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Symbolum Urbis Romae: Imago lupae in infantia geminos lactens NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705818314074750977/ https://www.zazzle.com/pocvlvm_ab_vrbe_condita_coffee_mug-168910865060124392 In mythologia Romana, Romulus et Remus Latin: [ˈroːmʊlʊs] , [rɛmʊs] ) Sunt gemini fratres, quorum historia narrat de rebus gestis, quae ad urbem Romam conditam et regnum Romanum a Romulo ducti sunt, post Remi parricidam suam. Imago lupae in infantia geminos lactens symbolum urbis Romae fuit et Romanorum antiquorum ab III aCn saltem saeculo. Quamvis narratio ante Romam conditam circiter 750 a.C.n. fiat, nota antiquissima narrationis fabulae scripta est ab exeunte saeculo III aCn. Possibiles historicae bases historiarum, et interpretationes variarum locorum variantium, perennem disceptationem subjiciuntur. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Alano Walker et "NinjaToxic !!" pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgement), Cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j87n-BIh8rw #Roma #Vis #Lupa http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

SS. Martinus PP. V convocavit Concilium Basiliense (1 Feb. 1431 A.D.) http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705816115051495425/ Basel had been designated as the place for this ecumenical council by the abortive council of Pavia -- Siena (1423-1424). It was opened on 25 July 1431 by the papal legate, who had been appointed by Pope Martin V in two bulls dated 1 February 1431, Dum onus universalis gregis and Nuper siquidem cupientes shortly before the pope's death on 20 February 1431. A great part of the council's work in the early years was taken up with its quarrel with Pope Eugenius IV, who was accused of wishing to dissolve or transfer the council. The prospect of re-union with the eastern church provided an opportunity to transfer the council to another city. This move was supported by the council fathers loyal to the pope, who however were in a minority, and in the 25th session they voted for the city of Ferrara. There the council was re-opened on 8 January 1438, Pope Eugenius IV later attending in person. Some historians doubt the ecumenicity of the first 25 sessions at Basel. All agree that the sessions held at Basel after the 25th session until the final one on 25 April 1449 cannot be regarded as sessions of an ecumenical council. The Greek bishops and theologians attended the council of Ferrara from 9 April 1438. The council was transferred to Florence on 10 January 1439. There, in the session on 6 July 1439, the decree of union with the Greek church was approved. Subsequently decrees of union with the Armenian and Coptic churches were approved. Finally the council was transferred to Rome on 24 February 1443. There other decrees of union with the Bosnians, the Syrians and finally with the Chaldeans and Maronites of Cyprus, were approved. The last session of the council was held on 7 August 1445. The decisions taken at Basel have the form of conciliar decrees. Those taken at Ferrara, Florence and Rome are almost always in the form of bulls, since the pope was presiding in person; in these cases the decree mentions the council's approval and contains the words "in a solemnly celebrated general session of the synod". #MartinV #ArtBasel #NFT http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus

A.D. 751 S. Zacharias PP. I Mandavit Pippino [Quotatio Brevis Ad Fontes] #quotes http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Pepin the Short (French: Pépin le Bref; c. 714 – 24 September 768), also called the Younger (Ger. Pippin der Jüngere), was King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first Carolingian to become king. The younger was the son of the Frankish prince Charles Martel and his wife Rotrude, Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of St. Denis. Succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace in 741, Pepin reigned over Francia jointly with his elder brother Carloman. Pepin ruled in Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence, while his older brother Carloman established himself in Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the Bavarians, Aquitanians, Saxons, and the Alemanni in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the Frankish interregnum by choosing Childeric III, who was to be the last Merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the Franks. Being well disposed towards the church and papacy on account of their ecclesiastical upbringing, Pepin and Carloman continued their father's work in supporting Saint Boniface in reforming the Frankish church, and evangelizing the Saxons. After Carloman, who was an intensely pious man, retired to religious life in 747, Pepin became the sole ruler of the Franks. He suppressed a revolt led by his half-brother Grifo, and succeeded in becoming the undisputed master of all Francia. Giving up pretense, Pepin then forced Childeric into a monastery and had himself proclaimed king of the Franks with support of Pope Zachary in 751. The decision was not supported by all members of the Carolingian family and Pepin had to put down a revolt led by Carloman's son, Drogo, and again by Grifo. As king, Pepin embarked on an ambitious program to expand his power. He reformed the legislation of the Franks and continued the ecclesiastical reforms of Boniface. Pepin also intervened in favour of the papacy of Stephen II against the Lombards in Italy. In the midsummer of 754, Stephen II anointed Pepin afresh, together with his two sons, Charles and Carloman. The ceremony took place in the Abbey Church of St. Denis, near Paris, and the Pope formally forbade the Franks ever to elect as king anyone who was not of the sacred race of Pepin. He also bestowed upon Pepin and his sons the title of 'Patrician of Rome'. Pepin was able to secure several cities, which he then gave to the Pope as part of the Donation of Pepin. This formed the legal basis for the Papal States in the Middle Ages. The Byzantines, keen to make good relations with the growing power of the Frankish empire, gave Pepin the title of Patricius. In wars of expansion, Pepin conquered Septimania from the Islamic Umayyads, and subjugated the southern realms by repeatedly defeating Waiofar and his Gascon troops, after which the Gascon and Aquitanian lords saw no option but to pledge loyalty to the Franks. Pepin was, however, troubled by the relentless revolts of the Saxons and the Bavarians. He campaigned tirelessly in Germany, but the final subjugation of these tribes was left to his successors. Pepin died in 768 and was succeeded by his sons Charlemagne and Carloman. Although unquestionably one of the most powerful and successful rulers of his time, Pepin's reign is largely overshadowed by that of his more famous son, Charlemagne. A.D. 751 S. Zacharias PP. I mandavit Pippino quod «melius sibi videri illum regem vocari, qui potestatem haberet, quam illum, qui sine regali potestate manebat». Έτος Κυρίου 751: Ο Πάπας Άγιος Ζαχάριος ο Πρώτος έδωσε εντολή στον Πεπίνο γιατί «είναι καλύτερο να λέγεται εκείνος που κρατά την εξουσία του Βασιλιά στα χέρια του, παρά έναν που μένει χωρίς εξουσίες». A.D. 751: Pope St. Zachary I mandated to Pepin because [quote]«it is better to call the person who holds the power of the King in his hands, rather than one, who remains without powers»[end quote]. An du Seigneur 751 : Pape saint Zacharie 1er mandaté à Pépin car « il vaut mieux appeler celui qui détient le pouvoir du Roi entre ses mains, plutôt que celui qui reste sans pouvoirs ». Año del Señor 751: El Papa San Zacarías I encomendó a Pipino porque «más vale llamar al que tiene en sus manos el poder del Rey, que al que se queda sin poderes». FONTES: Reginonis Prumiensis Abbatis Chronica: Liber de gestis regum Francorum, Ann. 749-750; J.P. Migne, Patrologia Latina (Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Latina), Tom. CXXXII, Col. 47B. #PopeZachary #Pepin #Childeric #Vatican #PontificalStates #Byzantines #RomanEmpire #Roma #InternationalLaw #Italia #France #Alliance #mandatum #ITA #Lombards #Italy #Franks #Supremacy #Papacy #CatholicChurch #InternationalAffairs #Magisterium #machiavelli #Politics #Legitimacy #DidYouKnow #Latin #Greek #French #Spanish #English #ThePrince #Briefs #edu http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

S. Nicolai Magni PP. I Canon de sententiis atque interdictis Sedis Apostolicae NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705815015539867649/ Hoc opus factum est per YouTube Video Editor http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus S. Nicolaus “Magnus” PP. I apud Concilium Romanum (863 A.D.) decrevit: Cap. 5. Si quis dogmata, mandata, interdicta, sanctiones vel decreta pro catholica fide, pro ecclesiastica disciplina, pro correctione fidelium, pro emendatione sceleratorum vel interdictione imminentium vel futurorum malorum a Sedis Apostolicae praeside salubriter promulgata contempserit, anathema sit. Epistola Scelus quod (Adoni Viennensi achiepiscopo), 30 Oct. 863, Cap. 5; Acta Pontificum Romanorum inedita, ed. Dr. J. v. Pflugk-Harttung (Stutgardiae: Verlag Von W. Kohlhammer, 1884), Vol. II, n. 58, p. 30; Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio, ed. Joannes Dominicus Mansi (Venetiis: Apud Antonium Zatta, 1770), Tom. XV, Col. 652. #Magisterium #ApostolicSee #Anathema http://twitter.com/ProVaticanus

OBELISCVS VATICANVS #shorts http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus #Vatican #StPeters Obeliscus Vaticanus: * the obelisk from Heliopolis erected by Caligula on the spina of the circus Gai et Neronis (CIL VI.882; Plin. NH XVI.201; XXXVI.74, where the reading is uncertain, cf. BC 1897, 226), and now standing in front of S. Peter's. In the Middle Ages it was called the tomb of Julius Caesar, whose ashes were supposed to be contained in a gilt ball on its top, now in the Museo dei Conservatori (Mirabilia 20; p371 Jord. II.429, 625; JRS 1919, 43, 56; Cons. 171; Bullar. Vatican. I.25 (a.1023 Leo IX); Urlichs 228). It is a monolith of red granite, without hieroglyphs, 25.36 metres in height (cf. Not. Brev. and Jord. II.187), and was moved from its ancient to its present site by Fontana, at the command of Sixtus V (LS IV.144‑147; LR 554, and literature cited, for removal​1), having stood erect from the time when it was brought to the city (HJ 657; BC 1897, 225‑227 = Ob. Eg. 149‑151). The vessel which brought it was used as the nucleus of the central breakwater on which the pharos stood (Suet. Claud. 20) or the left-hand breakwater (Plin. NH XVI.76; XXXVI.4) of the Claudian harbour of Portus Augusti (Porto) (NS 1907, 734‑740).​a The mediaeval church of S. Stefanus de Agulia took its name from it​b (HCh 472). Ago tibi gratis Deo per instrumenta de "Raw Curgy Gaming" pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgement), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ry0dITzBJEU http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus

LENTE DESCENDAS ME - TRIBVTVM PSS. THEODOSIO MAGNO PER IMPERIVM PRO XP+SPQR 380-395 A.D. NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705774333609639937/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Flavius Theodosius (Caucae apud Segoviam natus die 11 Ianuarii 347 – obiit in Mediolani die 17 Ianuarii 395), qui dicitur etiam Theodosius Magnus, fuit imperator, ultimus omnis Imperii Romani ab anno 379 usque ad mortem. Edicta eius Christianismum ut sola religio legitima effecerunt et Ecclesiam Catholicam plene comprobaverunt. Postea imperium inter liberos eius Honorium et Arcadium divisum est. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Tevvez et Dark Bass pro bono rei publicae: N.B., Creative Commons Acknowledgement "Alec Benjamin - Let Me Down Slowly Tevvez Remix Parallel Universe (Bass Boosted)": Cf: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IqCGywv8Rs #Theodosius #RomanEmpire #HispanicHeritageMonth http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#shorts CONSTANTINVS MAGNVS EST COLOSVSS PRO XP+SPQR NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705809517981728769/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus The great head, arms and legs of the Colossus were carved from white marble, while the rest of the body consisted of a brick core and wooden framework, possibly covered with gilded bronze. Judging by the size of the remaining pieces, the seated, enthroned figure would have been about 12 meters (40 feet) high. The head is about 21⁄2 meters tall and each foot is over 2 meters long. One of the two right hands of the Colossus. The statue's right hand is said by Eusebius to have held "a trophy of the Saviour's passion with the saving sign of the Cross", possibly therefore in the form of a staff with the sacred monogram XP affixed to it. Medals minted by Constantine at about this time show him so decorated. Eusebius further records the Latin inscription engraved below the statue, which may be translated as follows: through this sign of salvation, which is the true symbol of goodness, i rescued your city and freed it from the tyrant's yoke, and through my act of liberation i restored the senate and people of rome to their ancient renown and splendour. The great head is carved in a typical, abstract, Constantinian style ('hieratic emperor style') of late Roman portrait statues, whereas the other body parts are naturalistic, even down to callused toes and bulging forearm veins. The head was perhaps meant to convey the transcendence of the other-worldly nature of the Emperor over the human sphere, notable in its larger-than-life-size eyes which gaze toward eternity from a rigidly impersonal, frontal face. The treatment of the head shows a synthesis of individualistic portraiture: aquiline nose, deep jaw and prominent chin characteristic of all images of Constantine, with the trends of late Roman portraiture which focus on symbolism and abstraction, rather than detail. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Tevvez ex ZYZZ GYM HARDSTYLE - Maroon 5 Payphone (Aftergeneration Bootleg Remix) pro bono rei publicae - Creative Commons Acknowledgement - Cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upG13Xmmz04 #Constantine #Roma http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

IMPERIUM (Roman Law Concept) http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus IMPERIUM, as a concept taken from Roman Law, in Latin means “command” & “empire”, is the supreme executive power in the Roman state, involving both military and judicial authority. It was exercised first by the kings of Rome; under the Republic (--circa years 509 through 27 B.C.) it was held by the chief magistrates (that is: consuls, dictators, praetors, military tribunes with consular power, and masters of the cavalry) and private citizens entrusted with a special command. In the later Republic, proconsuls, propraetors, second members of certain commissions also possessed the imperium. Restrictions on its use were instituted from the inception of the Republic. The principle of collegiality provided that each of the magistrates of the same level (that is for example: the two consuls) who held it should hold it to the same degree. Down to the 2nd century B.C., a series of laws was passed requiring trials for Roman citizens in capital cases, and also the right of appeal to the people (or ius provocandi ad populum). The same rights were conventionally extended to Roman citizens in the military or other official service outside Rome. Magistrates were required to exercise imperium within the limits of their office (or provincia). Imperium was officially conferred by the Comitia Curiata (as the popular assembly) for one year or until the official completed his commission. Only in the last years of the Republic was the imperium granted for specific terms beyond one year. Caesar’s opponent Pompey was the first to receive such a commission, specifically for three years by the Lex Gabinia (--circa year 67 B.C.). Octavian obtained the imperium as holder of various offices under the Republic before he became the first emperor, under the name of Augustus, in year 27 B.C. From then on he was granted imperium for periods of 10 or 5 years by the Senate throughout his tenure of office. The Senate thereafter voted the imperium to each succeeding emperor upon his accession. Some emperors, such as Augustus, had it voted to their chosen successor. Under the empire the title imperator (emperor), which had been used by victorious Roman generals under the Republic, was reserved as an exclusive title for the head of state. The emperors received their first acclamation as emperor at their accession and thereafter each time a Roman general won a victory. Imperium was sometimes given to others in cases of special military commands, such as that of Germanicus in A.D. 17. When it was granted with no special duties, as in the case of Tiberius in A.D. 13, it implied that the recipient was an appropriate successor to the princeps, the unofficial title used by Augustus and subsequent emperors. With the expansion of Roman power during and after the reign of Augustus, imperium took on the meaning of “empire.” Painting: The Age of Augustus, the Birth of Christ, c. 1852–1854, Musée de Picardie. Cf. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "imperium". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jun. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/topic/imperium-Roman-law. Accessed 12 October 2022. #Imperium #RomanLaw #Empire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#shorts : Ο Χριστόφορος Κολόμβος τῷ θεῷ διά την λῐ́μνην ☧ Deo per rivum Christophorus Columbus ✠ NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705807318958473217/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus https://www.zazzle.com/alexandri_pp_vi_bulla_inter_caetera_4_mai_1493_photo_print-190319255735991208 Christophorus Columbus (Italice: Cristoforo Colombo; Catalane: Cristòfor Colom; Hispanice: Cristóbal Colón, unde nonnulli eum Christophorum Colonum dicunt; natus Genuae anno 1451 verisimiliter; mortuus Pintiae 20 Maii 1506) fuit explorator praeclarissimus. Regum Catholicorum Hispaniae, Ferdinandi II (regis Aragoniae) et Isabellae I (reginae Castellae), mandatu, Columbus viam securam ab occidente die 12 Octobris 1492 in Americam (adhuc ignotam, vel sine documentis) invenit, ubi ille, credens se Indiam advenisse, terram pro regibus Hispanicis adrogavit. Te Deum laudamus: te Dominum confitemur. Te aeternum Patrem omnis terra veneratur. Tibi omnes Angeli; tibi caeli et universae Potestates; Tibi Cherubim et Seraphim incessabili voce proclamant: Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Pleni sunt caeli et terra maiestatis gloriae tuae. Te gloriosus Apostolorum chorus, Te Prophetarum laudabilis numerus, Te Martyrum candidatus laudat exercitus. Te per orbem terrarum sancta confitetur Ecclesia, Patrem immensae maiestatis: Venerandum tuum verum et unicum Filium; Sanctum quoque Paraclitum Spiritum. Tu Rex gloriae, Christe. Tu Patris sempiternus es Filius. Tu ad liberandum suscepturus hominem, non horruisti Virginis uterum. Tu, devicto mortis aculeo, aperuisti credentibus regna caelorum. Tu ad dexteram Dei sedes, in gloria Patris. Iudex crederis esse venturus. Te ergo quaesumus, tuis famulis subveni: quos pretioso sanguine redemisti. Aeterna fac cum sanctis tuis in gloria numerari. Salvum fac populum tuum, Domine, et benedic hereditati tuae. Et rege eos, et extolle illos usque in aeternum. Per singulos dies benedicimus te; Et laudamus Nomen tuum in saeculum, et in saeculum saeculi. Dignare, Domine, die isto sine peccato nos custodire. Miserere nostri domine, miserere nostri. Fiat misericordia tua, Domine, super nos, quemadmodum speravimus in te. In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. https://www.scribd.com/document/357298889/Inter-Caetera-Alexander-VI-Tractatus Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Zyzz - Thrive 🙏 (et Tevvez) pro bono rei publicae (Creative Commons Acknowledgement), cf. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRmpqHLwiZU #Columbus #Byzantine #Barcelona #Constantinpolitan #Colom #Thrive #Hehe #Colombo #Colom #CristobalColon #ChristopherColumbus #MusicVideo #shortvideo #tribute #HappyColumbusDay #Spain #Chios #RomanCatholic #EasternRomanHistory #LastRoman #Kolumbus #Kolombos #Kolombia #Columbia #Colombia #Colon #K #XPO #Oct12 #October12 #Year1492 #Italy #America #Bahamas #History #Discovery #Divine #Crusader #CK #4K #SPQR #XP #RomanEmpire #RomanReigns #ChiRho #Palaiologos #CouncilOfFlorence #Catholicism #Orthodoxy #CatholicChurch #Greek #Latina #Catala #AlexanderSextus #Borja #ReyesCatolicos #ΡΩΜΑΙΟΙ #Vaticano #Roma #Madrid #ElClasico #Armanda #ESP $RUM http://patreon.com.com/ProVaticanus

Roma MDIII A.D. zazzle.com/roman_senate_necktie-151562152286481253 Roma, (-ae, f.) vel simpliciter Urbs, est urbs in Latio, caput Latii atque Italiae. Nomen verbum rumach replicat; hoc verbum est Etruscum et 'flumen' fere significat, nam non est procul a Roma Tiberis. Sed fieri potest ut 'Roma' replicet verbum Etruscum rhome, quod 'vis' significat. Roma super septem montes iuxta flumen Tiberim iacet. A Roma orta est Latina lingua, ex qua multae linguae praesentis temporis Europae nationum genitae sunt. Roma "caput mundi" et "urbs aeterna" appellata est. Dicitur etiam "Omnes viae Romam perducunt" ; una autem via peregrinationis est perantiqua, cui nomen "Via Francigena" datum est. Litterae S.P.Q.R. significant, "Senatus Populusque Romanus." Romulus et Remus erant filii Martis, dei belli. Eorum mater erat Rhea Silvia, filia Numitoris, qui rex Albanorum antea fuerat, sed a malo fratre Amulio pulsus erat. Itaque Amulius, qui regnum Albanorum tum obtinebat, pueros magnopere timuit et eos interficere consilium cepit. Rhea vitam filiorum suorum conservare studebat, sed rex iussit servum eos in flumen deicere. Imperio regis autem servus non paruit, sed pueros in arca lignea posuit, quae aqua fluminis sine periculo vehi poterat. Mox pueri ad ripam fluminis vecti sunt. Ibi lupa, quae non longe aberat, pueros audivit atque curavit. Postea pastor benignus eos invenit et in casam parvam portavit. Post longum tempus Romulus et Remus, qui viri iam erant, et malum regem interfecerunt et regnum Numitori reddiderunt. Tum auxilio sociorum suorum novum oppidum i s ad flumen posuerunt. Eius fluminis nomen est Tiberis. Eius oppidi nomen est Roma. Roma posita est in eo loco ubi Romulus et Remus inventi erant. "Possis nihil Urbe Roma visere maius."--Horatius, Carmen saeculare, 11-12. #Rome #TheCity #Roma youtube.com/channel/UCGRizY96gsfts3lWXLWbYLg

Per Conclave 19 Aug. 1458 pro causa Byzantina a Cardinalibus Deestota Villa, Bessario, Isidoroque http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus The 1458 papal conclave (August 16–19), convened after the death of Pope Callixtus III, elected as his successor Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini who took the name Pius II. The results of the second ballot on August 19 in the morning were a greatly disappointing surprise for d'Estouteville. He received only six votes – those of de Coëtivy, Colonna, Bessarion, Fieschi, Torquemada, and Castiglione. Cardinal Piccolomini obtained nine votes – those of Barbo, Orsini, Calandrini, Isidore of Kiev, de Mella, de La Cerda, Jaime de Portugal, del Mila y Borja, and that of d'Estouteville, who hesitated to vote for himself but certainly did not consider Piccolomini a serious rival. The votes of Rodrigo Borgia, Giacomo Tebaldi and Enea Piccolomini fell to other candidates. After announcing the results, Cardinal Dean opened the customary procedure of the accessus. There was a long silence broken by Rodrigo Borgia who changed his vote to Piccolomini. Then the partisans of d'Estouteville made an attempt to adjourn the session, but Cardinal Tebaldi also changed his vote to Piccolomini, who needed only one vote more for the election. At this point Cardinal Colonna arose to give his vote. Cardinals Rouen and Bessarion attempted to subdue him forcefully but Colonna was able to free himself from the scuffle to proclaim "I also vote for the Cardinal of Siena, and I make him Pope!" The rest of the adherents of the Cardinal of Rouen could do nothing but change their votes too, and a few minutes later Cardinal Bessarion congratulated Piccolomini on his unanimous election to the papacy. Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini accepted his election and took the name Pius II. On September 3, 1458, he was solemnly crowned on the steps of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Prospero Colonna, protodeacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro. #Byzantine #Conclave #ProjectUkraine http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

NVMMVS: D N CONSTAN – TIVS P F AVG VICTORI – A AVGGG R+V COMOB (421 A.D.) NFT:https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705802920911962113/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus The Roman Empire, Constantius III, 8th February – 2nd September 421, Solidus, Ravenna 421, AV 4.46 g. D N CONSTAN – TIVS P F AVG Rosette-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust r. Rev. VICTORI – A AVGGG Emperor standing facing, head r., holding standard and Victory on globe, spurning captive with his l. foot; in field, R – V. In exergue, COMOB. C 1. RIC 1325. Depeyrot 7/4. Ranieri 48. Extremely rare and among the finest specimens known. Well struck and centred on a full flan and extremely fine Ex NFA XXX, 1992, 315 and NAC 38, 2007, 290 sales. The Danubian commander Constantius III had enjoyed a stellar career by the time he undertook a naval blockade of Spain and Gaul in 415, which caused the murder of the Visigothic king Athaulf. In achieving this victory Constantius secured the return of the emperor Honorius’ half-sister Galla Placidia, who had been captured by the Visigoths when they sacked Rome in 410, and who in the meantime had been forced to marry king Athaulf. Riding the tide of his triumph, Constantius pressed for a royal marriage with the rescued empress, which occurred on January 1, 417, when he also assumed his second consulship. Slightly more than four years passed before Constantius gained enough prestige at court that Honorius reluctantly declared him co-emperor. This elevation was well-received in the West, where the soldiers were relieved to have a proven soldier sharing the throne, but it was not acknowledged by the Eastern emperor Theodosius II. The specter of civil war loomed for seven months until the stalemate was finally resolved by Constantius’ death, seemingly of natural causes, on September 2, 421. Due in part to the brevity of his reign, only gold solidi and tremisses from Ravenna were struck in Constantius’ name. Beyond coinage, his other lasting legacy was his son Valentinian III, by Galla Placidia, who eventually ruled the Western Roman Empire, albeit impotently, for thirty years. Flavius Constantius was a former officer of the magister militum Stilicho († 408), whose star rose as a consequence of the disastrous situation of the Western Empire after the Crossing of the Rhine on 31 December 406 (or 405), the usurpation of Constantine III in 407 and the Sack of Rome by Alarich on 24 August 410. In these desperate times, it was Constantius' military brilliance that initiated a wondrous revival of Roman might: as magister utriusque militiae ('master of both forces', i.e. commander of both the infantry and cavalry), he first defeated Constantine III in 411 (see above, lot 1843) and then expelled Alaric from Italy in 412. A year later, he overcame and killed his Roman rival, the comes africae Heraclianus, before successfully campaigning against the Visigoths in Spain and Gaul in 415-416, thus ensuring the release of Honorius' half-sister Galla Placidia from Gothic captivity. Once the brilliant general gradually gained back control over large parts of the Western Empire, his stellar ascent knew no limits: in 417, Constantius married Galla Placidia and became the brother-in-law of Honorius, who was merely a puppet in his hands and proclaimed him to his co-emperor on 8 February 421. Within a decade, Constantius had raised the Western Empire from the dead, married into the Theodosian dynasty and become the true power holder in Ravenna. However, on 2 September 421, the great general suddenly died of an illness, allegedly amidst preparations for war against Theodosius II, as the eastern emperor had declined recognition of Constantius' elevation to the rank of Augustus. The unexpected demise of Constantius has been termed by some modern historians the beginning of the end of the Western Roman Empire, as none of its later magistri militum would turn out to be nearly as successful. However, the dark prospect of another disastrous civil war looming on the horizon casts doubt on whether Constantius III would really have been able to stem the tide for the Western Roman Empire, as clashes with the Theodosian dynasty seemed unavoidable. Gratias ago tibi Deo per instrumenta de Jove Mauro Cámara pro bono rei publicae. #RomanEmpire #ConstantiusIII #Numismatics http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#FathersDay: Per numen Pontificatus Oratio Dominica «Pater Noster» recitata est a SS. Pio PP. XII http://www.zazzle.com/ProVaticanus http://youtube.com/ProVaticanus PATER NOSTER, qui es in caelis, sanctificetur nomen tuum. Adveniat regnum tuum. Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo et in terra. Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, et dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. Et ne nos inducas in tentationem, sed libera nos a malo. Amen. #PaterNoster #PiusXII #Vaticano #Shorts #Latin #Roma http://www.zazzle.com/provaticanus/gifts?pg=2&ps=60

SS. Benedictus PP. XV per numen Pontificatus providit haec opera Dei de Indulgentia Apostolica http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Benedictus PP. XV (natus Iacobus Paulus Ioannes Baptista Della Chiesa Genuae die 21 Novembris 1854 nobili genere, filius Iosephi; mortuus die 22 Ianuarii 1922) fuit Papa catholicus, episcopus Romanus a die 3 Septembris 1914. Familia quoque matris Ioannae Migliorati a Neapoli nobilis erat et Ecclesiae iam Papam Innocentium VII donaverat. Sententia eius apostolica erat "In te, Domine, speravi; non confundar in aeternum." Iussu patris Iacobus Della Chiesa ante Romae studium theologiae apud praeclarum Collegium Capranicense, Academiam nobilum ecclesiasticorum (Italiane: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici) atque Pontificiam Universitatem Gregorianam Genuae studia iurisprudentiae ab anno 1872 usque ad annum 1875 fecit. Iacobus Della Chiesa presbyter die 21 Decembris anno 1878 Romae ordinatus est, postea fuit scriba nuntii apostolici in Hispania cardinalis Mariani Rampollae Tindari. Cum anno 1887 Papa Leo XIII Marianum Rampollam Cardinalem Secretarium Status nominavit, Della Chiesa vicarius eius factus est. Die 16 Decembris anno 1907 Iacobus Della Chiesa episcopus Bononiae nominatus est dieque 25 Maii 1914 cardinalis Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae semper a Pio X creatus est. Die III Septembris anno 1914, cardinales eum in summum pontificem elegerunt. Iacobus Della Chiesa nomen pontificale sibi Benedictum XV imposuit ad honorem Benedicti XIV, qui etiam episcopus Bononiae fuerat et postea papa. Benedictus XV fuit papa Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae inter primum bellum mundanum. Papa semper et assidue pro pace et contra bellum, quod dixit inanem stragem et mortem voluntariam Europae esse, congreditur. Anno 1917 in solemnitate Dominica Pentecostes, Benedictus XV Codicem Iuris Canonici promulgavit. Die 1 Maii 1917, cum motu proprio Dei Providentis papa Benedictus praesentem Congregationem pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus (tunc Congregationem pro Ecclesia Orientali) a Congregatione de Propaganda Fide separavit. Benedictus XV duodecim encyclicas epistulas scripsit: Ad beatissimi Apostolorum principis (die 1 Novembris 1914) contra primum bellum mundanum et pro unitate Ecclesiae Humani generis redemptionem (die 15 Iunii 1917) de precatione Dei verbi Quod iam diu (die 1 Decembris 1918) de costituenda pace conventus In hac tanta (die 14 Maii 1919) Paterno iam diu (die 24 Novembris 1919) Pacem, Dei munus pulcherrimum (die 23 Maii 1920) de pace et de iure gentium Spiritus Paraclitus (die 15 Septembris 1920) de Sacra Scriptura Principi apostolorum Petro (die 5 Octobris 1920) Annus iam plenus (die 1 Decembris 1920) Sacra propediem (die 6 Ianuarii 1921) In praeclara summorum (die 30 Aprilis 1921) de Dante Alagherio Fausto appetente die (die 29 Iunii 1921) de Sancte Dominici #Vaticano #BenedictXV #Father Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Vivaldi pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

LEG⬩VIIII 🐂 HISPANA NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705800721888706561/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Legio VIIII Hispana vel Legio IX Hispana vel Legio VIIII Hispaniensis erat legio in imperio Romano exinde a saeculo I a.C.n. usque ad saeculum II. Non iam scimus utrum Gaii Iulii Caesaris Legio VIIII eadam erat ac illa eiusdem nominis Octaviani. Ago gratias tibi Deo per instrumenta de DJMykah et Tauro Rubrico pro bono rei publicae. #RomanEmpire #NinthLegion #Spain http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Veni Creator Spiritus per Basilicam Sancti Petri in Vaticano NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/ethereum/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705799622377078785/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus "Veni Creator Spiritus" (Come, Creator Spirit) is a traditional Christian hymn believed to have been written by Rabanus Maurus, a ninth-century German monk, teacher, and archbishop. When the original Latin text is used, it is normally sung in Gregorian Chant. It has been translated and paraphrased into several languages, and adapted into many musical forms, often as a hymn for Pentecost or for other occasions that focus on the Holy Spirit. As an invocation of the Holy Spirit, Veni Creator Spiritus is sung in the Catholic Church during liturgical celebrations on the feast of Pentecost (at both Terce and Vespers). It is also sung at occasions such as the entrance of Cardinals to the Sistine Chapel when they elect a new pope, as well as at the consecration of bishops, the ordination of priests, the sacrament of Confirmation, the dedication of churches, the celebration of synods or councils, the coronation of monarchs, the profession of members of religious institutes, and other similar solemn events. There are also Catholic traditions of singing the hymn on New Year's Day for plenary indulgence. Veni, Creator Spiritus, mentes tuorum visita, imple superna gratia, quae tu creasti, pectora. Come, Holy Ghost, Creator, come from thy bright heav'nly throne; come, take possession of our souls, and make them all thine own. Qui diceris Paraclitus, donum Dei altissimi, fons vivus, ignis, caritas, et spiritalis unctio. Thou who art called the Paraclete, best gift of God above, the living spring, the living fire, sweet unction and true love. Tu septiformis munere, dextrae Dei tu digitus, tu rite promissum Patris, sermone ditans guttura. Thou who art sevenfold in thy grace, finger of God's right hand; his promise, teaching little ones to speak and understand. Accende lumen sensibus, infunde amorem cordibus, infirma nostri corporis virtute firmans perpeti. O guide our minds with thy blest light, with love our hearts inflame; and with thy strength, which ne'er decays, confirm our mortal frame. Hostem repellas longius pacemque dones protinus; ductore sic te praevio vitemus omne noxium. Far from us drive our deadly foe; true peace unto us bring; and through all perils lead us safe beneath thy sacred wing. Per te sciamus da Patrem noscamus atque Filium, te utriusque Spiritum credamus omni tempore. Through thee may we the Father know, through thee th'eternal Son, and thee the Spirit of them both, thrice-blessed three in One. In some instances, a doxology follows: Deo Patri sit gloria, et Filio qui a mortuis surrexit, ac Paraclito, Amen. in saeculorum saecula. All glory to the Father be, with his coequal Son; the same to thee, great Paraclete, while endless ages run. Amen. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de archive.org et Rabano Mauro pro bono rei publicae, cf. https://archive.org/details/the-way-of-the-cross-via-crucis-miserere-mei-deus_202102/A+Solis+Ortus+Cardine+-+Catholic+Christmas+Song.mp3 #VeniCreatorSpiritus #Pentecost #Chant http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#ProjectUkraine: MARCA CLEMENTINA http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Pope Clement VIII (Latin: Clemens VIII; Italian: Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death. Born in Fano, Italy to a prominent Florentine family, he initially came to prominence as a canon lawyer before being made a Cardinal-Priest in 1585. In 1592 he was elected Pope and took the name of Clement. During his papacy he effected the reconciliation of Henry IV of France to the Catholic faith and was instrumental in setting up an alliance of Christian nations to oppose the Ottoman Empire in the so-called Long War. He also successfully adjudicated in a bitter dispute between the Dominicans and the Jesuits on the issue of efficacious grace and free will. In 1600 he presided over a jubilee which saw many pilgrimages to Rome. He presided over the trial and execution of Giordano Bruno and implementing strict measures against Jewish residents of the Papal States. He may have been the first pope to drink coffee. Clement VIII died at the age of 69 in 1605 and his remains now rest in the Rome city church of Santa Maria Maggiore. The Synod of Brest was held 1595 in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, by which a great part of the Ruthenian clergy and people were reunited to Rome. #ClementVIII #UnionOfBrest #Ruthenia #Ukraine #UkranianFlag #Ucrania #RussiaUkraine #History #Vatican #Reunification #CatholicChurch #GreekCatholic #Orthodoxy #Poland #Lithuania #HolyLeague #Christianity #Orthodox #Catholicism #OrthodoxCatholic #Filioque #Primacy #Easter #Europe #EasternEurope #BlueAndYellow #UkranianColors #music #UkrainiAnanthem #music #Reunion #PapalArms #Marca #Clementine #Commonwealth #Poland #Lithuania #Christians Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de EasyPiano.cz pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

PAX TIBI MARCE EVANGELISTA MEVS. NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705791925795684353/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Venetian tradition states that when St. Mark was traveling through Europe, he arrived at a lagoon in Venice, whereby an angel appeared to him and said, "Pax tibi Marce, evangelista meus. Hic requiescet corpus tuum." ("Peace be with thee, O Mark, my evangelist. Here thy body will rest."). #SanMarco #LionOfVenice #Doge http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

Hymnus Paschale «O Filii et Filiae» a Joanne Tisserand, O.F.M. (+1494 A.D.) #HeIsALive #Easter #ChristIsRisen NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705785328725917697/ https://www.zazzle.com/resurrection_mantegna_tours_poster-228523592709918791 This hymn was written by Jean Tisserand, O.F.M. (d. 1494) and originally had only nine stanzas. Stanzas "Discipulis adstantibus", "Ut intellexit Didymus", "Beati qui non viderunt" are early additions to the hymn. There are several different versions of the hymn. The one below is one of the more common versions. Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia. Alleluia, Alleluia, Alleluia. O filii et filiae, Rex caelestis, Rex gloriae morte surrexit hodie. R. Alleluia Ye sons and daughters of the Lord, the King of glory, King adored, this day Himself from death restored. R. Alleluia Ex mane prima Sabbati ad ostium monumenti accesserunt discipuli. R. Alleluia All in the early morning gray went holy women on their way, to see the tomb where Jesus lay. R. Alleluia Et Maria Magdalene, et Iacobi, et Salome Venerunt corpus ungere R. Alleluia Of spices pure a precious store in their pure hands these women bore, to anoint the sacred Body o'er. R. Alleluia In albis sedens angelus praedixit mulieribus: In Galilaea est Dominus. R. Alleluia The straightaway one in white they see, who saith, "seek the Lord: but He is risen and gone to Galilee." R. Alleluia Et Ioannes apostolus cucurrit Petro citius, monumento venit prius. R. Alleluia This told they Peter, told John; who forthwith to the tomb are gone, but Peter is by John outrun. R. Alleluia Discipulis astantibus, in medio stetit Christus, dicens: Pax vobis omnibus. R. Alleluia That self-same night, while out of fear the doors where shut, their Lord most dear to His Apostles did appear. R. Alleluia Ut intellexit Didymus quia surrexerat Iesus, remansit fere dubius. R. Alleluia But Thomas, when of this he heard, was doubtful of his brethren's word; wherefore again there comes the Lord. R. Alleluia Vide Thoma, vide latus, vide pedes, vide manus, noli esse incredulus. R. Alleluia "Thomas, behold my side," saith He; "My hands, My feet, My body see, and doubt not, but believe in Me." R. Alleluia Quando Thomas vidit Christum, pedes, manus, latus suum, dixit: Tu es Deus meus. R. Alleluia When Thomas saw that wounded side, the truth no longer he denied; "Thou art my Lord and God!" he cried. R. Alleluia Beati qui non viderunt et firmiter crediderunt; vitam aeternam habebunt. R. Alleluia Oh, blest are they who have not seen their Lord and yet believe in Him! eternal life awaitheth them. R. Alleluia In hoc festo sanctissimo sit laus et iubilatio: benedicamus Domino. R. Alleluia Now let us praise the Lord most high, and strive His name to magnify on this great day, through earth and sky: R. Alleluia Ex quibus nos humillimas devotas atque debitas Deo dicamus gratias. R. Alleluia Whose mercy ever runneth o'er; Whom men and Angel hosts adore; to Him be glory evermore. R. Alleluia Latin from March, Latin Hymns. Translation by Fr. Edward Caswall (1814-1878). http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

NVMMVS: CIVITAS SYI ♖ - ᛭ M ZAEHARIE (~1324-39 A.D.) NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705777632144523265 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Chios, Martin Zaccaria (c.1324-39), Denier Tornese, 0.68g, civitas syi, tower, rev. +m zaeharie., cross (Schl. XIII, 32, var.), fine, rare. Features Issuer Lordship of Chios (Genoese colonies) Lord Martino Zaccaria (1324-1329) Type Standard circulation coin Years 1324-1339 Value 1 Denier Tornese (1/72) Currency Ducat Composition Silver Weight 0.68 g Shape Round Technique Hammered Demonetized Yes Number N# 192699 The Lordship of Chios was founded in 1304, when Benedetto I Zaccaria conquered the Greek island of Chios and received it as a fief from the Eastern Roman - Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus. Chios remained well outside any practical Eastern Roman - Byzantine authority, however. Paleologo Zaccaria ( ? –1314) was the Lord of Chios and Phocaea, as well as other Aegean islands from 1307 until his death. Paleologo was the son of Benedetto I Zaccaria Lord of Chios and Pocaea; his mother was a Palaiologina, sister of the Emperor Michael VIII. His first name is unknown, as is the first name of his mother. On the death of his father, he succeeded him. The brothers Benedetto II Zaccaria and Martino Zaccaria were his sons (or his cousins, sons of Nicolino Zaccaria). In 1329, a rebellion of the locals overthrew the Italian Zaccaria family and the island became an Eastern Roman - Byzantine possession again. In 1345, it fell to the Giustiniani, who held it until 1566, when it finally capitulated to the Ottoman Empire. Martino Zaccaria was the Lord of Chios from 1314 to 1329, ruler of several other Aegean islands, and baron of Veligosti–Damala and Chalandritsa in the Principality of Achaea. He distinguished himself in the fight against Turkish corsairs in the Aegean Sea, and received the title of "King and Despot of Asia Minor" from the titular Latin Emperor, Philip II. He was deposed from his rule of Chios by a Byzantine expedition in 1329, and imprisoned in Constantinople until 1337. Martino then returned to Italy, where he was named the Genoese ambassador to the Holy See. In 1343 he was named commander of the Papal squadron in the Smyrniote crusade against Umur Bey, ruler of the Emirate of Aydin, and participated in the storming of Smyrna in October 1344. He was killed, along with several other of the crusade's leaders, in a Turkish attack on 17 January 1345. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Valeron pro bono rei publicae. #Chios #Zaccaria #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705777632144523265 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Chios, Martin Zaccaria (c.1324-39), Denier Tornese, 0.68g, civitas syi, tower, rev. +m zaeharie., cross (Schl. XIII, 32, var.), fine, rare. Features Issuer Lordship of Chios (Genoese colonies) Lord Martino Zaccaria (1324-1329) Type Standard circulation coin Years 1324-1339 Value 1 Denier Tornese (1/72) Currency Ducat Composition Silver Weight 0.68 g Shape Round Technique Hammered Demonetized Yes Number N# 192699 The Lordship of Chios was founded in 1304, when Benedetto I Zaccaria conquered the Greek island of Chios and received it as a fief from the Eastern Roman - Byzantine Emperor Andronicus II Palaeologus. Chios remained well outside any practical Eastern Roman - Byzantine authority, however. Paleologo Zaccaria ( ? –1314) was the Lord of Chios and Phocaea, as well as other Aegean islands from 1307 until his death. Paleologo was the son of Benedetto I Zaccaria Lord of Chios and Pocaea; his mother was a Palaiologina, sister of the Emperor Michael VIII. His first name is unknown, as is the first name of his mother. On the death of his father, he succeeded him. The brothers Benedetto II Zaccaria and Martino Zaccaria were his sons (or his cousins, sons of Nicolino Zaccaria). In 1329, a rebellion of the locals overthrew the Italian Zaccaria family and the island became an Eastern Roman - Byzantine possession again. In 1345, it fell to the Giustiniani, who held it until 1566, when it finally capitulated to the Ottoman Empire. Martino Zaccaria was the Lord of Chios from 1314 to 1329, ruler of several other Aegean islands, and baron of Veligosti–Damala and Chalandritsa in the Principality of Achaea. He distinguished himself in the fight against Turkish corsairs in the Aegean Sea, and received the title of "King and Despot of Asia Minor" from the titular Latin Emperor, Philip II. He was deposed from his rule of Chios by a Byzantine expedition in 1329, and imprisoned in Constantinople until 1337. Martino then returned to Italy, where he was named the Genoese ambassador to the Holy See. In 1343 he was named commander of the Papal squadron in the Smyrniote crusade against Umur Bey, ruler of the Emirate of Aydin, and participated in the storming of Smyrna in October 1344. He was killed, along with several other of the crusade's leaders, in a Turkish attack on 17 January 1345. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de Valeron pro bono rei publicae. #Chios #Zaccaria #RomanEmpire http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

PROVATICANVS NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705775433121267713/ http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Summo Pontífici et universáli Papæ pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Eminentíssimo Cardináli Archiepíscopo et omni clero ei commísso pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. Témpora bona véniant, pax Christi véniat, regnum Christi véniat. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Summo Pontífici et universáli Papæ pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. (N.) Reverendíssimo Epíscopo et omni clero ei commísso pax, vita et salus perpétua. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. Témpora bona véniant, pax Christi véniat, regnum Christi véniat. Christus vincit, Christus regnat, Christus, Christus ímperat. #PROVATICANVS #Vatican #ProVaticanus http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

CRUX FRATRUM MILITIAE CHRISTI LIVONIAE http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus https://www.zazzle.com/camisia_pro_fratribus_militiae_christi_livoniae_polo_shirt-235214605994220078?rf=238651287932471211 https://www.zazzle.com/camisia_pro_cruciata_de_livonia_t_shirt-235103426248701961 The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin: Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae, German: Schwertbrüderorden, French: Ordre des Chevaliers Porte-Glaive, Polish: Zakon Kawalerów Mieczowych) was a Catholic military order established in 1202 by Albert, the third bishop of Riga (or possibly by Theoderich von Treyden). Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204 for the second time. The membership of the order comprised German "warrior monks" who fought Baltic and Finnic pagans in the area of modern-day Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Alternative names of the Order include Christ Knights, Swordbrothers, Sword Brethren, Order of the Brothers of the Sword, and The Militia of Christ of Livonia. The seal reads: +MAGISTRI ETFRM (et fratrum) MILICIE CRI (Christi) DE LIVONIA. Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Schaulen (Saule) in 1236, the surviving Brothers merged into the Teutonic Order as an autonomous branch and became known as the Livonian Order. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de G.C. pro bono rei publicae. #Livonia #DeusVult #EasternEurope http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

SPECVLATORES ET EXPLORATORES PRO FRATRIBVS #XP+#SPQR AD VICTORIAM PER IMPERIVM ROMANVM #NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705771035074756609/ via @opensea http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus Speculatores and Exploratores were the scouts and reconnaissance element of the Roman army. In both the legions and in the praetorian camp, speculatores were initially scouts but became bodyguards, couriers, law-enforcers, and sometimes executioners. Exploratores were tasked to keep watch on enemy movements in the field. Both occupations could require the wearing of 'plain clothes' and may therefore be deemed spies (Occulta speculator/speculatrix). The Roman Empire lasted a very long time and various espionage units, including the infamous frumentarii created by Hadrian to suppress internal dissent, and later the agentes in rebus, came and went throughout its history. The first permanent imperial bodyguards were the Corporis Custodes (also called Germanic or Batavian bodyguards). They were probably involved in the death of Emperor Nero, and therefore from that moment on amortized as bodyguards. His successor, Galba, promoted his own bodyguards, the Speculatores, to imperial bodyguards. This situation continued until emperor Trajan promoted his own bodyguard, the Equites Singulares, to imperial bodyguards. The Speculatores were recruited from the best riders of the Praetorian cavalry; they became the unit that was entrusted with the protection of the emperor in Rome. Despite being a private, standalone unit with its own barracks, the unit frequently counted to the Praetorian Guard. The tasks of the imperial bodyguard consisted of (among others): guarding and protecting the emperor, the delivery of imperial mail and training with the emperor during public shows, in which the emperor could show his riding and combat skills to the population. Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "lOSt MooN", NCS, et A. Walker pro bono rei publicae. #Spectre #Victory #RomanEmpire #Explorers #Kolombia #Columbus #Byzantine #Christianity #KnightsOfChrist #DeusVult #Latin #V #U #RomanLegions #RomanMilitary #MilitaryOrders #Intel #ChristianOffices #Deacons #Subdeacons #TLM #EyesAndEars #Watchmen #CaesarsMen #TheodosiusTheGreat #Stealth #SpecialOps #GhostRecon #Reconnaissance #Scouts #Sentry #Wolfpack #ROMA #Walkmen #ϒ http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#ζ OPI S. GEORGIUS EQUITUM PATRONUS PRO #XP+#SPQR #NFT: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/70850007952586269275279839719145878113431027391457810365503705769935563128833 http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus COLLECT Deus, qui nos beati Georgii Martyris tui meritis et intercessione lætificas : concede propitius : ut, qui tua per eum beneficia poscimus, dono tuæ gratiæ consequamur. Per Dominum nostrum. O God, who makest us to rejoice in the merits and intercession of blessed George, thy martyr; grant in thy mercy that, as we seek thy blessings through him, we may obtain them through the gift of thy grace. Through our Lord. #StGeorge #Z #RomanEmpire #Orthodoxy #Christianity #CatholicChurch #Crusader #DeusVult #SanJorge #Ops #Force #Zymbol Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "The Walkers (et A. Walker)" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus

#IMPERIVM ROMANVM : α☧ω 🦅🦅 #ββββ : βασιλεὺς βασιλέων, βασιλεύων βασιλευόντων http://zazzle.com/ProVaticanus This Roman Imperial standard-flag is based on the tetragrammic cross emblem/flag of the Byzantine Palaiologos dynasty, with the difference that in Serbian use the cross is usually white on a red background, rather than gold on a red background (though it can be depicted in gold as well). It is composed of a cross symbol with four "fire striker" shapes, originally four Greek letters beta (Β). The so called ‘ocila' in Serbian or ‘fire strikers' in English are the initials (letters β) of the imperial motto of the Palaiologos dynasty: King of Kings, Ruling Over Kings. In Greek it goes like this: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων, βασιλεύων βασιλευόντων; (Basileus Basileōn, Basileuōn Basileuontōn) The emblem mostly associated with the Roman Empire in the East (Byzantine) is the double-headed eagle. It is not of Byzantine invention, but a traditional Anatolian motif dating to Hittite times, and the Byzantines themselves only used it in the last centuries of the Empire. The date of its adoption by the Byzantines has been hotly debated by scholars. In 1861, the Greek scholar Georgios Chrysovergis wrote that it was adopted by the Komnenoi in 1048. The Palaiologan emperors used the double-headed eagle as a symbol of the senior members of the imperial family. It was mostly used on clothes and other accoutrements, as codified in the mid-14th century by pseudo-Kodinos in his Book of Offices. According to Kodinos, the emperor bore special boots (tzangia) with eagles made of pearls on both shins and on the instep; the Despots wore similar boots of white and purple, and featured pearl-embroidered eagles on their saddles, while the saddle cloth and their tents were white decorated with red eagles. Similarly, the sebastokrator wore blue boots with golden wire-embroidered eagles on a red background, while his saddle cloth was blue with four red embroidered eagles. The only occasion the double-headed eagle appears on a flag is on the ship that bore Emperor John VIII Palaiologos to the Council of Florence, as mentioned by Sphrantzes and confirmed by its depiction in the Filarete Doors of St. Peter's Basilica. According to a handful of surviving examples, such as the supposed "Flag of Andronikos II Palaiologos" in the Vatopedi Monastery, or a frontispiece of a Bible belonging to Demetrios Palaiologos, the Byzantine double-headed eagle was golden on a red background. Likewise, in Western armorials from the 15th century, the golden double-headed eagle on a red shield is given as the arms of the "Empire of the East" or "of Constantinople", or as emblem of members of the imperial family. The representation of the eagle on a shield is an adaptation to Western heraldic practice, however; the Byzantines never used it in this manner for themselves, although they employed it in a Western context, e.g. in the award of the right to bear the imperial arms to the Florentine citizen Giacomo Paolo di Morellis in 1439. Within the Byzantine world, the eagle was also used by the semi-autonomous Despots of the Morea, who were younger imperial princes, and by the Gattilusi of Lesbos, who were Palaiologan relatives and vassals. The double-headed eagle was used in the breakaway Empire of Trebizond as well, being attested imperial clothes but also on flags. Indeed, Western portolans of the 14th–15th centuries use the double-headed eagle (silver/golden on red/vermilion) as the symbol of Trebizond rather than Constantinople. Single-headed eagles are also attested in Trapezuntine coins, and a 1421 source depicts the Trapezuntine flag as yellow with a red single-headed eagle. Apparently, just as in the metropolitan Byzantine state, the use of both motifs, single and double-headed, continued side by side. Double-headed eagle reliefs are also attested for the walls of Trebizond, with one example preserved in a church in Kalamaria, Thessaloniki, which is very similar to 13th-century Seljuq examples. Modern scholars commonly consider the double-headed eagle to have been adopted by the Grand Komnenos emperors of Trebizond after their recognition of the suzerainty of, and intermarriage with, the Palaiologos dynasty in the 1280s. Likewise, the small Byzantine Principality of Theodoro in the Crimea, whose rulers conducted marriage alliances with both the Palaiologoi and the Grand Komnenoi, also used the double-headed eagle in the 15th century. #XP #SPQR #Imperium #RomanEmpire #Byzantine #Orthodoxy #Labarum #Rome #Constantinople #EasternRomanEmpire #ByzantineEmpire #Romanoi #Orthodox #Catholic #Palaiologos #CouncilOfFlorence #ByzantineMusic #Anthem #RomanFlag #Vexillum #Ekklesia #Reunion #ChurchState #ConstantineTheGreat #TheodosiusTheGreat #JohnVIII #ConstantineXI #Patria #DoubleEagle #4Beta #AlphaOmega #ChiRho #Serbia #Greece #Italia #TheEmpire #TheRepublic Ago tibi gratias Deo per instrumenta de "Zzen" pro bono rei publicae. http://patreon.com/ProVaticanus