1900 in Colour - Manchester Clothing Factory
In 1864, Manchester's Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd was created to manufacture goods for all co-operatives. The company is still around today and now known as Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd.
By 1900 the company employed over 8,000 people, and the organization played a role during WW2 to produce uniforms and boots, as well as many other wartime initiatives under the company's other subsidiaries.
The staged antics within the film were commonplace during the time with entertainment being the main objective.
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1901 in Colour - North Shields, Tyne and Wear, North East England
North Shields, a town within the North Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear, North East England (formerly part of the Tynemouth County Borough, abolished in 1974).
North Shields was first leveraged in 1225 to provide a fisheries for the Priory, situated at the mouth of the River Tyne.
The port is still in use today, with the present quay built in 1870 (to accommodate the new steam fishing trawlers) and is the largest English port for prawns. It was also once the largest kipper producer, however the lack of herring stocks reduced the trade to one smokery.
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1900 in Color - HMS Powerful Arriving Portsmouth Harbour (Boer War)
HMS Powerful was a 'Powerful-class of protected cruiser' launched on 24th July 1895 by the Duchess of Devonshire. The ship fought during the Second Boer War during the Siege of Ladysmith, and served with her sister ship, HMS Terrible, on the China Station. During the war, Captain Hedworth Lambton commanded HMS Powerful, with Captain Percy Scott commanding HMS Terrible.
The ship was dubbed the biggest cruiser in the world by the Eastern Daily Press and had the following Captains during her lifetime:
Captain The Hon. Hedworth Lambton, 8 June, 1897 – 8 June, 1900
Captain James Startin, 21 July, 1903 – 3 September, 1903
Captain Frederick St. G. Rich, 3 January, 1905 – 26 August, 1905
Captain Lionel Halsey, 26 August, 1905 – 1 January, 1908
Captain Cecil I. Prowse, 1 January, 1908 – 31 December, 1910
Captain Edward F. Bruen, 31 December, 1910 – 1912
Captain Charles D. Johnson, early 1912 – 16 March, 1912
Captain Herbert J. Savill, 1 July, 1913 – 14 May, 1915
Captain Cecil H. Fox, 16 May, 1915 – 4 July, 1917
Acting Captain Frederic W. Dean, 4 July, 1917
HMNB Portsmouth was built in 1194 and is one of the Royal Navy's three naval bases. It covers 300 acres and until the 1970s was known as 'Portsmouth Royal Dockyard'. The base homes a large majority of the Royal Navy's surface fleet and employs over 15,000 personnel.
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1900 in Colour - Trafalgar Square (Trafalgar Day)
A view into Trafalgar Day at Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square, October 1900. The day is commemorated to celebrate Admiral Nelson's victory over both the combined Spanish and French fleets on 21st October 1805.
Trafalgar Square is located within Westminster, London and has been a landmark for centuries, including used as a location source to measure distances.
The footage was taken shortly after the beginning of the Second Boer War, also known as the Anglo–Boer War, or South African War, which cantered around recently discovered gold deposits in South Africa.
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1899 in Colour - Queen Victoria's Life Guards (Boer War)
Her Majesty Queen Victoria reviewing the 1st and 2nd Regiments of Life Guards on parade prior to fighting in South Africa as part of the Second Boer War.
The Life Guards are garrisoned at Bulford Camp, RHQ, London and are also known as the Donkey Wallopers, the Tins, Tinned Fruit, Piccadilly Butchers, or Piccadilly Cowboys. They were consolidated from the four troops of Horse Guards in 1788.
The Second Boer War, also known as the South African war, or Anglo-Boer war, or 'Second Freedom War' was between 11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902 and centred around recently discovered gold deposits in South Africa.
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1948 - Introduction of the NHS (UK Labour Government, Attlee)
The UK's Labour government introduced the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948, with many attributing the founding to Aneurin Bevan (Labour's Minister for Health). Labour came to power in 1945, led by Clement Attlee.
There are four implementations of the NHS in the UK: NHS England, the NHS Scotland, HSC Northern Ireland and NHS Wales, each with a unique implementation of legislation.
The NHS originally had four core principles:
- That it meet the needs of everyone
- That it be free at the point of delivery
- That it be based on clinical need, not ability to pay
However in July, 2000 this was extended to include:
- Provide a comprehensive range of services
- Shape its services around the needs and preferences of individual patients, - their families and their carers
- Respond to the different needs of different populations
- Work continuously to improve the quality of services and to minimise errors
- Support and value its staff
- Use public funds for healthcare devoted solely to NHS patients
- Work with others to ensure a seamless service for patients
- Help to keep people healthy and work to reduce health inequalities
- Respect the confidentiality of individual patients and provide open access to information about services, treatment and performance
The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), assumes political responsibility for the National Health Service (NHS).
The NHS replaced the "panel" system following WW2.
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