ProVaticanvs

SS. Pii PP. X Instructio de Cantoribus Motu Proprio de Musica Sacra «Inter plurimas» (22 Nov. 1903) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus #PiusX #Magisterium #Musica «V. De cantoribus. 12. Praeter melodias celebrantis ad altare et ministrorum, quae cantu gregoriano semper cani debent sine organi sequentia, quae cantus liturgici extant sunt Chori Levitarum, ideoque cantores ecclesiastici, quamvis non clerici, chori ecclesiastici munere funguntur. Musica igitur, quae proponitur servare debet formam musicae choralis. Sed non excluditur vox, at in sacris solemnibus haec ita non supersit ut maior pars texti liturgici hoc modo proponi videatur; videatur potius simplex indictio melodica et compositioni, ut forma choralis, strictius adhaereat. 13. Ex eodem principio sequitur ut cantores in ecclesia liturgico munere fungantur, ideoque mulieres, cum huius muneris non sint capaces, admitti non possint ad chorum vel ad musicos. Quod si igitur voce acutiore (soprani) vel acuta proxima (contralti) uti velimus, perantiquo ecclesiastico more a pueris hae voces edantur. 14. Denique ecclesiasticorum musicorum (cappella di chiesa) participes tantum sint viri religione et pietate conspicui, qui pie et devote sacris cum adsint, munere, quo funguntur, digni videantur. Convenit ut cantores, dum in ecclesia canunt, induant talarem vestem et superpelliceum; quod si in orchestris palam adstantes prospicientibus sint, transennis edentur». ANTIPHONA AD OFFERTORIUM (MODUS IV): TERRA TREMUIT. GRADUALE ROMANUM - PS. 75, 9, 10. CANTUS GREGORIANUS DE ABBATIA S. PETRI SOLESMESIS. TERRA TREMUIT, ET QUIEVIT, DUM RESURGERET IN IUDICIO DEUS, ALLELUIA. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta vocum de Abbatia S. Petri Solesmesis pro bono rei publicae (Public Domain & Creative Commons Acknowledgment), Cf. https://archive.org/details/lp_gregorian-chant-pentecost-corpus-christ_choeur-des-moines-de-labbaye-saintpierre-d_0 https://tinyurl.com/SolesmesMP3s https://www.google.com/books/edition/Acta_sanctae_sedis/rIE7AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22INSTRUCTIO+DE+SACRIS+MUSICIS%22&pg=PA392 https://etrn.al/rvv9z https://www.google.com/books/edition/Missale_Romanum_ex_decreto_sacrosancti_C/GYAGIqIiLwYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=TERRA+TREMUIT,+ET+QUIEVIT,+DUM+RESURGERET,+graduale&pg=PA248&printsec=frontcover https://tinyurl.com/TerraTremuit http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranvs http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtu.be/Ys6TtiKgtKA

SS. D.N. Leo PP. XIII graphice paravit et pie dedit Benedictionem Pontificalem http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus ℣. Sit nomen Domini benedictum. ℟. Ex hoc nunc et usque in sæculum. ℣. Adjutorium nostrum in nomine Domini. ℟. Qui fecit cœlum et terram. Benedicat vos omnipotens Deus, Pa✠ter, et Fi✠lius, et Spiritus ✠ Sanctus. ℟. Amen. Leo PP. XIII (2 Martii 1810 Carpineti nomine Vincentii Ioachimi Raphaelis Aloisii, comes Pecci; die 20 Iulii 1903 anno aetatis suae 93 Romae obdormivit). Die 20 Februarii 1878 papa Ecclesiae Catholicae electus est, et viginti quinque annos sedem occupavit. Sententia eius pontificatus est Lumen in coelo Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "upmusic ∙ classic" pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgement), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqQxNr61SrE #Pontificale #Vaticano #LeoXIII http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtu.be/_sv8HDndKfc

☧ Aurora Borealis NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705843602842199824/ http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranvs In Christogramma habemus potentiam reunificationis, sic dicitur + : ἐν τούτῳ νίκα = In Hoc Signo Vinces Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "DURAN TREEN" et "Zoterios" pro bono rei publicae, (Creative Commons Acknowledgement) cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npfxFHP56Fs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uoCbMG3evA #ΧΡ #SPQR #AuroraBorealis http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtu.be/cHsVl9wO85c https://youtu.be/hkxGiXAurvc

XP+SPQR Frumentarius servat in Syria Palaestina supra spectare desertum pro bono Rei Publicae NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705772134586384385 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Frumentarius is a Latin adjective meaning "of or pertaining to grains" or "a grain merchant". This is because of their position in ancient Rome as food procurers. They are modeled on the frumentarii of the ancient Roman army, who began as food supply officers and soon adapted to be used as spies and special agents in the time of the emperors. #Frumentarius #Roma #XP #SPQR #AI #Imperium #Syria #Palaestina #MIL #Aquila Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgment), cf. https://www.youtube.com/@Jupisoft http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus https://youtu.be/dHezdyIAOCA https://youtu.be/JxAQCQXvjTI

Heros Nikephoros Phokas Major liberavit Creten pro Imperio Romano (961 A.D.) #SPQR #Byzantine #EDU http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Ο Νικηφόρος ο πρεσβύτερος (απεβ. 895/896 ή π. 900) από τον Οίκο των Φωκάδων ήταν ένας από τους πιο διακεκριμένους στρατηγούς τού τέλους του 9ου αι. και το πρώτο σημαντικό μέλος του Οίκου του. Ως νέος παρελήφθη στην προσωπική ακολουθία το Βασιλείου Α΄ του Μακεδόνα και ανήλθε γρήγορα στο αξίωμα του πρωτοστράτοροα και μετά του κυβερνήτη του θέματος των Χαρσιανών (περί την Καισάρεια Καππαδοκίας). Εκεί πολέμησε με επιτυχία εναντίον των Αράβων. Περί το 886 οδήγησε μεγάλη εκστρατεία στη Νότιο Ιταλία με αποτέλεσμα την αναζωπύρωση των Ρωμαίων εκεί και τη δημιουργία του Κατεπανάτου της Ιταλίας. Όταν επέστρεψε, προήχθη σε δομέστικο των Σχολών (διοικητή του Στρατού) και κινήθηκε με επιτυχία εναντίον των Αράβων και των Βουλγάρων του Συμεών Α΄ ηγεμόνα των Βουλγάρων. Απεβίωσε το 895/896 ή, λιγότερα πιθανό, περί το 900. Σύγχρονοι και μεταγενέστεροι ιστορικοί τον εγκωμίασαν για τη στρατιωτική του ικανότητα και τον χαρακτήρα του. Και οι δύο γιοί του αργότερα τον διαδέχθηκαν ως δομέστικοι των Σχολών. Επίσης δύο εγγονοί του, ο Νικηφόρος Β΄ και ο Λέων ο νεότερος, διακρίθηκαν ως στρατηγοί. Ο πρώτος από αυτούς έγινε Αυτοκράτορας των Ρωμαίων (963-969), αφού πρωτοστάτησε στην ανακατάληψη πολλών επαρχιών -που είχαν απωλεσθεί- από τους Άραβες. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Ottaviani pro bono rei publicae, (public domain acknowledgement), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVwxXZU4hoA ttp://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus #Roma #Crete #Historia https://youtu.be/w45aQeFXgtg

Eclipse Per Interregnum de Sede Vacante MCMLVIII A.D. #Eclipse http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Eclipsis (Graece ἔκλειψις 'defectio' ) est eventus astronomicus qui fit cum corpus caeleste per umbram alterius transeat. Communiter vocabulum hoc ad defectionem solis refert, cum umbra lunae superficiem terrae operiat, propter quod discus solaris a luna occultatur. Etiam communiter refert ad eclipsin lunarem, scilicet cum luna in umbram terrae intret. Alia vocabula eandem fere significationem habentes sunt occultatio vel defectio. Dies irae dies illa, Solvet saeclum in favilla: Teste David cum Sibylla. Quantus tremor est futurus, Quando iudex est venturus, Cuncta stricte discussurus! Tuba mirum spargens sonum Per sepulcra regionum Coget omnes ante thronum. Mors stupebit et natura, Cum resurget creatura, Iudicanti responsura. Liber scriptus proferetur, In quo totum continetur, Unde mundus iudicetur. Iudex ergo cum sedebit, Quidquid latet apparebit: Nil inultum remanebit. Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit securus? Rex tremendae maiestatis, Qui salvandos salvas gratis: Salva me, fons pietatis. Recordare Iesu pie, Quod sum causa tuae viae: Ne me perdas illa die. Quaerens me, sedisti lassus: Redemisti crucem passus: Tantus labor non sit cassus. Iuste iudex ultionis, Donum fac remissionis, Ante diem rationis. Ingemisco, tamquam reus: Culpa rubet vultus meus: Supplicanti parce Deus. Qui Mariam absolvisti, Et latronem exaudisti, Mihi quoque spem dedisti. Preces meae non sunt dignae: Sed tu bonus fac benigne, Ne perenni cremer igne. Inter oves locum praesta, Et ab haedis me sequestra, Statuens in parte dextra. Confutatis maledictis, Flammis acribus addictis, Voca me cum benedictis. Oro supplex et acclinis, Cor contritum quasi cinis: Gere curam mei finis. Lacrimosa dies illa, Qua resurget ex favilla Iudicandus homo reus: Huic ergo parce Deus. Pie Iesu Domine, dona eis requiem. Amen. http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de archive.org pro bono rei publicae, (public domain) cf. https://archive.org/details/GregorianChantMass #SedeVacante #Vaticano #Laterano #Roma #interregnum https://youtu.be/OnTWoSfaE0g

Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Magnus Imperator Romanus in Laterano #EDU #Shorts #Roma http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Constantinus I, Magnus, vel Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (Naissi circa annum 280 natus est; 22 Maio 337 mortuus est), fuit imperator Romanus ab 306 ad 337. Iam anno 318 complures titulos collegerat: Germanicus maximus III, Sarmaticus maximus, Britannicus maximus, Carpicus maximus, Arabicus maximus, Medicus maximus, Armeniacus maximus, Gothicus maximus. Constat Constantinum ampliorem esse propter primum et gravem usum monogrammonis Christi signo exercitus Romanus (proelium super ponte Milvio, anno 312) edictum tolerantiae Mediolani anno 313, quod Christistianismum religionem permissam in imperio Romano fecit convocationem primi Concilii Nicaeni Primi transferendum sedes imperatoris a Roma in Byzantium, quod post eum Constantinopolis nominatum est. Est felice adhuc biographia accuratior de eo, quae a Eusebio Caesarensi scripta est, qui autem fuit ardens imperatoris admirator, ita opus post conspectum nonnullorum historicorum normae scientiae historicae novae sequi non potest. Iuxta facta historice constata sunt multa singula de Constantino, quae adhuc aperta sunt. http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtube.com/shorts/JU1Ow_Vqzuk https://youtu.be/JU1Ow_Vqzuk https://youtube.com/shorts/D9b67lqE_Ts

P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid II, 49: timeo Danaos et dona ferentis. #Laocoön #Aeneid #EDU #Latina http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus cf. https://youtu.be/v_562j8tBvc P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid II, 49; 201-227. timeo Danaos et dona ferentis (Φοβοῦ τοὺς Δαναοὺς καὶ δῶρα φέροντας)… Laocoön, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras. Ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta— horresco referens—immensis orbibus angues 205 incumbunt pelago, pariterque ad litora tendunt; pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque sanguineae superant undas; pars cetera pontum pone legit, sinuatque immensa volumine terga. Fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant, 210 ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni, sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora. Diffugimus visu exsangues: illi agmine certo Laocoönta petunt; et primum parva duorum corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque 215 implicat, et miseros morsu depascitur artus; post ipsum auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem corripiunt, spirisque ligant ingentibus; et iam bis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circum terga dati, superant capite et cervicibus altis. 220 Ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos, perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno, clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit: quales mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram taurus, et incertam excussit cervice securim. 225 At gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones effugiunt saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem, sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur. http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtube.com/shorts/BckB3WstBWI https://youtu.be/BckB3WstBWI https://youtube.com/shorts/jAloV7s9r84?feature=share https://youtu.be/jAloV7s9r84

NVMMVS: D N IOVIA-NVS P F AVG ☧ SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE *SIRM• (~363 A.D.) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Flavius Iovianus (praesenti Singiduni natus anno 331; Dadastanae in praesenti Turcia die 17 Februarii 364 obiit) breviter inter mensem Iulium 363 et mensem Februarium 364 fuit imperator Romanus. Christianus erat, pater eius Varronianus comes domesticorum erat. Uxor eius Charito, filia Lucilliani magistri equitum et peditum, erat, filium parvum Varronianum habuit. Iovianus Constantio II imperatore protector domesticus et Iuliano imperatore anno 363 primicerius domesticorum factus est. Expeditioni Iuliani in Persas eodem anno interfuit et post mortem Iuliani (26 Iunii 363) postridie imperator creatus est. Pugnam decessoris eius Iuliani contra religionem Christianam ad finem perduxit et pacem cum Sapore II rege Persarum fecit, qua Nisibis aliaeque urbes orientis amissae sunt. 1 Ianuarii 364 Ancyrae consulatum cum filiolo coepit, sed paulo postea Dadastanae mortem subiecit. Solidus - Jovian SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE; Sirmium Obverse Bust of Jovian, pearl-diademed, draped, cuirassed, right. Script: Latin Lettering: D N IOVIA-NVS P F AVG D=DOMINVS N=NOSTER P=PIVS F=FELIX AVG = AVGVSTVS Reverse Jovian, diademed, draped, cuirassed, standing front, head left, holding standard with Chi-Rho on banner in right hand and globe in left hand; to left, bound and seated captive, wearing a pointed cap, head turned toward emperor. Script: Latin Lettering: SECVRITAS - REI PVBLICAE *SIRM• Mint *SIRM• Sirmium, modern-day Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia #Numismatica #SPQR #Jovian http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratis Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Camara pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgment), cf. https://www.youtube.com/@Jupisoft https://youtu.be/sTvB8Ii7lKQ https://youtu.be/vtGk5p9AoHM https://youtu.be/qXlzLNKFTAA

Res Primatus Apostolicae Sedis Urbis Romae in Laterano, i.e. Vero Absolute #XP #SPQR #Roma #shorts http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus "Res est, tu non es fortassis, tu non es electio secunda. Tu non es optio, tu non est quando commoditas et definite non es "exspecto quid velis!" Tu es vero absolute : nolli continere tractatam iri quid minus quam hanc." #ProVaticanus #ProLateranus Archibasilica Sanctissimi Salvatoris, plenius Archibasilica Sanctissimi Salvatoris et Sanctorum Ioannis Baptistae et Ioannis Evangelistae in Laterano, saepe Basilica Sancti Ioannis in Laterano appellata, est ecclesia cathedralis Dioecesis Romanae et sedes sollemnis papae, Romae episcopi, prope Palatium Lateranense. Haec basilica est antiquissima et maxima ex quattuor basilicis patriarchalibus. Inscriptio inter portas binas posita haec verba monstrat: "Sacrosancta Lateranensis ecclesia omnium urbis et orbis ecclesiarum mater et caput." http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtube.com/shorts/S9UnpjR-Ksk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9UnpjR-Ksk

IVS PRIMATVS MAGISTERIIQVE EPISCOPATVS ROMÆ ITALIÆQVE FIRMATVM EST PER IMPERIVM AVRELIANI (A.D. 272) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Submissio Primatu Magisterioque Episcopatus Apostolicae Sedis Urbis Romae Italiaeque a sede Antiochiae et al. in Ecclesia Catholica decreta est per Imperium Aurelianis (A.D. 272) pro bono Reipublicae et Pace Romana ad restitutionem Orbis ex casu schismatis haeresisque Pauli Samosateni. Episcopus Caesariensis Eusebius Pamphilus scripsit sequentes ex Historia Ecclesiastica in Lib. VII, Cap. XXVII-XXX: ἀλλὰ γὰρ μηδαμῶς ἐκστῆναι τοῦ Παύλου τοῦ τῆς ἐκκλησίας οἴκουθέλοντος, βασιλεὺς ἐντευχθεὶς Αὐρηλιανὸς αἰσιώτατα περὶ τοῦπρακτέου διείληφεν, τούτοις νεῖμαι προστάττων τὸν οἶκον, οἷς ἂν οἱκατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν καὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων πόλιν ἐπίσκοποι τοῦ δόγματοςἐπιστέλλοιεν. οὕτω δῆτα ὁ προδηλωθεὶς ἀνὴρ μετὰ τῆς ἐσχάτηςαἰσχύνης ὑπὸ τῆς κοσμικῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξελαύνεται τῆς ἐκκλησίας. Igitur cum Paulus a recta fide simul & episcopatu excidisset, Domnus, ut dictum est, administrationem Antiochensis ecclesiæ suscepit. Sed cum Paulus e domo ecclesiæ nullatenus excedere vellet, interpellatus imperator Aurelianus, rectissime hoc negotium dijudicavit, iis domum tradi præcipiens, quibus Italici Christianæ religionis antistites & Romanus Episcopus scriberent. Cf. Patrologiae Cursus Completus: Series Graeca (Parisis: Garnier, 1857) ed. J.P. Migne, Vol. XX, Col. 705-720. https://rb.gy/wqokem Eusebius, The Ecclesiastical History, Vol 1-2. Eusebius of Caesarea. Kirsopp Lake. J.E.L. Oulton. H.J. Lawlor. William Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Press; Harvard University Press. London; New York; Cambridge, Mass. 1926-1932. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=7.30.19&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0640 Ex Decreto SS. Gelasii PP. I receptemus hoc monitum: "item chronica Eusebii Caesariensis atque eiusden historiae ecclesiasticae libros, quamvis in primo narrationis suae libro tepuerit et post in laudibus atque excusatione Origenis scismatici unum conscripserit librum, propter rerum tamen singularum notitiam, quae ad instructionem pertinent, usque quaque non dicimus renuendos." Cf. Decretum Gelasianum, Cap. IV, 13 Mai. 495 aput Concilium Romanum; Migne, PL 59,173-174; Eusebii op. cit. PG 20, 705-706. http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratis Deo per instrumenta de Timur Sabirov, Raw Networks, et Dick Dickinson pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgment), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1SPj_8FwO0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHqK-EiEDDM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCGIVUbXc60 https://youtu.be/_TWsYq9FOJM https://youtu.be/DEwDCmeuvHs

Julius Nepos #EDU #shorts #SPQR http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Iulius Nepos (natus circa annum 430; necatus anno 480) fuit imperator imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti ab anno 474 usque ad insequentem annum. Iulius Nepos erat ab anno 468 Magister militum Dalmatiae, successor patrui Marcellini. Anno 474, Iulius Nepos, cum approbatione Imperatoris Romani Orientalis Zenonis, imperator imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti creactus est. Anno 475, Orestes magister militum eum ex Italia expulit et filium Romulum Augustum, numquam a Zenone approbatum, imperatorem fecit. Iulius Nepos ergo ultimus legitimus vel approbatus imperii Romani imperator fuit. Fugit cum imperatore fideli Ovida in Dalmatiam. Insequenti anno, Romulus Augustulus depositus est. Barbarus Odoacer dux Italiae mansit, se regem Italiae fecit, et insignia Imperii imperatori Zenoni misit. Zeno ei titulum patricii concedit, sed imperatoris titulum Iulio Nepoti reservavit. Anno 480, Iulius Nepos a sicario Odoacris necatus est. Cf. https://roman-empire.net/web-stories/julius-nepos-the-last-western-roman-emperors-rise-and-fall/ & https://roman-empire.net/collapse/julius-nepos http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus #Roma #JuliusNepos https://youtube.com/shorts/FKGsXOW96eY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKGsXOW96eY

Julius Nepos #EDU #shorts #SPQR http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Iulius Nepos (natus circa annum 430; necatus anno 480) fuit imperator imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti ab anno 474 usque ad insequentem annum. Iulius Nepos erat ab anno 468 Magister militum Dalmatiae, successor patrui Marcellini. Anno 474, Iulius Nepos, cum approbatione Imperatoris Romani Orientalis Zenonis, imperator imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti creactus est. Anno 475, Orestes magister militum eum ex Italia expulit et filium Romulum Augustum, numquam a Zenone approbatum, imperatorem fecit. Iulius Nepos ergo ultimus legitimus vel approbatus imperii Romani imperator fuit. Fugit cum imperatore fideli Ovida in Dalmatiam. Insequenti anno, Romulus Augustulus depositus est. Barbarus Odoacer dux Italiae mansit, se regem Italiae fecit, et insignia Imperii imperatori Zenoni misit. Zeno ei titulum patricii concedit, sed imperatoris titulum Iulio Nepoti reservavit. Anno 480, Iulius Nepos a sicario Odoacris necatus est. Cf. https://roman-empire.net/web-stories/julius-nepos-the-last-western-roman-emperors-rise-and-fall/ & https://roman-empire.net/collapse/julius-nepos http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus #Roma #JuliusNepos https://youtube.com/shorts/FKGsXOW96eY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKGsXOW96eY https://youtube.com/shorts/cQed0w8YUgg https://youtu.be/cQed0w8YUgg

Julius Nepos #EDU #shorts #SPQR http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Iulius Nepos (natus circa annum 430; necatus anno 480) fuit imperator imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti ab anno 474 usque ad insequentem annum. Iulius Nepos erat ab anno 468 Magister militum Dalmatiae, successor patrui Marcellini. Anno 474, Iulius Nepos, cum approbatione Imperatoris Romani Orientalis Zenonis, imperator imperii Romani parte ad occidentem solem vergenti creactus est. Anno 475, Orestes magister militum eum ex Italia expulit et filium Romulum Augustum, numquam a Zenone approbatum, imperatorem fecit. Iulius Nepos ergo ultimus legitimus vel approbatus imperii Romani imperator fuit. Fugit cum imperatore fideli Ovida in Dalmatiam. Insequenti anno, Romulus Augustulus depositus est. Barbarus Odoacer dux Italiae mansit, se regem Italiae fecit, et insignia Imperii imperatori Zenoni misit. Zeno ei titulum patricii concedit, sed imperatoris titulum Iulio Nepoti reservavit. Anno 480, Iulius Nepos a sicario Odoacris necatus est. Cf. https://roman-empire.net/web-stories/julius-nepos-the-last-western-roman-emperors-rise-and-fall/ & https://roman-empire.net/collapse/julius-nepos http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus #Roma #JuliusNepos https://youtube.com/shorts/FKGsXOW96eY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKGsXOW96eY https://youtu.be/NjohP7O-0kk

DVX DALMATIAE http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Marcellinus et Julius Nepos postea Ducem Dalmatiae tenuerunt. Marcellinus: Marcellinus fuit Romanus generalis et patricius qui regionem Dalmatiae in Imperio Romano Occidentali a 454 usque ad mortem suam (468) regebat. Marcellinus Dalmatiam sibi vindicavit et potestatem ibi tenuit. Fertur eum juste et bene rexisse, Dalmatiamque ab imperatore et barbaris regentibus independens servasse. Post mortem Marcellini, Julius Nepos, nepos eius, Dalmatiae potestatem hereditavit et titulum magistri militum Dalmatiae tenuit. Julius Nepos: Julius Nepos primum attestatur die 1 Iunii 473, cum magister militum Dalmatiae appellatus est. Fortasse idem titulum iam tenebat post mortem Marcellini. Nepos hoc munus tenuit donec imperator anno 474 factus est. Tunc etiam patricius effectus est. Ita, Marcellinus et Julius Nepos Dalmatiae ducatum tenuerunt. 🌟 Dux Dalmatiae, or Duke of Dalmatia, was a title held by Julius Nepos. He succeeded his uncle, Marcellinus, as the magister militum Dalmatiae (commander of troops in Dalmatia). Nepos later became the Western Roman Emperor from 24 June 474 to 28 August 475. After losing power in Italy, he retreated to his home province of Dalmatia, where he continued to claim the western imperial title with recognition from the Eastern Roman Empire until he was murdered in 480. Although Romulus Augustulus is traditionally considered the last western Roman emperor, some historians regard Nepos as the true last emperor of the West, being the last widely recognized claimant to the position. Nepos began his career as the semi-autonomous governor of Dalmatia, succeeding his uncle Marcellinus. He worked to restore the prestige and authority of the Western Empire but faced challenges, including Visigothic attacks in Gaul and political instability. Ultimately, he fled back to Dalmatia, where he met his fate. His legacy remains as a figure caught in the twilight of the Western Roman Empire, a native of Dalmatia who once wore the imperial crown in Rome. 🌟 Cf. CoPilot: https://copilot.microsoft.com/ http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de M.Push pro bono rei publicae, cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfkS6ACLAQY #JuliusNepos #Marcellinus #Roma https://youtu.be/0PrBwwU5uH4 https://youtu.be/COVLz9x7nG8

COLOSSVS CONSTANTINI MAGNI REFACTVS EST MEDIOLANO PRO XP+SPQR http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Constantinus I, Magnus, vel Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (Naissi in oppido Serbico circa annum 280 natus; 22 Maii 337 mortuus), fuit imperator Romanus a die 25 Iulii 306 ad annum 337. Iam anno 318 complures titulos collegerat: Germanicus maximus III, Sarmaticus maximus, Britannicus maximus, Carpicus maximus, Arabicus maximus, Medicus maximus, Armeniacus maximus, Gothicus maximus. Constat Constantinum ampliorem esse propter primum et gravem usum monogrammatis Christi ad signandum exercitum Romanum (proelio in ponte Milvio facto, anno 312) edictum tolerantiae Mediolani anni 313, quo Christianismum religionem permissam in imperio Romano fecit convocationem primi concilii Nicaeni sedem imperatoris a Roma Byzantium translatam, quae postea Constantinopolis nominata est. Est felice adhuc biographia accuratior de eo, quae ab Eusebio Caesariensi scripta est; quia fuit ardens imperatoris admirator, hoc opus in conspectu nonnullorum historicorum normas scientiae historicae hodiernae sequi non potest. Praeter facta antiquis nota sunt multa singula de Constantino, quae adhuc aperta sunt. http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Tevvez et Dario Arya pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgment), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duyhQ8a2SO4 https://youtu.be/DvWzNyjdzo0

COLOSSVS CONSTANTINI MAGNI REFACTVS EST MEDIOLANO PRO XP+SPQR http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Constantinus I, Magnus, vel Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (Naissi in oppido Serbico circa annum 280 natus; 22 Maii 337 mortuus), fuit imperator Romanus a die 25 Iulii 306 ad annum 337. Iam anno 318 complures titulos collegerat: Germanicus maximus III, Sarmaticus maximus, Britannicus maximus, Carpicus maximus, Arabicus maximus, Medicus maximus, Armeniacus maximus, Gothicus maximus. Constat Constantinum ampliorem esse propter primum et gravem usum monogrammatis Christi ad signandum exercitum Romanum (proelio in ponte Milvio facto, anno 312) edictum tolerantiae Mediolani anni 313, quo Christianismum religionem permissam in imperio Romano fecit convocationem primi concilii Nicaeni sedem imperatoris a Roma Byzantium translatam, quae postea Constantinopolis nominata est. Est felice adhuc biographia accuratior de eo, quae ab Eusebio Caesariensi scripta est; quia fuit ardens imperatoris admirator, hoc opus in conspectu nonnullorum historicorum normas scientiae historicae hodiernae sequi non potest. Praeter facta antiquis nota sunt multa singula de Constantino, quae adhuc aperta sunt. http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Tevvez et Dario Arya pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgment), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=duyhQ8a2SO4 https://youtu.be/DvWzNyjdzo0

RESILIENTIA ROMANA PER SAECVLVM QVINTVM http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Saeculum 5 saeculum est, quod annos 401–500 comprehendit. Eventa: -Postremo primo saeculo spectacula gladiatoria finem habebant -Pugna Catalaunica #XP #SPQR #ROMA http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtu.be/9PrHtLuzP7o https://youtu.be/EDR-4TVUBQA

Ab illo bene ✠ dicáris, in cujus honore cremáberis. Amen. #shorts zazzle.com/ProVaticanus patreon.com/ProVaticanus CF. MISSALE ROMANUM EX DECRETO SACROSANCTI CONCILII TRIDENTINI RESTITUTUM S. PII V PONTIFICIS MAXIMI JUSSU EDITUM ALIORUM PONTIFICUM CURA RECOGNITUM A PIO X REFORMATUM BENEDICTI XV AUCTORITATE VULGATUM EDITIO IV JUXTA TYPICAM VATICANAM..., p. 227. https://archive.org/details/missale-romanum-1947/page/226 #EDU #Liturgia #TLM #Benedictiō #Sacerdōs #MissaleRomanum #Latina #Vaticano #Laterano #PiusV #PiusXII #Tridentina x.com/ProVaticanus x.com/ProLateranus patreon.com/ProVaticanus patreon.com/ProLateranvs zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtube.com/shorts/PIoCAqK6EBo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIoCAqK6EBo

Carmen de Brevitate Vitae et ad Annum Novum Felicem canitur sicut "Gaudeamus Igitur!" a Mario Lanza https://www.zazzle.com/scida_ad_annum_novum_felicem_thank_you_card-256055969793719984 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus Gaudeamus igitur Juvenes dum sumus. Post jucundam juventutem Post molestam senectutem Nos habebit humus. #MarioLanza #Musica #AD2024 #Roma #EDU #GaudeamusIgitur http://x.com/ProVaticanus http://x.com/ProLateranus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProLateranvs http://zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtu.be/lR1vbVBbYvo

XP+SPQR SPES REIPVBLICAE PER IMPERIVM zazzle.com/ProVaticanus patreon.com/ProVaticanus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de DJ Mashmo pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgement, cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZMCNkymaRE #XP #SPQR #ROMA x.com/ProVaticanus x.com/ProLateranus patreon.com/ProVaticanus patreon.com/ProLateranvs zazzle.com/ProLateranus https://youtu.be/VILLOYDqMIE

COLVMNA PHOCAE #ROMA zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Columna Phocae erecta est ante Rostra in Foro Romano dedicataque in honorem Byzantini imperatoris Phocae die 1 Augusti 608 AD, et fuit additio ultima Foro Romano. patreon.com/ProVaticanus The Column of Phocas (Italian: Colonna di Foca) is a Roman monumental column in the Roman Forum of Rome, Italy, built when Rome was part of the Eastern Roman Empire after its reconquest from the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths. History Erected in front of the Rostra and dedicated or rededicated in honour of the Eastern Roman Emperor Phocas on August 1, 608 AD, it was the last architectural addition made to the Forum Romanum, after over 1,300 years of construction. The fluted Corinthian column stands 13.6 m (44 ft) tall on its cubical white marble socle. On stylistic grounds, the column seems to have been made in the 2nd century for an unknown structure, and then recycled for the present monument. Likewise, the socle was recycled from its original use supporting a statue dedicated to Diocletian; the former inscription was chiselled away to provide a space for the later text. The base of the column was uncovered in 1813, and the inscription on it reads, in Latin: Optimo clementiss[imo piissi]moque / principi domino n[ostro] / F[ocae imperat]ori / perpetuo a d[e]o coronato, [t]riumphatori / semper Augusto / Smaragdus ex praepos[ito] sacri palatii / ac patricius et exarchus Italiae / devotus eius clementiae / pro innumerabilibus pietatis eius beneficiis et pro quiete / procurata Ital[iae] ac conservata libertate / hanc sta(tuam maiesta)tis eius / auri splend(ore fulge)ntem huic / sublimi colu(m)na(e ad) perennem / ipsius gloriam imposuit ac dedicavit / die prima mensis Augusti, indict[ione] und[icesima] / p[ost] c[onsulatum] pietatis eius anno quinto The English translation is as follows: To the best, most clement and pious ruler, our lord Phocas the perpetual emperor, crowned by God, the forever august triumphator, did Smaragdus, former praepositus sacri palatii and patricius and Exarch of Italy, devoted to His Clemency for the innumerable benefactions of His Piousness and for the peace acquired for Italy and its freedom preserved, this statue of His Majesty, blinking from the splendor of gold here on this tallest column for his eternal glory erect and dedicate, on the first day of the month of August, in the eleventh indiction in the fifth year after the consulate of His Piousness. Cf. Inscription CIL VI, 01200 (p 3071, 3778, 4335, 4340) = CIL 06, 31259a = ILCV 00030 (add) = D 00837 = AE 2009, +00464 db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_url.php?s_sprache=en&p_publication=CIL+06%2C+01200&r_sortierung=Belegstelle The precise occasion for this signal honour is unknown, though Phocas had formally donated the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV, who rededicated it to all the martyrs and Mary (Sancta Maria ad Martyres). Atop the column's capital was erected by Smaragdus, the Exarch of Ravenna, a "dazzling" gilded statue of Phocas (which probably only briefly stood there). Rather than a demonstration to mark papal gratitude as it is sometimes casually declared to be, the gilded statue on its column was more likely an emblem of the imperial sovereignty over Rome, which was rapidly fading under pressure from the Lombards, and a personal mark of gratitude from Smaragdus, who had been recalled by Phocas from a long exile and was indebted to the Emperor for retrieving his position of power at Ravenna. In October 610, Phocas was overthrown and killed; his statues everywhere were overthrown. The monument remains today in its original location (in situ). Its isolated, free-standing position among the ruins has always made it a landmark in the Forum, and it often appears in vedute and engravings. The rise in ground level due to silt and debris had completely buried the socle by the time Giuseppe Vasi and Giambattista Piranesi made engravings and etchings of the column in the mid-18th century. The square foundation of brick was not originally visible, the present level of the Forum not having been excavated down to its earlier Augustan paving until the 19th century. x.com/ProVaticanus x.com/ProLateranus patreon.com/ProVaticanus patreon.com/ProLateranvs zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Tevvez" pro bono rei publicae ad majorem Dei gloriam Immortalis. #EDU #XP #SPQR #Imperium #Phocas #ForumRomanum https://youtu.be/mBngKvygBJU

Status Vaticanus per Pontificatum Alexandri VI et S.R.E. Cardinales sub absentia #EDU x.com/ProVaticanus x.com/ProLateranus zazzle.com/ProVaticanus zazzle.com/ProLateranus #Vaticano #DellaRovere #AlexanderVI #Pontifex #Roma https://youtu.be/X3NaUbZfS40

FLAVIUS PHOCAS AUGUSTUS AD BONIFACIUM PP. III: SEDES PETRI EST CAPUT OMNIUM ECCLESIARUM (~607 A.D.) #ROMA #PRIMACY #BYZANTINE patreon.com/ProVaticanus BONIFACIUS TERTIUS À PHOCA IMPERATORE OBTINUIT, UT SEDES PETRI, SICUT EST CAPUT OMNIUM ECCLESIARUM, ITA DICERETUR & HABERETUR: QUEM QUIDEM LOCUM ECCLESIA CONSTANTINOPOLITANA SIBI VENDICARE CONABATUR. HISTORIAE B. PLATINAE DE VITIS PONTIFICVM ROMANORVM A.D. N. IESV CHRISTO VSQVE AD PAVLVM II. VENETVM PAPAM, LONGE QVAM ANTEA EMENDATIOR, DOCTISSIMARVMQVE ANNOTATIONVM, P. 85. CF. google.com/books/edition/HISTORIAE_B_PLATINAE_DE_VITIS_PONTIFICVM/ZzisjSd1yqAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=à+Phoca+Imperatore+obtinuit,+vt+sedes+Petri+platinae&pg=RA8-PA11&printsec=frontcover BONIFACIUS (ROMAE FAMILIA ORIUNDUS E GRAECIA DIE IGNOTO NATUS; IBIDEM MORTUUS DIE 12 NOVEMBRIS 607), FUIT EPISCOPUS ROMAE AC PAPA ECCLESIAE CATHOLICAE ROMANAE A DIE 19 FEBRUARII EIUSDEM ANNI. BONIFACIUS IOANNIS CATAADIOCIS FILIUS A PAPA GREGORIO APOCRISARIUS, ID EST NUNTIUS, IN CONSTANTINOPOLI FACTUS EST. IBI CONSILII AUCTOR IMPERATORI PHOCAE FIT. PROPTER AMICITIAM BONIFACII CUM IMPERATORE, PHOCAS AGNOSCIT PAPAM CAPUT OMNIUM ECCLESIARUM. BONIFACIUS PUGNAVIT UT IMPERATOR SANCIRET EPISCOPUM ROMANUM PRIMATUM SUPREMUM DECLARARI. x.com/ProVaticanus x.com/ProLateranus zazzle.com/ProVaticanus zazzle.com/ProLateranus Ago tibi gratias tibi Deo per instrumenta de "Tevvez" et "RaveUpRecords" pro bono rei publicae, cf. (Creative Commons Acknowledgment): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7zEzA15TgE https://youtu.be/8td7qLIjF4s

Halloween & All Saints’ Day – a Roman Catholic Christian Liturgical Calendar Commentary. This excerpt was taken from Daily Missal with Vespers for Sundays & Feasts by Dom Gaspar Lefebvre, Order of Saint Benedict, of the Abbey of Saint Andre (Belgium), published in A.D. 1925, pages 1011, 1719, and 1722 through 1724. October 31st. The Vigil of All Saints (or in Old English “Halloween” for All Hallows’ Eve). Violet vestments are required per liturgical day for the priest in celebration of the Holy Mass. The most illustrious martyrs had at Rome, from the 4th century, their basilicas, where was celebrated each year the anniversary of their death, or rather of their birth in heaven. At this time a number of Masses were prescribed without any fixed day to honour those who were unknown and had no public recognition. When later the names of Saints who were not martyrs were introduced into the ecclesiastical Calendar, a more universal character was given to such Masses. It is thus that in the 8th century the Gregorian Sacramentary indicates among the common Masses without a date : The Mass in honour of All Saints. Fixed in the following century on November 1st, it became the Mass of All Saints' Day to which we are this day prepared by a vigil. This explains why the Mass contains extracts from the Masses of the Common of Martyrs. NOVEMBER 1st. The Feast of All Saints. Double of the First Class with Octave . White vestments are required per liturgical day for the priest in celebration of the Holy Mass. The Temple of Agrippa was dedicated, under Augustus, to all the pagan gods, hence its name of Pantheon. Under the Emperor Phocas, between A.D. 607 and 610 , Boniface the Fourth translated thither numerous remains of martyrs taken from the Catacombs. It’s noted that in the Pantheon of Agrippa Rome had assembled together all the gods of paganism; this temple, cleared of its idols, was on May 13th, A.D. 610, dedicated by Pope Boniface the Fourth to Mary and the Martyrs, and later to all the Saints. Saint Gregory the Seventh transferred this feast to November 1st, so that, having become the anniversary of this dedication, the Feast of All Saints marks for ever the triumph of Christ over false gods. On May 13th, A.D. 610, Pope Boniface dedicated this new Christian basilica to Saint Mary and the Martyrs. The feast of this dedication took later a more universal character, and the temple was consecrated to Saint Mary and all the Saints. As there was already a feast in commemoration of all the Saints, celebrated at various dates in different churches, then fixed by Gregory the Fourth in A.D. 835 on November 1st; (then later in the Eleventh Century) Pope Gregory the Seventh transferred to this date the anniversary of the dedication of the Pantheon. The feast of All Saints therefore recalls the triumph of Christ over the false pagan deities. In this temple is held the Station on the Friday in the Octave of Easter. As the Saints honoured during the first three centuries of the church were martyrs, and the Pantheon was at first dedicated to them, the Mass of All Saints is made up of extracts from the liturgy of martyrs. The Introit is that of the Mass of St. Agatha, used later for other feasts : the Gospel, Offertory and Communion are taken from the Common of martyrs. The Church gives us on this day an admirable vision of heaven , showing us with Saint John, the twelve thousand signed (twelve is considered a perfect number) of each tribe of Israel, and a great multitude which no one can count, of every nation and tribe, of every people and tongue standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes and with palms in their hands (Confer the Liturgy’s Epistle). Christ, the Virgin, the blessed battalions distributed in nine choirs, the apostles and prophets, the martyrs crimsoned in their blood, the confessors adorned in white garments and the chaste choir of virgins form, as the Hymn of Vespers sings, the majestic cortege. It is indeed composed of all those who here below were detached from worldly riches, gentle, afflicted, equitable, merciful, pure, peaceful and persecuted for the name of Jesus. “Rejoice," the Master had foretold them, “for a great reward is prepared for you in heaven." (Confer the Liturgy’s Gospel & Communion prayer.) Among those millions of the just who were faithful disciples of Jesus on earth, are several of our own family, relations, friends, members of our parochial family, now enjoying the fruit of their piety, adoring the Lord, King of kings, and Crown of All Saints (Confer the Liturgy’s Invitatory at Matins) and obtaining for us the wished for abundance of His mercies (Confer the Liturgy’s Collect). Every Parish Priest celebrates Mass for the welfare spiritual and temporal of his parishioners. All ye Saints, pray for us! x.com/ProVaticanus x.com/ProLateranus zazzle.com/ProVaticanus zazzle.com/ProLateranus #Halloween #AllSaintsDay https://youtu.be/SzD7J5N36Mg