Shoaib

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Manghopir is one of the oldest areas of Karachi. Situated in the north of this bustling, chaotic and sprawling city, it is most famous for the shrine of Sufi saint, Pir Mangho. The unique bit about this centuries-old shrine is a vast pond and a sulphur spring. The pond is populated by dozens of crocodiles who are regularly fed by visitors to the shrine. They believe the crocodiles are manifestations of the Sufi saint. The shrine is mentioned in ancient texts from the area and also in the writings of 19th century British colonialists. According to some historians, the crocodiles have been here for centuries. Some archaeologists have claimed to have found fossilised remains of crocodiles here that are thousands of years old and some British colonial writers also suggested that they have been here for ‘thousands of years.’ Manghopir is also the patron saint of Karachi's boisterous Makrani/Sheedi community. They are mostly the descendants of African slaves who were brought here by Arabs, Persians, Turks and the European invaders between 10th and 17th centuries. They are mostly Balochi-speaking Muslim working-class men and women with a passion for football, boxing, donkey-racing and dancing. Every year the Sheedi celebrate their African roots at an annual festival at the shrine. A sheedi community girl at the Sheedi Mela at the Mangho Pir shrine in the 1990s. However, the festival hasn't taken place for the last couple of years, mainly due to the rise of street gang warfare in Karachi’s Lyari area (which is mostly populated by the Sheedi); and due to the creeping presence of religious extremist groups and militant outfits holed up in Manghopir. A concentrated operation by the Rangers and the police in the city recently has, however, managed to largely clear the area of militant groups and the festival is expected to resume from this year onward. The saint Mangho arrived here from Iraq in the 13th century when Iraq was being attacked by the Mongols. Mangho travelled from South Punjab and across the Sindh province and settled here (in present-day Karachi). At the time Karachi just had a sprinkling of small fishing villages and the area in which Mangho settled to meditate was desolate. It was upon a hill and surrounded by palm trees. He soon began to attract followers from the fishing villages. When he died, the locals constructed a small shrine of him at the spot. Since the saint decided to live alongside the crocodiles, and maybe even shared his food with them, the locals weaved a fantastic legend that the crocodiles were actually lice which were turned into crocodiles by the miraculous powers of the Sufi saint.

Preventing the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19, nothing beats good old-fashioned hand washing. But if water and soap aren’t available, your next best option, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is to use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Unless you have a stockpile of store-bought hand sanitizer, you’ll likely have a hard time finding any at a store or online right now. Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus, most retailers can’t keep up with the demand for hand sanitizer. The good news? All it takes is three ingredients to make your own hand sanitizer at home. Read on to find out how. What ingredients do you need? Making your own hand sanitizer is easy to do and only requires a few ingredients: isopropyl or rubbing alcohol (99 percent alcohol volume) aloe vera gel an essential oil, such as tea tree oil or lavender oil, or you can use lemon juice instead The key to making an effective, germ-busting hand sanitizer is to stick to a 2:1 proportion of alcohol to aloe vera. This keeps the alcohol content around 60 percent. This is the minimum amount needed to kill most germs, according to the CDC. How do you make your own hand sanitizer? Dr. Rishi Desai, chief medical officer of Osmosis, and a former epidemic intelligence service officer in the division of viral diseases at the CDC, says that the hand sanitizer recipe below will kill 99.9 percent of germs after 60 seconds. Hand sanitizer recipe What you’ll need: 3/4 cup of isopropyl or rubbing alcohol (99 percent) 1/4 cup of aloe vera gel (to help keep your hands smooth and to counteract the harshness of alcohol) 10 drops of essential oil, such as lavender oil, or you can use lemon juice instead Directions: Pour all ingredients into a bowl, ideally one with a pouring spout like a glass measuring container. Mix with a spoon and then beat with a whisk to turn the sanitizer into a gel. Pour the ingredients into an empty bottle for easy use, and label it “hand sanitizer.” Jagdish Khubchandani, PhD, associate professor of health science at Ball State University, shared a similar formula. His hand sanitizer formula combines: two parts isopropyl alcohol or ethanol (91 percent to 99 percent alcohol) one part aloe vera a few drops of clove, eucalyptus, peppermint, or other essential oil. If you are making hand sanitizer at home, Khubchandani says to adhere to these tips: Make the hand sanitizer in a clean space. Wipe down counter tops with a diluted bleach solution beforehand. Wash your hands thoroughly before making the hand sanitizer. To mix, use a clean spoon and whisk. Wash these items thoroughly before using them. Make sure the alcohol used for the hand sanitizer is not diluted. Mix all the ingredients thoroughly until they are well blended. Do not touch the mixture with your hands until it is ready for use. For a larger batch of hand sanitizer, the World Health Organization (WHO) has a formula for a hand sanitizer that uses: isopropyl alcohol or ethanol hydrogen peroxide glycerol sterile distilled or boiled cold water Some commercial hand sanitizer contains ingredients as scary as the germs they protect you from, so why not make your own hand sanitizer from ingredients you select? This is an excellent project for kids as well as adults since the project can be expanded to include a discussion about hygiene and disinfection. You'll save money, protect yourself from germs, and can customize the scent of the hand sanitizer so it doesn't smell medicinal. How It Works The active ingredient in this hand sanitizer recipe is the alcohol, which needs to comprise at least 60% of the product in order to be an effective disinfectant. The recipe calls for 99% isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) or ethanol (grain alcohol, most commonly available at 90%-95%). Please don't use any other types of alcohol (e.g., methanol, butanol), as they are toxic. Also, if you use a product that contains a lower percentage of alcohol (e.g., 70% alcohol) then you need to increase the amount of alcohol in the recipe or it won't be as effective. Essential Oils in Hand Sanitizer In addition to adding fragrance to your hand sanitizer, the essential oil you choose may also help protect you against germs. For example, thyme and clove oil have antimicrobial properties. If you are using antimicrobial oils, only use a drop or two, since these oils tend to be very powerful and might irritate your skin. Other oils, such as lavender or chamomile, may help soothe your skin.