Thomas Alexander

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW In this video, we are looking at other Domes in Jerusalem, Palestine and the Greek and Roman worlds in general. We will look at the specific archetype which was also used for the Dome of the Rock and at what this may imply. #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Temple #Mount #Jerusalem #domeoftherock #Dome #Rock #Judaism #templemount Reference for this episode: Grabar, Oleg. The Dome of the Rock. Harvard University Press, 2006. Avner, Rina. "The Dome of the Rock in light of the development of concentric Martyria in Jerusalem: Architecture and Architectural Iconography." Muqarnas, Volume 27. Brill, 2011. 31-50. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW In this video, we are briefly looking at the history of the Temple Mount before the Dome of the Rock. It may be surprising to some that not a single source mentions the Rock at the centre of the Temple platform before the 4th century AD. #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Temple #Mount #Jerusalem #domeoftherock #Dome #Rock #Judaism #templemount Reference for this episode: Grabar, Oleg. The Dome of the Rock. Harvard University Press, 2006. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

This video hopefully marks the end to my A.J. Deus series. Initially, I wanted to combine the content of this video with my upcoming videos on the Dome of the Rock wherein I want to present my alternative hypothesis. But I have now decided that I want my videos to stand on their own and not refer to A.J. Deus. Therefore I have made this video wherein I present a conclusion to my series as well as some corrections and some new findings. Unfortunately, upon editing the video, I have realised that the video quality is not great. I tried a new setting on my recording software and while the test recordings looked good, it didn't turn out so well with the actual session. There are unfortunately artefacts throughout the video. #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

This is an excerpt of the full video wherein we go over A.J. Deus' argument that the Dome of the Rock was a late forgery. As it turns out, all of his core evidence turns into thin air upon close investigation. Full video here: https://youtu.be/XKI-Yx3B7_0 #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

This is an excerpt of the full video wherein we go over A.J. Deus' argument that the Dome of the Rock was a late forgery. As it turns out, all of his core evidence turns into thin air upon close investigation. Full video here: https://youtu.be/XKI-Yx3B7_0 #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

This is an excerpt of the full video wherein we go over A.J. Deus' argument regarding the layout of the Temple Mount in the year 870 AD. As it turns out, he couldn't be more wrong when he says that there was no Dome of the Rock and that instead there was a synagogue at the northern end of the platform. Full video here: https://youtu.be/XKI-Yx3B7_0 #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

Finally, we're having a look at the many written sources which are brought up by A.J. Deus as evidence for his conjecture of a late Dome of the Rock. But what do they really say? As it turns out, A.J. is misreading and misinterpreting most of his own sources. In many cases, they say the exact opposite of what A.J. claims they are saying. By the end, nothing is left, his entire argument crumbles because none of his foundational claims can be supported, in fact, most of them can be refuted. #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

This is an excerpt of the full video wherein we go over A.J. Deus' argument regarding the shape of the Dome of the Rock's drum. He claims that medieval depictions prove that the Dome of the Rock used to have an octagonal shape. Full video here: https://youtu.be/Dcwehs06p2k #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

This is an excerpt of the full video wherein we go over A.J. Deus' argument regarding the shape of the Dome of the Rock's drum. He claims that medieval depictions prove that the Dome of the Rock used to have an octagonal shape. Full video here: https://youtu.be/Dcwehs06p2k #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

In this video, we will go over A.J. Deus' argument regarding the shape of the Dome of the Rock's drum. He claims that medieval depictions prove that the Dome of the Rock used to have an octagonal shape. However, when going through the evidence, it becomes clear that there is no reason to doubt that the Dome of the Rock was always round like it is today. #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

A.J. Deus' latest paper on the Dome of the Rock has caused some waves. In it, he argues for a young Dome of the Rock with a fake history. According to A.J., the inscriptions are late forgeries and the Dome in its current form has existed for less than 200 years. Given how extensive the article is, I had to take quite some time to look into A.J. Deus' claims. As it turns out, none of his claims hold up to scrutiny. A.J. is asking some legitimate questions, but his answers are not warranted. In this video, I will give a quick introduction into the claims made by A.J. Deus and we will look at an initial example for an error on A.J.'s part which showcases how he fails to correctly read his own sources, something that we will see again and again in later videos. #islam #domeoftherock #jerusalem #al-malik #al-mamun #dome #rock #safa #ajdeus #fraud #christianity #judaism #arab Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd ____________________ Here you can find A.J. Deus' paper: https://www.academia.edu/69970087/THE_JEWISH_SERPENT_KING_IN_THE_DOME_OF_THE_ROCK_Primary_Evidence_Big_Daddy_of_Inscriptions_A_Colossal_Fraud_2022

Thomas the Presbyter is believed to be one of the earliest non-Arab sources for the existence of Muhammad. But what does he really say and what can we learn from it? #Islam #Quran #History #Education #Religion #Thomas #Presbyter #SIN #3mqs ____________________ The "3 Minute Quran Study" series is intended to slice the complex historical critical analysis of the Quran into bite-sized chunks that are easy to understand. In my upcoming book, I will explore all these topics in more detail. Followers on Patreon will get regular updates on my progress with this enormous endeavour. Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

Another document which is often used to support the Islamic narrative is the so called "Chronica Minora", also known as the Chronicle of Khuzestan. But what can we really learn from it? #Islam #Quran #History #Education #Religion #Minora #Syriac #Chronicle #SIN #3mqs ____________________ The "3 Minute Quran Study" series is intended to slice the complex historical critical analysis of the Quran into bite-sized chunks that are easy to understand. In my upcoming book, I will explore all these topics in more detail. Followers on Patreon will get regular updates on my progress with this enormous endeavour. Title music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

It is widely believed that the Armenian bishop Sebeos was the first to explicitly mention the Prophet Muhammad. In this episode, we will look at the text in question and its author. #Islam #Quran #History #Education #Religion #Sebeos #Heraclius #Muhammad #SIN #3mqs ____________________ The "3 Minute Quran Study" series is intended to slice the complex historical critical analysis of the Quran into bite-sized chunks that are easy to understand. In my upcoming book, I will explore all these topics in more detail. Followers on Patreon will get regular updates on my progress with this enormous endeavour. Title music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

When it comes to evidence for the existence of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the number one document which people refer to is the Doctrina Jacobi. But what does it really say? As we will find out, it's far being a credible support of the Islamic narrative. #Islam #Quran #History #Education #Religion #Jacobi #Doctrina #SIN #3mqs ____________________ The "3 Minute Quran Study" series is intended to slice the complex historical critical analysis of the Quran into bite-sized chunks that are easy to understand. In my upcoming book, I will explore all these topics in more detail. Followers on Patreon will get regular updates on my progress with this enormous endeavour. Title music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

Starting with this episode, we will be looking at sources from outside the Islamic world which are typically used to support the Islamic narrative. In this episode, we're starting off with Sophronius' Christmas sermon which is often believed to confirm the idea of an Islamic invasion in Syria and Palestine around the year 634 AD which is when the sermon was held. We will see that Sophronius does not mention an invasion, nor sieges or captured cities. #Islam #Quran #History #Education #Religion #Sophronius #SIN #3mqs ____________________ The "3 Minute Quran Study" series is intended to slice the complex historical critical analysis of the Quran into bite-sized chunks that are easy to understand. In my upcoming book, I will explore all these topics in more detail. Followers on Patreon will get regular updates on my progress with this enormous endeavour. Title music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

We often hear about ancient manuscripts that have been given a rough date of origin using radiocarbon dating. But how precise are our dating methods? In this video, we'll find out that while radiocarbon dating is a brilliant tool, it may not suit the challenge of dating parchment. #Dating #Radiocarbon #Parchment #Manuscript #Physics #C14 #Quran #Islam #History #Education #Religion #Science #3mqs ____________________ The "3 Minute Quran Study" series is intended to slice the complex historical critical analysis of the Quran into bite-sized chunks that are easy to understand. In my upcoming book, I will explore all these topics in more detail. Followers on Patreon will get regular updates on my progress with this enormous endeavour. Title music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW By looking at the corrections made by the scribe who wrote one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts, we can reconstruct the original contents of the Quran. #Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arab #Sira #Sunna #Sunnah #Tafsir #Muhammad #Biography #Koran #Ishaq #Zayd #Zaynab #Seal References for this episode: Dequin, Raymond "Der frühe abbasidische Koran"'. In: Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI: Vom umayadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Inârah Vol. 10. 2021, pp. 146–233. Powers, David S. Muhammad is not the Father of Any of Your Men. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW By looking at the corrections made by the scribe who wrote one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts, we can reconstruct the original contents of the Quran. #Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arab #Sira #Sunna #Sunnah #Tafsir #Muhammad #Biography #Koran #Ishaq #Zayd #Zaynab #Seal References for this episode: Dequin, Raymond "Der frühe abbasidische Koran"'. In: Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI: Vom umayadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Inârah Vol. 10. 2021, pp. 146–233. Powers, David S. Muhammad is not the Father of Any of Your Men. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW Establishing Muhammad as the seal of the prophets required multiple changes to th Quran, each change necessitating further updates to the text. Here, we are looking at these changes. #Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arab #Sira #Sunna #Sunnah #Tafsir #Muhammad #Biography #Koran #Ishaq #Zayd #Zaynab #Seal References for this episode: Dequin, Raymond "Der frühe abbasidische Koran"'. In: Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI: Vom umayadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Inârah Vol. 10. 2021, pp. 146–233. Ibn Ishaq. "The Life of Muhammad. Translated by A. Guillaume." (1955). Powers, David S. Muhammad is not the Father of Any of Your Men. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Emergence of Islam: Classical traditions in contemporary perspective. Fortress Press, 2012. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW For Muhammad to become the seal of the prophets, it was necessary to establish that he did not have any male heirs. Zayd played an important role in that process. #Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arab #Sira #Sunna #Sunnah #Tafsir #Muhammad #Biography #Koran #Ishaq #Zayd #Zaynab #Seal References for this episode: Dequin, Raymond "Der frühe abbasidische Koran"'. In: Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI: Vom umayadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Inârah Vol. 10. 2021, pp. 146–233. Ibn Ishaq. "The Life of Muhammad. Translated by A. Guillaume." (1955). Powers, David S. Muhammad is not the Father of Any of Your Men. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Emergence of Islam: Classical traditions in contemporary perspective. Fortress Press, 2012. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW While the life of Muhammad was constructed in order to explain the Quran, analysis of the commentaries shows how he Sira itself was later turned into Quranic passages. In this video, we are looking at th evidence. #Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arab #Sira #Sunna #Sunnah #Tafsir #Muhammad #Biography #Koran #Ishaq References for this episode: Dequin, Raymond "Der frühe abbasidische Koran"'. In: Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI: Vom umayadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Inârah Vol. 10. 2021, pp. 146–233. Ibn Ishaq. "The Life of Muhammad. Translated by A. Guillaume." (1955). Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Emergence of Islam: Classical traditions in contemporary perspective. Fortress Press, 2012. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW The Quran is typically understood in the light of the life of Muhammad. However, his turns out to be a circular approach as the biography of Muhammad was constructed in order to explain the Quran. We therefor have to look at it in reverse. The biography of Muhammad has to be understood in the light of the Quran. #Quran #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arab #Sira #Sunna #Sunnah #Tafsir #Muhammad #Biography #Koran References for this episode: Dequin, Raymond "Der frühe abbasidische Koran"'. In: Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI: Vom umayadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Inârah Vol. 10. 2021, pp. 146–233. Reynolds, Gabriel Said. The Emergence of Islam: Classical traditions in contemporary perspective. Fortress Press, 2012. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

In this video, we want to look at the 13th century echos of the origins of Islam while following in the footsteps of the Dominican friar Riccoldo da Monte di Croce. #islam #dominican #pilgrimage #nestorian #jacobite #miaphysite #monophysite #church #east #friar #mongol #tartar #jerualem #acre #acco #baghdad Music by Darren Curtis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd

REFERENCES IN THE DESCRIPTION BELOW After the Berbers and and Arabs took over Spain, we don't see evidence of a new religion for more than a century. Instead all the evidence points to an adoptionist christology slowly spreading in al-Andalus before this anti-Trinitarian Christian sect tipped over into the new religion of Islam. In this video, we ill also look at the myth of the utopia of al-Andalus and how it has little to do with reality. #Spain #Islam #Origin #History #Education #Religion #Arabic #Christian #Berber #Trinity #Trinitarian #Arian #Hispania #Iberia #Portugal #Arab #Umayyad #Andalus References for this episode: Al-Muqqadasî, Description de l’occident musulman, Algier 1950 Baudissin, Wolf Wilhelm Graf von. Eulogius und Alvar. Ein Abschnitt spanischer Kirchengeschichte aus der Zeit der Maurenherrschaft, Leipzig 1872 Casiri, Miguel. Bibliotheca arabico-hispana Escurialensis sive librorum omnium mss quos arabice ab auctoribus magnam partem arabo-hispanis compositos bibliotheca coenobii Escuralensis complectitur recensio et explanatio, 2 t., Madrid 1760-1770 Crónica mozárabe de 754. Ed. crítica y traducción por José Eduardo Lopez Pereira, Zaragoza 1980 Continuatio Byzantia Arabica A. DCCXLI, in: Theodorus Mommsen, MGH, Auct. Antiq. Tomus XI. Chronicorum minorum sec. IV, V, VI, VII, vol. II, Berlin 1894 Díaz y Díaz, Manuel C. "La cultura de la España visigótica del siglo VII", in: Caratteri del secolo VII in Occidente. Settimane di Studio del Centro Italiano di Studi sull’Alto Medioevo, T. II, Spoleto 1958 Fanjul, Serafin. Al-Andalus contra España. La forja del mito, Madrid 2000. Fontaine, Jean. Isidore de Séville et la culture classique dans l’Espagne wisigothique, 2 Bde. Paris 1959 Franke, Franz Richard. Die freiwilligen Märtyrer von Cordova und das Verhältnis der Mozaraber zum Islam (nach den Schriften des Speraindeo, Eulogius und Alvar), Münster 1968 Helfferich, Adolf. Der westgothische Arianismus und die spanische Ketzergeschichte, Berlin 1860, História de los jueces de Córdoba por Aljoxani, Texto árabe y traducción española por Julián Ribera, Madrid 1914 Machmuâ, Ajbar. Crónica arábiga del siglo XI, dada á luz por primera vez, traducida y anotada por Don Emilio Lafuente y Alcántara, Madrid 1967 Makki, Mahmud. "Egipto y los origenes de la historiografia árabe-española", in: Instituto de Estudios islámicos en Madrid, Revista, 5, Nr. 1/2, 1957, 157-148 Olagüe, Ignacio. La revolución islámica en Occidente, Guadarrama 1974 Palacios, Miguel Asín. Aben Musarra y su escuela, Madrid 1914 Ridao, José Maria. Contra la Historia, Barcelona 2000. Sánchez-Albornoz y Menduina, Claudio. El „Ajbar Maymua“. Cuestiones historiográficas que suscita, Buenos Aires 1944 Thomas, Johannes. "Frühe spanische Zeugnisse zum Islam: Vorschläge für eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Konflikte und der religiösen Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen dem Osten und dem Westen des arabischen Reiches." Schlaglichter (2008): 93-186. ____________________ The "Origin of Islam" series is intended to provide a big-picture look at how Islam started, where it came from, how it evolved and how we ended up with the religion we know of today. I'm introducing the historical critical method as it's applied to the Quran and paint a new narrative based on primary evidence and linguistic analysis. ____________________ If you like my content and would like me to be able to continue producing more, you can support me in the following ways: Become a Patron and get access to some exclusive content: https://www.patreon.com/thomasalexander Donate via PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=YSYV837J48JVA Donate Bitcoin: 36AcDS46SGX23xSDQWJQi9C4xtGaqevGba Donate ETH or ERC20 Tokens: 0x466b19D59D0Ad527a27871001e18283fA6F3D2fd