering work in criminology greatly expanded our understanding of how this happens exactly. His theory of "differential association" suggests that there are 9 tenets to learning criminal behavior — and that we learn it almost like we learn anything else. SUPPORT us to make more videos on social science! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post on Sprouts website is coming soon! VISIT our website www.sproutsschools.com THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basilio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Brilliant Minds Learning, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, Harmoniac Design, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Leonel, Linus Linderoth, Liskaya, Marcel, Marco VanGuff, María, Marq Short, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Mindozone, Mique XO, Muhammad Humayun, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, The Freudian Centre, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Wolfgang Vullhorst, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithril Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Tarantella - Adieu Adieu Inspector Swing - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these videos and other resources Today we know that we are also influenced by genetic factors, hormones and special circumstances. Watch Robert Sapolsky explains the McNaughton rule and how brain damage can explain criminal behavior. Read the tragic case of Charles Whitman who, on August 1 1966, took the life of his mother, his wife and many innocent others, before he was executed. In a letter he wrote before the tragedy unfolded, he asked to check on his brain stating that something must have gone terribly wrong inside it. An autopsy after his death revealed a large tumor inside his head. His story, if true, is testimony that not only the environment, but also biological causes may be responsible for crimes that happen. Watch Asch’s Conformity Experiment to understand how easy people conform to group behavior. Learn more about social learning theory or watch our video on Bandura’s Bobo Beatdown Experiments SOURCES Edwin Sutherland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Sutherland Differential association https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_association Students computer crime https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/differential-association White Collar Crime https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-collar_crime White Collar Crime, original article https://www.jstor.org/stable/2083937 Differential association theory (Sutherland) https://soztheo.de/theories-of-crime/learning-subculture/differential-association-theory-sutherland/?lang=en Charles Whiteman https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Whitman Brain and the amygdala https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala CLASSROOM EXERCISE Visit our website to find out more about suggested activities on this topic! CHAPTERS 00:00 Introduction 00:46 9 Precepts of differential association 02:47 What do you think? 03:08 Patrons credit 03:17 Ending #criminology #socialscience #sproutslearning #sociallearning

There are arguably two types of intelligence. Fluid intelligence is your ability to reason quickly. It relies on the ability to hold attention and benefits from a strong working memory. Crystallized intelligence is your ability to apply knowledge from prior learning that was stored in your long term memory. To illustrate how the two work together, we created a short fairytale – a story of a young man, who wants to save a princess that was captured by an evil witch. SUPPORT SPROUTS to create more social science stories: https://www.patreon.com/sprouts DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/fluid-and-crystallized-intelligence/ VISIT our website www.sproutsschools.com THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basilio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, azad bel, Badrah, Brilliant Minds Learning, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Leonel, Liskaya, Marcel, Marco VanGuff, María, Marq Short, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Mindozone, Mique XO, Muhammad Humayun, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, The Freudian Centre, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Wolfgang Vullhorst, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Cameron Tan Editor: Jonas Koblin Fact checking: Ludo Saint Amour di Chanaz Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithril Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Nice Toys - Studio Le Bus Magical Keys - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these resources: Learn about a fluid intelligence test here. Scientists have long known that our ability to think quickly, also known as fluid intelligence, peaks around age 20 and then begins a slow decline. However, more recent findings, including a new study from neuroscientists at MIT suggest that the real picture is much more complex. SOURCES Fluid and crystallized intelligence https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence Research article on Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory https://www.pnas.org/content/105/19/6829 Development of the two over our age https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2014.00001 Au, J. et al. (2015). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis. Psychon Bull Rev, 22(2), 366-77. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0699-x Jaeggi, S. M., et al. (2008). Improving Fluid Intelligence with Training on Working Memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(19), 6829-6833. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801268105 Perera, A. (2020) Fluid vs Crystallized Intelligence. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/fluid-crystallized-intelligence.html Vinney, C. (2019).Fluid Versus Crystallized Intelligence: What’s the Difference?. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/fluid-crystallized-intelligence-4172807 Brain structure is important for both kind of intelligence and changes during the teens https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31999564/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/psychology/fluid-intelligence Nilokaus Tetens https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Nikolaus_Tetens CLASSROOM EXERCISE Visit our website at www.sproutsschools.com CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:04 Fluid intelligence 00:22 Crystallized intelligence 00:45 Story of collaboration 01:34 Fluid and Crystallized cooperation 02:17 Intelligence development stage 02:47 What do you think? 03:01 Patrons credits 03:10 Ending #sproutslearning #psychology #intelligence

When you look at the sun, sometimes it appears way larger than it actually is. The circle of light that makes it look bigger is called a halo. Beautiful women and handsome men produce the same effect. Their appearance can be so deceiving that we begin to attribute completely unrelated qualities to their looks. This bias is known as the halo effect. SUPPORT us to help teacher become less blinded by the Halo Effect: https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/the-halo-effect-the-superpower-of-beautiful-people/ VISIT our website : www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basilio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, Badrah, Brilliant Minds Learning, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Leonel, Liskaya, Marcel, Marco VanGuff, María, Marq Short, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Mindozone, Mique XO, Muhammad Humayun, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, The Freudian Centre, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Wolfgang Vullhorst, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Production: Selina Bador SOUNDTRACKS Divine Masquerade - Jack Pierce Cheeky Plum Fairy - Shaun Frearson DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Learn how the Halo Effect Affects Marketing This study, published by Nature, provides a comprehensive examination of the traits that predict attractiveness and examines whether facial appearance predicts health. Learn about the Confirmation Bias which is related to the Halo Effect. Read about baby schema, a set of facial and body features that make a creature appear "cute" and motivates others to care for it. SOURCES The original study: A constant error in psychological ratings. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-constant-error-in-psychological-ratings.-Thorndike/0a2ad6af640c93bf222da9b13a616afd05fc979b https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-halo-effect-2795906 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_effect The Attractiveness Halo Effect and the Babyface Stereotype in Older and Younger Adults: Similarities, Own-Age Accentuation, and OA Positivity Effects https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4020290/ CLASSROOM EXERCISE To learn more about suggested classroom activities on this topic, visit our website! CHAPTER 00:00 Example 00:21 Halo effect definition 00:50 History 01:12 Thorndike's finding 02:03 Halo effect study 03:17 What do you think 03:38 Patrons credit 03:47 Ending #psychology #sproutslearning #haloeffect #perception #stereotype

When you discuss a topic and everyone agrees, the conversation often dies out quickly. But when you disagree, you're putting yourself in opposition to what was said and the discussion continues. Paul Graham, a computer engineer, therefore proposed a “Hierarchy of Disagreement” in 2008. Learn at which level you are able to articulate your disagreement. Hopefully it’s not just name-calling or responding to tone. Go to Patreon and join our efforts to educate teachers and others on how to communicate better: https://www.patreon.com/sprouts DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫 https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post is coming soon! VISIT our website : www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basilio Rava, Angela, ArkiTechy, Artur, Badrah, Brilliant Minds Learning, Cedric.Wang, David Markham, Delandric Webb, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Karen Lewis, Kenneth Natvig, Leonel, Liskaya, Marcel, Marco VanGuff, María, Marq Short, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Mindozone, Mique XO, Muhammad Humayun, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, The Freudian Centre, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Wolfgang Vullhorst, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Script Editor: Morgan Lizop Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Nice Toy - Studio Le Bus Guilty Pleasures - Olive Musique DIG DEEPER with these top videos and articles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INdKgBPEI-8 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophistical_Refutations SOURCES https://www.britannica.com/topic/critical-race-theory/Basic-tenets-of-critical-race-theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Graham_(programmer)#Graham's_Hierarchy_of_Disagreement http://www.paulgraham.com/disagree.html QUOTES: WHO SAID WHAT? “Abortion is legal because babies can’t vote” — Joseph Bonkowski “No woman can call herself free who does not control her own body” — Margaret Sanger “Race and skin color are socially constructed, not biologically natural.” — 1st tenet, Critical Race Theory “If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear.” — George Orwell CLASSROOM EXERCISE Visit our website to find out about suggested classroom activities! CHAPTER 00:00 Opening quotes and statement 00:52 Introduction 01:19 Graham's hierarchy of disagreement 01:32 Level 1: Name-calling 01:48 Level 2: Ad hominem 02:14 Level 3: Responding to tone 02:41 Level 4: Contradiction 03:08 Level 5: Counterargument 03:41 Level 6: Refutation 04:13 Level 7: Refuting the central point 05:05 Benefit of knowing the form of argument 06:06 What do you think? 06:58 Patrons credits 07:07 Ending #disagreement #communication #sproutslearning #paulgraham #hierarchyofdisagreements

Supply and demand are the two forces that decide what we produce, buy and consume. Supply refers to the number of things that sellers make at a certain price. Demand refers to how many goods and services consumers buy at a certain price. And if you go out and get a cup of coffee for $3, it's because the two forces met at this price following a phenomenon known as emergent order. SUPPORT us if you think economic education is important. https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: https://sproutsschools.com/supply-and-demand-the-force-behind-your-cup-of-coffee/ VISIT our website : www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basilio Rava, Angela, Ann Hufstader, ArkiTechy, Artur, Badrah, Brilliant Minds Learning, C, Cedric.Wang, Daniel Kramer, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Isabelle, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Juliet Hutchings, L Efre, Leonel, Liskaya, Marcel, Marco VanGuff, María, Marq Short, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, Mique XO, Mindozone, Muhammad Humayun, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Sebastian Huaytan Meder, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Wolfgang Vullhorst, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin and Jonas Jaquet Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Mithrilda Coloring: Nalin Editing: Oran Charoenlap Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda Creative Director: Selina Bador Production Assistant: Bianka Proofreading: Susan SOUNDTRACKS Tarantella - Adieu Adieu DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Read more about the topic and find lots of additional resources Should prices be allowed to rise freely or should the government restrict prices? Listen in as Munger and EconTalk host Russ Roberts discuss the human side of economics after a catastrophe. Watch the movie American Factory. The documentary takes a thoughtful – and troubling – look at the dynamic between workers and employers in the 21st-century globalized economy. Watch this documentary on YouTube to understand how every day, millions of sailors, truck drivers, longshoremen, warehouse workers and delivery drivers keep mountains of goods moving into stores and homes to supply what consumers demand. Richard McKenzie, the author of Why Popcorn Costs So Much at the Movies, talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about a wide range of pricing puzzles. SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand https://www.econlib.org/library/Topics/College/supplyanddemand.html https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/law-of-supply-demand.asp CLASSROOM EXERCISE Ask your students to search for a Coffee Price Chart and you’ll find a graph showing the price of coffee in US Dollars. Then ask them to find out: What’s the price of one kilogram of coffee today? What do they think are the reasons that have caused the price to fluctuate in the past 5 years? In addition you may challenge them to search for three coffee shops in the neighborhood that charge their customers different prices. Which one sells their coffee expensive and which one cheap? Was that price really set by the owner of the shop, or is it the result of constant changes in supply and demand — and the final price the phenomenon of an emergent order? CHAPTER 00:00 Introduction 00:28 The force of coffee price 01:03 Understanding supply and demand 02:58 Influenced factor 04:11 Emergent order 04:33 Quantity demanded vs demand 05:28 Assignment 05:51 Patron's credits 06:00 Ending #supplydemand #economics #sproutslearning

Is our personality shaped by the environment, or are we largely programmed genetically? No one can answer whether nature or nurture leads to certain traits in individuals. We do know, however, a bit about the influences of genes and the environment when it comes to groups of specific populations — especially when we talk about us humans. Our understanding of little asexual crayfish seems rather limited. SUPPORT us to learn more about what makes us who we are! https://www.patreon.com/sprouts 🐦: DOWNLOAD video without ads and background music 🤫: https://sproutsschools.com/video-lessons/ SIGN UP to our mailing list and never miss a new video from us 🔔: http://eepurl.com/dNU4BQ SOURCES and teaching resources 🎓: Link to blog post coming soon! VISIT our website : www.sproutsschools.com CONTRIBUTE by upvoting your favorite topic or suggesting new ones : https://sprouts.featureupvote.com/ THANKS to our patrons This video was made with the support of our Patrons: Andrea Basilio Rava, Angela, Ann Hufstader, ArkiTechy, Artur, Badrah, best4all pez, Brilliant Minds Learning, C, Cedric.Wang, Daniel Kramer, Denis Kraus, Digital INnov8ors, Dr. Matthias Müller-Mellin, Duane Bemister, Esther Chiang, Eva Marie Koblin, Floris Devreese, Frari63, Gatsby Dkdc, Ginger, ICH KANN DEUTSCH UND ES WAR EINFACH!, Jana Heinze, Jannes Kroon, Jeffrey Cassianna, Joanne Doyle, Johan Klassen, John Burghardt, Jonathan Schwarz, Jorge Luis Mejia Velazquez, Juliet Hutchings, L Efre, Leonel, Liskaya, Marcel, Marco VanGuff, María, Marq Short, Mathis Nu, Matthias Ruck, Mezes.Macko, MiyuPON!!, Muhammad Humayun, Nicki, Okan Elibol, Paul Hopkins, Peter Bishop, Petra, Raymond Fujioka, Robert Cook, scripz, Si, Stefan Gros, Stephen, Stephen Clark, Stuart Bishop, Susan Schuster, Tetiana Gerasymova, Tristan Scifo, Victor Paweletz, Wolfgang Vullhorst, Yohanan Schwartzman, Yvonne Clapham and all the others.Thank you! To join them visit www.patreon.com/sprouts COLLABORATORS Script: Jonas Koblin Artist: Pascal Gaggelli Voice: Matt Abbott Coloring: Nalin Editing: Peera Lertsukittipongsa Production: Selina Bador, Morgan Lizop Fact-checking: Ludovico Saint Amour Di Chanaz Sound Design: Miguel Ojeda SOUNDTRACKS Magical Keys - Studio Le Bus Nice Toys - Studio Le Bus DIG DEEPER with these top videos, games and resources: Watch Robert Sapolsky explain Heritability as part of his famous Stanford lecture on Behavioral Genetics https://www.econtalk.org/michael-blastland-on-the-hidden-half/ about Nature, Nurture, Crayfish and all the things we don’t know yet To study how the environment impacts personality traits, researchers like to observe the upbringing of children in settings where we can eliminate some variables and better control for differences. In particular they look at two forms of twin studies. Non-identical twins who are raised in the same family — they experience a similar environment, but just like most siblings share 50% of their DNA. Identical twins who are raised in different families: In these rare instances, the twins share the same genes (in fact not all identical twins share the same genes), but were given up for adoption at birth and are therefore raised in completely different environments. Identical twins have not always identical genes https://www.businessinsider.com/identical-twins-do-not-always-have-identical-genes-study-2021-1 SOURCES Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9549239/ https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-much-of-human-height/ Dr. Chao-Qiang Lai has written this article in his personal capacity and the views expressed do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. https://www2.psy.uq.edu.au/~uqbziets/Mosing_et_al_2009_Optimism_and_wellbeing.pdf Impact of Genes on Education Achievements https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315896700_G_is_for_Genes_The_Impact_of_Genetics_on_Education_and_Achievement CLASSROOM EXERCISE To read more about suggested classroom activities for this topic, check out our website www.sproutsschools.com CHAPTERS 00:00 Introduction 01:00 Nature vs Nurture 01:55 A measurement of differences in traits 02:34 Heritability 03:35 Heritability of height 05:03 Heritability of IQ 06:40 The crayfish observation 07:31 What do you think? 07:56 Patrons credit 08:05 Ending #psychology #personality #sproutslearning #naturevsnurture #heritability