Maui's 2023 Inferno: The Fight to Rebuild
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Explore the aftermath of Maui's 2023 wildfires, a disaster that has shaken the island to its core. This in-depth documentary examines the extensive damage, the ongoing challenges faced by the community, and the estimated $6 billion needed for recovery. We take a closer look at the impact on both human life and the environment. Join us as we discuss the resilience of the Maui community and their united path towards rebuilding.
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The Sphere: Exploring Las Vegas' Most Expensive Entertainment Venue
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Have you seen those viral clips of a mesmerizing, glowing sphere that's been taking social media by storm? The one that transforms into a gigantic basketball, a realistic eye, our very own Earth, and even the moon? That's The Sphere at The Venetian Resort, a venue that's not just about hosting events, but transforming them into immersive sensory experiences. Today, we're going beyond the viral clips to explore what makes The Sphere so special. Ready to delve into the details of this architectural marvel? Let's get started!
The Sphere is the brainchild of two industry giants - Las Vegas Sands Corporation, a global leader in destination properties, and Madison Square Garden Entertainment Corp., a titan in live entertainment. Announced in 2018, this project was more than just another addition to Las Vegas' skyline. It was a bold vision to revolutionize live entertainment, a vision that came with a hefty price tag. Initially estimated at $1.2 billion, the cost of The Sphere eventually surpassed $2 billion due to design changes, the global supply chain crisis, and inflation surge. With a final expected cost of $2.3 billion, it stands as the most expensive entertainment venue in Las Vegas history, even outpacing the $1.9 billion Allegiant Stadium. But as we'll see, every penny spent on The Sphere was an investment in creating an unparalleled live entertainment experience.
Las Vegas Sands Corporation, known for its innovative resorts, and Madison Square Garden Entertainment Corp., owner of iconic venues like the original Madison Square Garden, joined forces to create an immersive, state-of-the-art venue. The Sphere was designed to be more than a host for events; it was built to become an integral part of them, enhancing the audience's experience with cutting-edge technology and architecture.
In essence, The Sphere is a symbol of innovation and the spirit of Las Vegas - a city that's always pushing boundaries and offering visitors something new and exciting. But don't just take my word for it, let's take a closer look.
The Sphere is a marvel of modern architecture and technology. Standing 366 feet tall and 516 feet wide, its spherical exterior is a sight to behold. But it's not just about aesthetics. The exterior is covered in 580,000 square feet of programmable LED lighting, transforming its appearance to match any event or mood. I remember the first time I saw it lit up, it was truly a sight to behold.
Connected to the Venetian and Palazzo complex by a nearly 1,000-foot-long pedestrian bridge, The Sphere is seamlessly integrated into the heart of Las Vegas' entertainment ecosystem. Inside, it houses a record 160,000-square-foot wraparound LED display, creating an immersive visual environment that engulfs the audience. The Sphere is more than a venue; it's a canvas for creating breathtaking experiences.
As you step inside The Sphere, you're immediately drawn into an immersive visual spectacle. The heart of this spectacle is a 160,000-square-foot display plane. But this isn't your typical screen; it's a dynamic visual platform that breathes life into every performance with stunning detail, thanks to its 19,000 x 13,500 pixel matrix. Can you imagine the visual feast that awaits inside?
Beyond the visual, The Sphere is a masterclass in versatility. It's designed to host a diverse range of events, with a seating capacity of 18,600. Whether it's a concert or a corporate presentation, every event here is transformed into a unique and unforgettable experience.
What's a concert without great sound? But at The Sphere, it's not just about great sound; it's about a sound experience that's tailored to the listener. The Sphere is equipped with a beamforming sound system, a cutting-edge technology that allows audio to be directed to specific locations in the room. This isn't your typical concert sound system. The Sphere's sound system is a multi-layered audio marvel equipped with more than 167,000 speakers. This allows for a level of audio precision that's simply unmatched. Whether you're in one of the 10,000 'immersive haptic seats' or anywhere else in the venue, the sound is directed specifically to your location, creating a personalized sound experience for every seat in the house. Can you imagine what it would be like to hear your favorite song in this kind of environment?
But it's not just about the technology; it's about how it's used.
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Sindalah: NEOM's Luxury Island
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Escape to a world-class destination where technology meets nature, luxury meets sustainability, and adventure meets relaxation. Sindalah Island is the latest project from NEOM, the world's most ambitious tourism project, and promises an unforgettable experience for luxury travelers, set to open 2024.Sindalah Island is the first physical showcase of NEOM, a futuristic city being built on the coast of the Red Sea. This exclusive gateway to the stunning Red Sea will provide year-round delights thanks to its perfect climate, and will cater to visitors looking for exquisite luxury. With unforgettable experiences above and below the water, Sindalah is set to take high-end tourism to new levels.
Sindalah Island is an extraordinary destination that provides visitors with a combination of luxurious experiences and breathtaking natural beauty. The island spans over 840,000 square meters, making it the ultimate playground for travelers seeking something truly unique. The island has been carefully designed to cater to the world's most discerning travelers, with a wide range of cultural events, adventure sports, and social gatherings.
One of the island's most significant attractions is its prime location on the Red Sea. This stunning location provides the perfect backdrop for an unforgettable vacation experience. Whether you're an avid yachtsman or just a lover of the sea, Sindalah Island offers an unparalleled opportunity to explore the Red Sea's crystal-clear waters.
The island's state-of-the-art marina is one of the key attractions for visitors, with its ability to accommodate up to 86 berths and 75 additional offshore buoys for superyachts. This makes it an ideal destination for the international yachting community, and an excellent starting point for exploring the area's numerous attractions.
But Sindalah Island isn't just about yachting. It offers so much more, from cultural events to adventure sports, and social gatherings that cater to all types of travelers. The island's luxurious amenities and world-class dining options provide the perfect complement to its stunning natural surroundings. Visitors can enjoy the ultimate pampering experience at the island's state-of-the-art spa, complete with a range of treatments to rejuvenate the mind, body, and soul.
For adventure seekers, the island has plenty to offer as well. With its pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and rich marine life, Sindalah Island provides an unparalleled opportunity to explore the wonders of the Red Sea. Visitors can go snorkeling or scuba diving to discover the vibrant coral reefs and exotic sea creatures that call the area home. Alternatively, they can explore the island's rugged interior on foot, to marvel at the majestic Trojena peaks.
Sindalah Island is the epitome of contemporary luxury and sustainability, where cutting-edge technology meets the natural world. This unique island oasis is designed to be both visually stunning and environmentally responsible, with crystal-clear waters, unspoiled beaches, and diverse marine life offering an unforgettable escape for luxury travelers. At the heart of Sindalah Island's appeal is its commitment to sustainability. NEOM's strict environmental standards ensure that the island's natural beauty is protected, with 100% renewable energy and advanced waste management systems minimizing its ecological impact. The island's state-of-the-art desalination plant ensures a sustainable supply of fresh water, reducing reliance on groundwater and promoting responsible water use. Sindalah Island sets a new benchmark for luxury travel, blending opulence and sustainability to create a destination that inspires travelers to rethink their impact on the environment. This innovative approach to tourism is a key part of NEOM's vision for a smarter, more sustainable future, and Sindalah Island is just the beginning. Sindalah Island blends contemporary luxury with environmental sustainability, showcasing a new benchmark for responsible tourism.
The island is designed to nurture its natural surroundings, including majestic Trojena peaks and spectacular coastal waters.
Sindalah Island is the ultimate playground for luxury travelers, with an 840,000-square-meter oasis that caters to every taste and preference.
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The Baihetan Dam: The Last Large Hydropower Project in China
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The Baihetan Dam is a remarkable feat of engineering, a massive hydroelectric dam located on the Jinsha River in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China. It is the last large hydropower project in China and the second-largest hydropower plant in the world, after the Three Gorges Dam. This project is part of the world's largest clean energy corridor that connects other mega hydropower projects like the Wudongde, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, and Three Gorges Dams.
The Baihetan Dam is a 289-meter-tall double-curvature arch dam, with a crest elevation of 827 meters and a width of 72 meters at the base, and 13 meters at the crest. It impounds the Jinsha River and has a total capacity of 17,924,000,000 m3, that is around 14 500 000 acre-feet. The hydropower station is equipped with 16 hydro-generating units that each have a capacity of 1 million kilowatts, making it the largest single-unit capacity globally.
The surveying of the dam site was done in 1992, and the original plan for the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station was formally started in 2008. The dam was originally scheduled to be constructed between 2009 and 2018, but the actual construction started on August 3, 2017. The reservoir first started storing water on April 7, 2021. By April 24, the water storage elevation of the power station had risen over 720 meters. The hydropower station started partial electricity generation in July of the same year, and all hydro-generating units of the Baihetan hydropower station became fully operational on December 20, 2022. Experts have noted the four-year construction period as being exceptionally fast for a project of its type.
The Baihetan Dam is not just about generating power; it also provides flood control, improved navigation, and sand blocking. It is estimated to generate 60.24 Terra Watt hours annually and will save about 90.45 million tons of coal per year and consequently reduce annual carbon emissions by 248.4 million tonnes. The dam and reservoir have particularly affected upstream Qiaojia County, providing thousands of jobs to local residents.
The Baihetan Dam has faced criticisms, however. There are concerns about the environmental impact of the dam and the displacement of local communities. The construction of the dam has flooded a large area of land, and the displacement of people and animals has been a major concern. The government has promised to compensate those affected by the project, but critics argue that the compensation has not been adequate.
Despite the criticisms, the Baihetan Dam is a remarkable achievement, a testament to China's determination to become a global leader in renewable energy. The dam and the other mega hydropower projects on the same river system are part of China's ambitious plan to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and promote sustainable development. The Baihetan Dam is a shining example of what can be achieved with determination, innovation, and investment.
In conclusion, the Baihetan Dam is an engineering marvel, a massive hydroelectric dam that generates clean and renewable energy. It is the last large hydropower project in China and the second-largest hydropower plant in the world.
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Credit:
TruMen Tech:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13qOE2N_AKs&ab_channel=TruMenTech
New China TV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLsntHDG5Rg&ab_channel=NewChinaTV
New China TV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeSg35qe5-w&ab_channel=NewChinaTV
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The Mukaab: The New Crazy Saudi Arabian Cube Project
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The Mukaab is a towering cube that has been recently announced to be built in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and is hailed as a prominent symbol of the country's efforts to transition from an oil-based economy to a modern tourism destination. With its imposing size and cube-shaped structure, the Mukaab is expected to become the centerpiece of the New Murabba district, which is planned to be one of the largest modern downtowns in the world. However, the building has been mired in controversy since its inception, with many critics slamming its design as being too similar to the Kaaba, Islam's holiest site located in Mecca. Despite the ambitious vision behind the Mukaab, the building's striking resemblance to the Kaaba has raised eyebrows and sparked debate about the ethics of copying religious symbols for commercial purposes.
The Mukaab is so large that it could fit 20 Empire State Buildings inside it, and at 400 meters tall, it would technically count as a supertall skyscraper. It is inspired by traditional Najdi architecture and will feature a beautiful surface that shines in the sun, dominating the skyline of Riyadh.
Inside the Mukaab, there will be a colossal dome that displays different virtual realities, making visitors feel like they are in a different world. It will have a spiral tower at the center that will be a premium destination for tourists, featuring restaurants, hotel rooms, observation platforms, cinemas, and theaters. The holographic dome is meant to be an immersive experience, unlike anything seen before.
The Mukaab is part of a larger project called New Murabba, which aims to turn Riyadh into the world's largest modern downtown. The district will include more than 80 entertainment venues, several walking trails, a large museum, and other attractions. The Mukaab will be the centerpiece of the project, and its holographic dome will transport visitors to other planets and magical worlds.
So, is the Mukaab just a viral marketing stunt, or will it actually be built? According to reports, construction on the Mukaab is set to begin in the second quarter of 2023, and it is expected to be completed by 2030. This is in line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 plan to diversify its economy and become less dependent on oil.
In conclusion, the Mukaab is a massive cube-shaped building that will dominate Riyadh's skyline. It will be 400 meters tall and 400 meters wide, making it one of the largest structures on earth. Its holographic dome will transport visitors to other planets and magical worlds, and its spiral tower will be a premium destination for tourists. While some may see it as a viral marketing stunt, it seems that the Mukaab is indeed set to be built, as part of Saudi Arabia's larger effort to shift its economy away from oil and towards tourism.
So far, there hasn't been an official announcement regarding the timeline for the completion of the Mukaab or when it will open to the public. However, given the scale of the project and the progress made on NEOM, it's possible that construction could begin soon. It's worth noting that some of the other NEOM projects, like the Line and the Oxagon, are also still in the planning stages, so it could be several years before the Mukaab is complete and ready for visitors.
Whether or not the Mukaab will actually be built remains to be seen, as there are always risks and uncertainties associated with large-scale construction projects. However, given Saudi Arabia's commitment to diversifying its economy and investing in tourism, it's likely that the Mukaab will at least be considered seriously as a potential addition to the country's growing list of megaprojects.
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Credit:
Public Investment Fund:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dj2jErpwQQk&ab_channel=PublicInvestmentFund
Public Investment Fund:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRh_oy6yItI&ab_channel=PublicInvestmentFund
Public Investment Fund:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzHuWw7mu0c&t=23s&ab_channel=PublicInvestmentFund
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kz5vEqdaSc&t=2s&ab_channel=NEOM
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The 31 Billion Dollar Plan to Save the Texas Coast from Hurricanes
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The state of Texas is no stranger to the destructive power of hurricanes. In recent years, we've seen the devastating effects of storms like Harvey and Ike, with billions of dollars in damages and loss of life.
But now, there's a new plan being proposed to protect the Texas coast from these devastating storms. A solution that has proven successful in other parts of the world: the construction of a seawall.
The Texas Seawall, a massive construction project that's been in the planning stages for years, is finally being considered as a way to protect the Texas coast from future hurricanes.
This 31 billion dollar project is inspired by the successful construction of a similar seawall in the Netherlands, and is designed to protect the Texas coast from future hurricanes.
The Seawall would sit on the Texas coast.
But before this project can move forward, funding needs to be secured. Is the Seawall the answer to our hurricane woes? Let's take a closer look.
The problem is clear: hurricanes have caused untold damage to the Texas coast over the years. The destruction caused by these powerful storms is widespread and devastating, with homes and businesses being destroyed, and entire communities being left in ruins.
Flooding is a major issue during hurricanes, with storm surges causing water levels to rise rapidly, often reaching several feet in height. This can lead to widespread flooding, with streets and homes being inundated with water, causing further damage and making it difficult for people to evacuate.
And then there's the wind damage, with high winds tearing roofs off homes and knocking down power lines. This can lead to widespread power outages, and make it difficult for first responders to access affected areas.
The damage caused by hurricanes can be catastrophic, with entire neighborhoods left in ruins. And with the frequency of hurricanes on the rise, it's clear that something needs to be done to protect the Texas coast.
That's where the Texas Seawall comes in. This massive construction project is inspired by the successful construction of a similar seawall in the Netherlands. The Dutch have long been leaders in coastal protection, and their seawall has proven effective at protecting their coast from powerful storms.
After examining the problem of hurricanes causing widespread damage to the Texas coast, and exploring the proposed solution of the Texas Seawall, it's clear that this construction project has the potential to be a game-changer in protecting our communities from future storms.
The Seawall, which is estimated to cost $31 billion. It would be made of concrete and steel, and would be several feet high, able to withstand the powerful forces of a hurricane.
This project is inspired by the successful construction of a similar seawall in the Netherlands, which has proven effective at protecting their coast from storms. The Texas Seawall would offer similar protection to the Texas coast, helping to prevent flooding and wind damage caused by hurricanes.
While the Seawall is a major undertaking and will take several years to complete, it has the potential to save lives and protect our communities from future disasters. It's a bold solution to a pressing problem, and one that could change the future of the Texas coast.
However, before construction can begin, funding needs to be secured. It's up to our state and local leaders to make the decision on whether to move forward with this project. But with the devastating effects of hurricanes on the rise, it's clear that something needs to be done to protect the Texas coast. The Texas Seawall could be the answer we've been looking for.
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The Challenges and Triumphs of Building a Giant Chinese Skyscraper
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The construction of the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre, one of the tallest and most impressive skyscrapers in the world. Standing at 1,739 feet tall, this iconic building dominates the skyline of Tianjin, China and serves as a symbol of the city's economic growth and prosperity.
But the construction of such a massive structure didn't happen overnight. It took years of planning, hard work, and a significant investment to bring the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre to life. In this video, we'll explore the fascinating history of the building's construction and take a closer look at the cost and other facts about this impressive feat of engineering.
The construction of the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre began in 2009 and was completed in 2019. The building was designed by the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP in collaboration with Ronald Lu & Partners and was built by China Construction 8th Engineering Division.
The construction process was no easy task. The building's foundation required a huge excavation and the use a lot of concrete. The structure itself is made up of steel and features 97 floors and is currently the worlds 8th tallest building in the world.
One of the most impressive features of the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre is its diagonal steel bracing, which helps to give the building its unique shape and adds to its structural stability. The bracing was constructed using a combination of steel plates and angles, which were welded together to form a series of interconnected triangles.
But the construction process wasn't without its challenges. The building site was located in a seismically active area, so the structure had to be designed to withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters. In addition, the building's height presented its own set of challenges, as workers had to contend with high winds and extreme weather conditions while working on the upper floors.
So, what did it cost to build the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre? The final price tag for the project was a staggering $2.4 billion. This impressive sum included the cost of materials, labor, and other expenses associated with the construction process.
But the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre isn't just a feat of engineering – it's also a hub for business and commerce. The building is home to a number of multinational companies, as well as a luxury hotel, restaurants, and observation decks. The building's observation decks offer stunning views of the city and the surrounding area, and are a popular tourist attraction.
In addition to its economic significance, the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre is also an important symbol of the city's growth and progress. The building's construction was a major milestone for Tianjin, and it has become an iconic landmark in the city's skyline.
The construction of the Tianjin CTF Finance Centre was a massive undertaking, but the end result is a towering achievement in engineering and architecture. From its foundation to its steel bracing, every aspect of the building is a testament to the hard work and dedication of those involved in its construction. The Tianjin CTF Finance Centre is more than just a skyscraper – it's a symbol of the city's economic growth and a testament to the ingenuity of the human spirit.
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Unbelievable: China's Most Spectacular Highways
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Exploring China's future roads and how they are shaping the future of transportation. China is known for its ambitious infrastructure projects, and the country's roads are no exception. In recent years, China has been building some of the most advanced and innovative roads in the world, using cutting-edge materials and technologies to improve efficiency, sustainability, and connectivity.
But before we dive into these futuristic roads, let's take a look at the context and background of China's infrastructure development. As one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, China has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth in recent decades. This has put pressure on the country's transportation systems, which have struggled to keep up with the demand for efficient and sustainable solutions.
To address these challenges, China has embarked on a massive infrastructure development campaign, investing billions of dollars in roads, railways, airports, and other transportation projects. In this video, we will focus on China's roads and how they are being built to meet the needs of the 21st century.
So, what makes China's future roads so special? For one, they are being built using advanced materials and technologies that are designed to improve durability, safety, and environmental performance.
For example, China is using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to build its roads, which is stronger and more durable than traditional concrete. This means that the roads can withstand heavy loads and harsh weather conditions, and have a longer lifespan.
In addition, China is incorporating smart technology into its roads, such as sensors and cameras, to improve traffic flow and safety. These sensors can detect accidents and alert authorities, while the cameras can be used for traffic monitoring and enforcement.
Finally, China is also using renewable energy sources to power its roads. For example, the country is building solar-powered roads, which use photovoltaic panels to generate electricity that can be used to light up the roads at night or power electric vehicles.
These innovative approaches are helping China to build some of the most advanced and sustainable roads in the world, and they are setting the standard for other countries to follow.
So, what impact will China's future roads have on the country and the world? First and foremost, they will improve connectivity and mobility for China's citizens and businesses. These advanced roads will be able to handle more traffic and reduce congestion, making it easier for people to get around and for goods to be transported.
In addition, China's future roads will have environmental and economic benefits. By using advanced materials and renewable energy sources, these roads will be more sustainable and cost-effective in the long run. They will also help China to reduce its carbon footprint and combat climate change.
Finally, China's future roads are helping the country to become a leader in the field of transportation innovation. By building these advanced and sustainable roads, China is demonstrating its commitment to finding solutions to the challenges of the 21st century.
In conclusion, China's future roads are shaping the future of transportation and are having a positive impact on the country's development and global competitiveness. Thank you for watching, and we hope you have a better understanding of these amazing roads and their significance.
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Ski Slope in the Desert: The Future of Winter Sports! Trojena, Neom
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The Asian Winter Games are coming to Saudi Arabia in 2029!
The desert kingdom will be hosting the prestigious event and is building a state-of-the-art ski resort to host the games.
This is a major milestone for Saudi Arabia, as it continues to develop and modernize its sports and entertainment infrastructure.
The new ski resort will be located in the desert, but don't let that fool you. Thanks to the latest in snow-making technology, the slopes will be covered in snow and ready for the world's top athletes to compete.
In addition to the ski resort, Saudi Arabia is also building other world-class facilities to host the various events of the Asian Winter Games. This includes ice rinks for ice skating and ice hockey, as well as other sports venues.
The desert kingdom is pulling out all the stops to host the event. It’s going to be located in the heart of the Neom project and it is being built to host the skiing and snowboarding competitions, and other world-class facilities are being constructed to host the other events.
The Neom project is a massive, futuristic development that is being built in the desert of northwest Saudi Arabia. The ski resort will be a key part of this development, and it will be a one-of-a-kind destination for skiers and snowboarders.
The resort will feature a range of slopes for skiers and snowboarders of all abilities, from beginner to expert.
The Asian Winter Games are held every four years and feature a wide range of winter sports, including skiing, ice skating, ice hockey, and snowboarding. The event is a major showcase for the best winter athletes from across Asia, and Saudi Arabia is proud to be hosting it in 2029.
But the Asian Winter Games are not just about sports. They are also an opportunity for Saudi Arabia to showcase its culture and hospitality to the world. The country is known for its rich history and vibrant culture, and visitors to the Asian Winter Games will have the chance to experience this first-hand.
But the real highlight of the Asian Winter Games will be the new ski resort in the Neom project. Located in the heart of the desert, the resort will be a one-of-a-kind destination for skiers and snowboarders.
The resort will feature a range of slopes for all abilities, from beginner to expert. There will be plenty of challenging runs for experienced skiers and snowboarders, as well as gentle slopes for beginners and families.
In addition to the slopes, the resort will also have a range of other amenities, including restaurants, shops, and entertainment facilities. Visitors will be able to enjoy a range of activities, from skiing and snowboarding to ice skating and sledding.
The resort will also have a range of accommodations, from luxury hotels to more affordable options. Whether you are coming to Saudi Arabia for the Asian Winter Games or just to enjoy the slopes, the new ski resort in the Neom project will have something for everyone.
The people of Saudi Arabia are excited to welcome athletes and visitors from around the world to the Asian Winter Games. The country is known for its hospitality, and visitors can expect to be treated like royalty during their stay.
So mark your calendars for 2029 and get ready to experience the excitement of the Asian Winter Games in Saudi Arabia. The new ski resort in the Neom project will be a one-of-a-kind destination for skiers and snowboarders, and the whole country is looking forward to welcoming visitors from around the world.
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Credit:
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf2eC8aGVx4&ab_channel=NEOM
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiLIkkLXAvs&ab_channel=NEOM
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiyAzP9PotM&t=7s&ab_channel=NEOM
ali alarniri:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EV1NGdnCp3U&ab_channel=alialarini
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The $47 Billion Floating Tunnel Project, E39 Norway
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The Norwegian coastal highway, also known as the E39, is a major transportation project that aims to improve connectivity along the country's rugged coastline. One of the most innovative features of the highway is the use of floating tunnels, which will allow for the construction of roads in areas where traditional tunnels and bridges may not be feasible.
The construction of the E39 is being carried out by a consortium of Norwegian engineering firms, with support from the Norwegian government. The project is expected to cost around $47 billion, making it one of the largest infrastructure projects in the country's history.
The E39 project involves the construction of a new highway that will be approximately 11,000 kilometers in length. Currently, the journey along the route takes approximately 21 hours and includes seven ferry connections. The goal of the project is to create a new, improved road that will eliminate the need for ferries and reduce travel time to approximately 11 hours. The new route will be approximately 50 kilometers shorter than the current one.
The E39 highway project has been in the works for several years, and construction is currently underway in several parts of the country. This to connect the cities of Kristiansand in the south to Trondheim in the north.
One of the major challenges of the E39 project is the fact that much of the proposed route runs along Norway's rocky and heavily indented coastline. This rugged terrain makes it difficult to build traditional tunnels and bridges, which is where the idea of floating tunnels comes into play.
Floating tunnels are a relatively new concept in the world of transportation infrastructure. They are essentially large concrete tubes that are anchored to the seabed and float on the surface of the water. This allows them to move up and down with the tide, while still providing a stable and secure passage for vehicles.
The floating tunnels that will be used for the E39 project are being constructed at a specialized facility in the city of Bergen. The tubes are made of reinforced concrete and are designed to be both strong and flexible, allowing them to withstand the forces of the ocean and the weight of passing vehicles.
The floating tunnels will be a key component of the E39. Each tunnel will consist of a series of concrete pontoons that are connected together to form a continuous floating structure. The pontoons will be anchored to the seabed using a combination of cables and concrete anchors, and will be designed to rise and fall with the tide.
Once completed, the floating tunnels will be towed to their final destination and anchored to the seabed. The tunnels will be equipped with lighting, ventilation, and other necessary systems, making them fully functional roadways.
The use of floating tunnels for the E39 project has several benefits. In addition to allowing for the construction of roads in areas where traditional tunnels and bridges may not be feasible, floating tunnels are also more environmentally friendly than other options. They have a smaller footprint and cause less disruption to marine life, making them a more sustainable choice.
In conclusion, the E39 highway project is a major transportation initiative in Norway that aims to improve connectivity along the country's rugged coastline. One of the most innovative features of the project is the use of floating tunnels, which will allow for the construction of roads in areas where traditional tunnels and bridges may not be feasible. The floating tunnels are being constructed at a specialized facility in Bergen and will be towed to their final destination once completed. The use of floating tunnels for the E39 project has several benefits, including the ability to construct roads in difficult terrain and a smaller environmental footprint. The expected completion date is 2026 and expected cost at $47 billion.
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Credit:
Statens vegvesen:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HUwjiS_qzTA&ab_channel=Statensvegvesen
Statens vegvesen:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94ZpOWroNv0&list=PLS4EOEsXAbglDapZxujsRwIx4LiKvatqp&index=3&ab_channel=Statensvegvesen
Statens vegvesen:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trwd3AhJJB0&ab_channel=Statensvegvesen
Statens vegvesen:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fca9-7SnYX8&ab_channel=Statensvegvesen
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328
views
1
comment
The world's most expensive mega project: The International Space Station
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The International Space Station is the most expensive mega project in the world, with a price tag of over 150 billion dollars. In this video, we explore the incredible engineering and technology behind the International Space Station, and we learn about the important scientific research and exploration activities that are conducted on the station. We also take a closer look at the role of the International Space Station as a symbol of international cooperation and unity, and we consider the future of this incredible mega project. Join us as we journey to the International Space Station and discover the wonders of space exploration.
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Credit:
The New York Times:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xg9R4yykvqU&ab_channel=TheNewYorkTimes
Jared Owen:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLrOnEmy_GA&ab_channel=JaredOwen
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7
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Europe's Biggest Mega Project That You Haven't Heard Of The Fehmarnbelt Tunnel
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This is one of Europe’s largest construction sites. The Fehmarnbelt tunnel between Denmark and Germany, near the town of Rødbyhavn on the island of Lolland, will be the largest underwater construction in Europe.
This means that the new link will be the world’s longest immersed tunnel and the fastest route between Scandinavia and Central Europe.
The first step in the construction phase is the large-scale work harbour. It has been specially built to take delivery of the huge quantities of sand, cement, steel and gravel that are required to cast this enormous tunnel.
Behind the harbor they are building a tunnel factory with 6 production halls that will continuously cast the tunnel's 89 concrete sections.
The sections that make up the tunnel will be 217 m long and weigh over 73,000 tonnes. Two double-lane motorway tubes, two railway tubes and a service passage will be included in its construction.
The tunnel sections will be immersed in a 12 meter deep trench on the seabed that is dredged from sea level. In order to clear the seabed for the tunnel it will take 19 million cubic meters of soil, sand and stone which then can be transformed into new beaches and land around the tunnel.
The tunnel factory will be the world’s largest for concrete production. It is expected to provide jobs for thousands of people during construction and manufacturing. The project will also create a number of new jobs in the region, with companies providing raw materials to the site.
The finished tunnel will be assembled from 89 pieces that are cast over a skeleton made out of steel in large moulds. Once the concrete is set, the moulds will then be removed and the tunnel elements will be pushed forwards towards their respective location.
The construction of tunnel sections will be an around-the-clock operation that takes nine weeks to manufacture one section of the tunnel. It's sealed at both ends with bulkheads and the dry dock is flooded when the cement section is ready for transport.
The section is towed out into the deep end of the dock, after which the water level is lowered to sea level. Tugboats will tow the section in position in the Fehmarnbelt, and ballast tanks are filled with water. The section is then lowered on to the sea floor.
For the tunnel to be watertight, it must have all sections installed with millimetre precision. Once they are in place, the water is pumped out. This creates a partial vacuum and ensures a watertight connection.
Finally, once they’ve closed the tunnel off with stone, the stone will act as a protective layer, you're going to see a quick transformation after that as the current will cover the tunnel with sand.
Tunnel buildings are being constructed on Rødbyhavn, Lolland and Puttgarden in Germany to make travel smoother. Once the installation of the tunnel is complete, there will be a smooth transition between land and tunnel.
People will then be able to cross the Fehmarnbelt in seven minutes by train and 10 minutes by car - the world's largest immersed tunnel is estimated to be ready in 2029. Cost of this project is estimated between 7.3 billion euro and 10 billion euro.
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Credit:
FemernAS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Uop3nun7mM&ab_channel=FemernAS
FemernAS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdzqDM2xqAE&ab_channel=FemernAS
FemernAS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf7C5DiEVpA&ab_channel=FemernAS
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228
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Jeddah Tower The Tallest Tower That Never Was
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Along the Red Sea on the shores of the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah On the north side of this busy city, you'll find holiday resorts, sparsely built homes and large patches of sand. You'll also find a construction project unlike any other, one that has been put on hold since 2018. This planned tallest structure on Earth was abandoned in the hot Arabian Desert since then.
Once promising and ambitious, this project spiraled into a spectacular failure. Unsurprisingly, the future of this once record-breaking tower remains to be seen.
Mega projects like Dubai's Islands, which are meant purely to show off a nation's engineering prowess on the world stage, often have unforeseen obstacles along the way.
Many nations around the world are looking for opportunities to diversify their economies away from oil extraction. The Saudi Arabia just like the United Arab Emirates are no different in this regard. Alongside the saudi government's attempt to attract international companies, tourism was another huge focus in attracting investment. Dubai has been making waves since the Burj Khalifa was built and for many, it's put Dubai on the map. This made Saudi Arabia desire to have one of these mega structures of there own. The Burj Khalifa had been well underway in Dubai. So the Saudi-backed kingdom's company started developing their own idea of what it would be like to build a skyscraper tower of there own on land they selected in the city of Jeddah. The plot is over 5 square kilometers or 1300 acres all to build what they called the jeddah tower.
The Jeddah Economic City master-plan would cover everything from a luxury shopping district with its own thematic town, to commercial areas where companies could conduct their business. There would also be green space and water features to provide the best opportunities for people to live, work and play in a prosperous community. The main attraction out of this plan would be Kingdom Tower. The Kingdom Tower is the tallest building in the world and would be a symbol of our country's pride. Rather than disclosing specifics, company officials have said that it's estimated to go up 168 floors and reach 3,300 feet or 1053 meters in height. Let’s compare, the Statue of Liberty is 305 feet tall or 93 meters, while the Freedom Tower in New york city stands 1776 feet tall or 541 meters. The current world record holding structure, the Burj Khalifa, reaches 2 716.5 feet or 828 meters into the sky.
Kingdom Tower, with its sleek design and four Seasons hotel, would not only shatter the world record but also leave ample room for a commercial office space.
on the 157th floor, the developers originally proposed to include a helicopter pad in the tower. The only break in the tower's design is its sleek and tapering structure. This was later scrapped due to safety concerns at that height, but the cantilevered Edge remained on the drawing board. Now called The Sky Terrace, it would have been the tallest observation deck in the world. Kingdom Holdings hired famed architect Adrian Smith, who designed the Burj Khalifa, for the Kingdom tower project as far back as 2008. The developers assessed the soil conditions and expected the cost to be over 20 billion dollars when it's all said and done, adjusted for inflation, you'll end up with an additional $7 billion of cost. Keep in mind that the project was supposed to come in phases and the first was set to open in 2016. This was also being planned during the economic crisis which right from the start was slowing everything down. For many years, Kingdom Holdings fought and eventually achieved success in overcoming the economic recession. They were able to find strong partners who can help them with the mega project. the kingdom company anticipated breaking ground in 2011, it wouldn't actually be until April 2013 when the foundation work actually began on the Kingdom tower. A new completion date was set for 2018 after the building began to spring up from the ground in September 2014. by 2015, progress continued to be made floor by floor with the tower taking shape gradually. By this time, the Kingdom Tower had its name changed to Jeddah Tower to honor the city it was being built in. by November of 2015, the financing had been secured to finish the tower and everything was moving forward as planned. that was until 2017, when the problems began.
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39
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Where Do Billionaires Live? Billionaires Row, New York City
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New York is one of the biggest global cities in the world. Amongst its rich mix of neighborhoods, it has established a unique identity that is admired the world over.
Billionaires Row, with its breath-taking views, luxurious interiors and endless amenities, not to mention the eye-watering price tags, is only for those with a 10-figure bank balance. But how did this area come to be?
What made this particular district grow?
This is the story behind New York’s "Billionaire's Row". It's popularity and geographic restrictions have made it one of the planet's most densely populated areas.
Developers have been competing for space here for decades, balancing their needs to make a profit while also respecting the areas history.
Planning controls have helped to create more identities in different areas. But it also creates issues in regards to redevelopment, especially in residential areas.
With Manhattan's popularity constantly increasing and a high demand for luxury residences, developers are turning to more commercial areas in search of quality sites with enough space.
Situated to the immediate south-west of Central Park, the Midtown streets between Park Ave and Columbus Circle have long had an air of prestige. Home to iconic landmarks such as the Plaza Hotel, Russian Tea Room and Carnegie Hall.
The district naturally appeals to high-end residential developers. The area has been dubbed "Billionaire's Row" as a result of high end property developments.
Successfully completing One57 in 2014 was followed by the development of 432 Park Avenue in 2016 and 53 West 53rd Street, 111 West 57th Street and Central Park Tower afterwards.
These properties offer extreme luxury against the backdrop of Central Park's best views and in some of the city's most desirable neighborhoods. They are close to all sorts of specialty shops and local amenities.
You can also avoid making Manhattan's co-op agreements. When you make a co-op agreement, you're basically buying shares in a property in exchange for the exclusive use of one of its units.
these arrangements require people to share financial information, and those who are very rich often feel uncomfortable about doing that.
New development in this area is not easy. The city suffers from extreme over-development and many of the projects that developers started have been forced to innovate to find small plots of land.
Developers need to find ways to maximize the amount of floor space in order to make a profit. They often do this by designing buildings that sit up against the property’s height limit.
Developers can overcome the limits of their space by purchasing air rights from neighbouring properties and stacking these rights onto their site.
This approach is great for city planners. They are able to plan with the future in mind and be sure that developers stay within their property lines, which ensures that everyone has good views and light.
Building super-slender towers structures that are defined as having a width-to-height ratio greater than 1:7.
By using concrete instead of steel, engineers have been able to increase design flexibility and the overall strength of their structures.
In the case of 53W53 and the impressive 432 Park Avenue, they've done an amazing job of integrating the perimeter concrete structure into the overall aesthetic of the external facade.
With its high strength, the use of reinforced concrete enabled these super-slender towers to be built up to extreme height, but they were subject to further engineering in order to ensure their stability.
The 432 Park Ave. – with a height-to-length ratio of 1-to-15 – includes double floor cutouts at 12 floor intervals, which makes it possible for powerful winds to pass through and around its form.
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Credit:
Enes Yilmazer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vG5E5rgHpN4&ab_channel=EnesYilmazer
Enes Yilmazer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aENLA_LVcRY&ab_channel=EnesYilmazer
Erik Conover:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnII3WPAQBE&ab_channel=ErikConover
Erik Conover:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBIFgBFAwjA&ab_channel=ErikConover
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17
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Construction Have Finally Started! The Line, NEOM
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The controversial line is a linear city and part of Saudi Arabia's biggest project neom City. A recent video that surfaced on social media shows numerous excavators digging a wide linear trench in the vast desert in the northwest of the Arab Nation.
It’s anticipated that the city's 100 miles of trenches will be fully dug before construction can begin.
When this project was first announced back in 2017, the reactions to it were mixed. Some people were excited by the proposed flourishes like flying taxis and robot maids while other professionals questioned whether it will actually be feasible.
people were convinced this was just a utopian fantasy, with some saying the project would never get off the ground. Fast forward to today and the project is now underway.
Drone footage of the site shot at the initial stages of construction shows hundreds of trucks and machinery working in the desert, preparing for construction.
excavation work along the length of the project is underway, according to previously released renderings the line will be 170 kilometers long, 500 meters high and 200 meters wide.
The width of the trench being worked on in the video doesn't seem to match the proposed measurements.
the images released just a few months ago show the large Park areas, rivers and waterfalls inside this massive structure, along with sports complexes and commercial and residential spaces.
200 meters is roughly the size of two American football pitches and the trench seen in the Drone footage is much smaller than that. The actual size of the line would ideally be three times this small trench. therefore it's possible that this excavation was just preparatory work for the underground high-speed transport system planned to be built underneath the length of the city.
It’s been called the most dramatic project in architecture and construction at the moment. It’s designed to house 9 million people and it will rise higher than the Empire State Building, with a gigantic façade of elegant mirror-glass.
The city of the future will be powered entirely by renewable energy. It won't have any traditional transportation like cars or roads; instead, people will move around using high-speed elevated networks, combining artificial intelligence with a fully sustainable technology infrastructure. Right now the project only exists on a website and in the announcement made by Saudi Press Agency.
many design experts think the technology to make such a city doesn't exist yet.
according to proposals the line is designed as a series of unique communities and they will be organized in three dimensions of movement- up, down, or across. This idea is known as zero gravity urbanism. The three layers include a pedestrian level surface layer, best for parks and open spaces, a lower surface layer, and an underground transportation spine that would consist of ultra high speed transit.
The proposal suggests that all daily commute on the Transit would be walkable within 5 minutes of each transit node and will take no more than 20 minutes. Experts have said these goals are unfeasible.
to support this level of public transport the line would require larger nodes - and if there aren't enough people at every stop it would be impossible to sustain this infrastructure economically.
It is unclear whether such technology for the Line transit system exists yet. Traveling 100 miles in 20 minutes would require a speed of 318 miles per hour, which appears to outperform existing high-speed rail by quite a bit.
Eurostar trains in Europe can travel at around 199 miles per hour, according to reports. China's High-Speed Rail trains have also been clocked at 236 miles per hour - now theoretically, the hyperloop technology being developed by Elon Musk could manage the journey if it was completed.
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Credit:
Billion Dollar Builds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBnVJjbP-ms&ab_channel=BillionDollarBuilds
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4ox214YLvw&ab_channel=NEOM
Dezeen:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfiWYKTgRxI&ab_channel=Dezeen
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4ox214YLvw&ab_channel=NEOM
NEOM:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0kz5vEqdaSc&ab_channel=NEOM
aramco: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhthHC0s38A&ab_channel=aramco
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Any copyright infringement claims arising from the use of these videos are not intentional. If you are/represent the copyright owner of materials used in this video and have a problem with their use, please send me an email. luxuryprojects11@gmail.com, and we can fix it.
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117
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The Longest Tunnel In The World, Why Was It Built?
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The Gotthard Base Tunnel is a railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland. It opened on 1 June 2016 and full service began on 11 December 2016 with a total length of 57.09 kilometres (35.5 miles). It is the world's longest railway tunnel and the deepest traffic tunnel in the world. The Gotthard region is found to be at the heart of the Gotthard axis, and it's now home to 3 tunnels - including the famous Gotthard Tunnel and the Gotthard Road Tunnel.
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66
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What Is The Most Visited Airport In The World? HARTSFIELD JACKSON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
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Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the main international airport serving Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The airport is located 7 miles south of Downtown Atlanta. It was built in 1953 and is named after former Maynard Jackson and William B. Hartsfield. ATL Hartsfield-Jackson covers 4,700 acres (1,902ha) and has five parallel runways. It's been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic since 1998. However, in 2020 it was dethroned due to the effects of COVID-19 pandemic but it’s back on top since 2021.
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13
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The Tallest Bridge In The World, The Millau Viaduct In France
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The Millau Viaduct is a massive looking cable-stayed bridge situated on the West side of Millau in Southern France. It was completed in 2004 and spans across a gorge valley to allow vehicles to drive. The design team for the Shanghai Tower was led by Michel Virlogeux and Norman Foster. It’s the tallest bridge in the world, at 336.4 metres (1,104 ft) tall.
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7
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Dubai's 2040 Master Plan
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Dubai wants to become one of the world's most livable cities by 2040. The only problem right now is that it's a bit of a mess.
Highways cut through neighborhoods there's not much public transportation.
mega projects are disconnected from critical infrastructure
while man-made islands are sinking
Many of the cities harshest critics say that it is just a series of pretty postcard attractions connected by highways.
To sort out this issue, there is a new plan to properly urbanize this desert city by 2040. The only problem is whether it's possible to fix Dubai.
The question everyone is asking right now is "What will Dubai look like in 2040?"
It's getting to be pretty familiar sight in Dubai with leaders gathering for announcements of another amazing project. The Burj Khalifa getting lit up with dazzling LEDs and fireworks. The media is being flooded with glossy renderings and positive affirmations about the people-centric urban plans.
This project is very different from the ones before. It might not be the tallest building or equate to something world-changing. But, a new idea could fundamentally change Dubai for the better.
The 2040 master plan will see three existing areas redeveloped into new city centers
two completely new city-centres and brand-new finance and technology districts to boost innovation and invention.
Eight million square meters of green corridors and pedestrian/cyclist pathways will be planned costing estimated $680 million. The goal is to make a neighborhood into an attractive place with its own mini-city feel. As they're centrally located, it will be easy to access them and have lots of options nearby. Within close proximity, residents will have their own commercial center and recreational space.
It will all come together with a new public transport network. It's going to be within 800 metres of half the population.
The people will never be more than about half a mile away from the nearest public transit hub, which would effectively make the entire city walkable.
to improve critical education and healthcare facilities, the infrastructure will expand by 25%. 60% of The Emirates will be providing a safeguard for nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries. this is a seriously impressive contribution to improving the quality of life for human beings.
when you think about it, it makes sense that all functioning international cities would have public transport, green spaces and financial hubs. Yes, Dubai is different. It was never really built for those things.
Dubai is well-positioned in the world and it's natural that it would make a great aviation center. With European, Asian and African airlines all nearby, Dubai International quickly became one of the busiest international airport in the world.
The government has had to find a new source of income without high taxes and diminishing oil supplies. They quickly discovered, however, that tourism can be an attractive prospect. The country can draw in tourist with their incredible mega projects.
And this is where Dubai's build it and they will come idea originated from.
There are a lot of reasons in favour of the 2040 plan and one can see why it is so crucial. Furthermore, Dubai's population is set to exceed that of Singapore by 2040, which only reinforces the plan's importance. Nevertheless, one can't help but worry if it will indeed be enough to reach the city’s goal.
for the 2040 plan to work, the city will need to acknowledge and accept that dedicated green space actually helps make a much better quality of life for the citizens. The benefits of the green spaces are instrumental in making the plan work. As long as there is an almost complete change in thinking, then this can be achieved.
With the success of Dubai's current strategy, it is incredibly tough for them to shift.
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Credit:
Dubai 2040:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIITcD5xQEU&ab_channel=Dubai2040
World Walker:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbIDerj-3Gs&ab_channel=WorldWalker
DIFC:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iv0qqkkw7mI&ab_channel=DIFC
World Government Summit:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UanChmpAgw&ab_channel=WorldGovernmentSummit
CNBC International TV:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYf1J_L5-PY&ab_channel=CNBCInternationalTV
Dubai Film:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8n2o3Qx504&ab_channel=DubaiFilm
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Any copyright infringement claims arising from the use of these videos are not intentional. If you are/represent the copyright owner of materials used in this video and have a problem with their use, please send me an email. luxuryprojects11@gmail.com, and we can fix it.
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72
views
The Tallest Tower in Japan
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The Tokyo Skytree is a broadcast and communications tower in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan. It was completed on March 22, 2012, making it the tallest freestanding structure in the world and one of the tallest man-made structures ever at 634 meters (2,080 feet) including its antenna.
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Any copyright infringement claims arising from the use of these videos are not intentional. If you are/represent the copyright owner of materials used in this video and have a problem with their use, please send me an email. luxuryprojects11@gmail.com, and we can fix it.
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4
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What Happened To The Harmon Hotel, Las Vegas?
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The Harmon Hotel
Las Vegas' CityCenter is an urban complex in the middle of the Strip. The advertising has always been appealing to high-end customers, which include residential condos, a retail mall, and all of the conveniences required for an advanced standard of living.
The Harmon Hotel will be 137 meters tall. It includes a roof pool which offers an unmatched view of the Strip. The construction started with these plans in 2007 and is estimated to cost $275 million dollars, but it's only half built when it halted construction.
In 2008, they found that steel reinforcements meant to stabilize the building were installed incorrectly, so construction was halted on the 28th floor. This is why it's important to have inspections before signing off on projects. Condominiums were removed from the plans, which meant that refunds had to be given to those who have already made purchases.
MGM, the owners of The Harmon, wrapped the building in reflective glass and sold it as advertisement space. In 2011, reports surfaced that the Harmon would not survive an earthquake, and would collapse due to structural problems if there ever was one. In response to the incident, MGM announced they would be demolishing the building. They did so because of its proximity to other buildings and in a bid to minimize collateral damage. The only downside is that it took a lot more time since they had to dismantle the tower floor by floor rather than just following the usual process of implosion. The process of dismantling The Harmon resort started in June of 2014 and was completed in the latter part of 2015. The tally for this project is reportedly $170 million, with an additional $450 million spent on the construction. Due to extreme structural issues, it was never opened to the public and took almost a year to be dismantled.
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29
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Why Was The Oakland Bay Bridge So Expensive?
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The San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
More than 27 million cars travel from Yerba Buena Island to Oakland every year. These vehicles are travelling over 3.5km of water because the San Francisco Bay Bridge is 10 lanes wide, which means it can't be neglected. But not all is good news - in 1989 an earthquake caused a lot of problems.
The 6.9 quake that hit San Francisco in 1989 severely damaged the Bay Bridge at the time, so officials had to address structural concerns and make it safe again. Officials considered repairing the bridge but decided that it would be expensive and opted to hold a design contest instead.
The new design took ten years to agree on. They planned to replace the eastern span with a self-anchored suspension bridge, which a panel agreed looked better.
The complexity of this type of bridge proved to be a money sink. The stability rods often broke, meaning they had to spend more on either repairing or refabricating them. They decided to go with guard rails instead of barriers but these would corrode over time. There were a few problems with the construction - the deck was slightly misaligned, which meant it had a higher chance of collapsing during an earthquake. The welding quality also needed work, so we conducted an investigation and undertook some expensive repairs
The Bay Bridge’s eastern span took 11 years to build and it is the most expensive infrastructure project in California so far, but the new high speed train might be more costly.
Total costs of the bridge are unknown but estimates for 2019 are at around 7 billion dollars. This is an increase of over 7 times the original bid of just under 1 billion dollars.
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How Could This Train Tunnel Take 23 Years To Finnish? The Hallandsås Tunnel, Sweden
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Hallandsås Rail Tunnel
In 1975, the West Coast line in Sweden was having a lot of problems due to increasing traffic. Work began on expanding the rail system so that more train cars could travel safely along it.
The Hallandsås railway upgrade is one of the most important parts of this project. It, along with the new Halmstad- linking road are supposed to make life easier for commuters travelling between Gothenburg & Copenhagen. the coming of trains that could cross the strait with both directions helped initiate the construction of Hallandsås Tunnel in 1992 with plans to open 3 years later. However, problems started almost immediately.
Groundwater started seeping from the rock as soon as construction began, and in greater volumes than expected. The rock was too soft to allow for drilling equipment or even the first drill they tried to use. However, the original drillers led to more water leaks. These issues bankrupted the company and caused them to hand the project off. It has been reported that poisonous sealing compound was used during construction without any safety precautions taken. This led to livestock and fish in the area dying, as well as workers on the project getting sick.
The company faced criminal charges for these issues and construction was halted again in 1997. Up to that point, only about 3km of the 8km tunnel had been drilled. Eight years later, construction began once more.
The construction of Hallandsås Tunnel was completed in 2015 - 23 years after the project was initiated. New drilling practices and machines meant this part of the work went faster than before, but bedrock quality slowed things down in certain areas. The Swedish government predicted that the project would cost about $1 billion, yet by the time it was finished, the total cost was far from what was originally projected - it ended up being closer to $10.5 billion. Which is ten times the budget.
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Credit:
TimelyTrains:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIhay4jk3F0&ab_channel=TimelyTrains
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Is Nuclear Power Easy To Build? Olkiluoto 3, Finland
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Olkiluoto 3 Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear power has been widely used in around 30 countries and about 30% of Finland’s electricity comes from nuclear sources. In 2005, the Finnish government decreed that they should be using more nuclear power.
If they wanted to reduce coal use, they needed to build more nuclear reactors. Plans included adding a new, very efficient third unit to the Olkiluoto Nuclear Plant in Eurajoki that would increase Finland's nuclear power production by nearly 60%.
The first two blocks of this reactor were built in the 1980s and functioned as planned, while construction on the third block began in 2005. This is an example of a trend we can see happening all over: western countries building nuclear reactors again after a 15-year hiatus.
From the start, the project was faced with sheer delays in construction. "TVO" which owns Olkiluoto power plant promised that the new reactor would open in 2010, but it is still under construction today. Early on, the project ran into a lot of logistic issues. There were disagreements over how to get the nuclear components to the site, there were also supply chain issues and delays that have held up progress for over 12 years and around $8 billion. The buildings have been done for quite a while but there is still some work left to be completed on the nuclear components.
There are few experts left in the nuclear infrastructure sector, which effectively put the brakes on reactor construction. In an industry with no professional guidance or new innovations to push innovation, business has been stalling for some time.
In addition to this, contractors weren't prepared for the strict standards required in order to build a safe nuclear reactor. This is because the concrete foundation was found to be irregular shortly before it was finished, meaning that it had to be redone. It has been discovered that contractors were forging metal parts of the reactors in a less than ideal way, and welders on the project weren't given instructions about proper welding before construction commenced.
Planning for this project has been a challenge due to the amount of administrative concerns with nuclear plants. It has taken years to sort out all of the documentation and licensing, but TVO has finally promised that Olkiluoto 3 will soon be open for regular power generation. Initially, the project cost was around $3 billion dollars and has been increasing yearly. Due to the delays & difficulties, the total project is now estimated to cost $11 billion dollars, nearly 4 times the original price.
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Dubai's Islands Are In Trouble If This Is Correct
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Dubai Islands
The world's largest artificial islands is in Dubai. This cluster of islands should attract tourists from all over the world. Dubai has always had big designs for its coastlines, which is why the first of these island projects the Palm Jumeirah started it’s construction in 2001.
Motivated by the rapid progress, new ambitious plans were created. It wasn't long before construction of the Palm Jebel Ali and The World started in Dubai. Even though these islands are still unfinished and almost empty today, they represent Dubai's rapid growth after the discovery of oil in 1966. One such example is the construction of the Palm Deira, an island 10x the size of the Palm Jumeirah. It too, however, failed and was later scaled down. This was especially true after 2008 when financing these lofty projects became hard to come by after the finacial crisis.
But while many of Dubai's island projects are still struggling to get funding, the only fully completed project, the Palm Jumeirah, could face some major problems in the near future. Various sources claim that the Palm Jumeirah is sinking at a rate of 0.5 centimetres per year.
Developers claimed the islands weren't eroded, but two years later a business called Penguin Marine provided evidence that proved otherwise. Scientists say that even if this is not true, the biggest problem will be the rising sea levels.
The IPCC predicts that the sea level will rise by 25-200cm by the end of this century, depending on if the climate stays stable or not. This could lead to flooding in low lying areas. Even if the rise in sea levels isn't likely to completely flood the country for years to come, more costly measures are still needed to maintain it and fight against the water.
Considering the number of failed island projects in Dubai and the immense challenges that Pebble Jumeirah will face in the future, these projects are not exactly a success.
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