Maiorianus

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com Now it is finally time to explore one of the most unknown sacks of Rome: Ricimer's sack of the city in 472 AD, where he and his barbarian soldiers besieged the city for six months, finally capturing it, with severe and violent fighting in the streets of Rome. So why is this sack so unknown, how could it have come to this disaster, and most importantly: What were its consequences for the population and for the city of Rome itself?

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com Many people argue that the Fall of Rome was the best thing that could happen to humanity, but that is again applying unfair hindsight. Basically, because we now live in a much better time, have a high living standard and much more advanced technology as compared to ancient times, thus the Fall of Rome must have been very good. Fact is, we have no idea what would have happened, had the Roman Empire not fallen, how it might have changed, and what technological innovations might have happened down the road. And initially, the Fall of Rome was devastating for Europe. The Roman trade network collapsed, living standards dropped dramatically across Europe, in some areas sooner, in others later, but drop a lot they did. And it would take a 1000 years to get anywhere close to the living standards and technology that was common during the era of the Roman Empire. So yes, in the end the Fall of Rome was good for humanity, but the price we had to pay, a 1000 years of suffering, was quite high, and we really don't know how the world would look if the Roman Empire had not fallen. It is in my opinion thus a bit unfair to say that the Fall of Rome was the best thing that could happen to humanity.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com There are many reasons for the Fall of Rome, but one that pops up time and again, is that Christianity was responsible for the Fall of Rome. But is that true? Well we can certainly attest that the rise of Christianity came at the worst possible time, in the 4th century AD, in a time when the Roman Empire faced aggressive incursions by many different germanic tribes. Unfortunately, Christianity often clashed with the old religion of the Roman Empire, classical greco-roman paganism, and this often led to many violent outbursts across the empire. This created a polarization of society, where instead of unifying against the foreign invaders, the Romans were pre-occupied with religious wars. But it is true that Christianity was quite intolerant and many old monuments of antiquity were destroyed by early christian fanatics. Yet, we have to fairly say that Christianity did not lead to a reduction of martial vigor, because the later Eastern Roman Empire was fully christianized and they showed an incredibly high martial vigor at times, as attested by the incredible victories of Flavius Belisarius or Basil II. So while Christianity did indeed indirectly weaken the Roman Empire by polarizing society, we cannot fully attribute the Fall of Rome to Christianity alone.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com The Romans are often unfairly accused of just copying others' inventions, but nothing could be further from the truth, as the impressive invention of Roman concrete demonstrates. Now why was this concrete so superior? Well, because of its extreme durability. The largest concrete dome on the planet is still the one of the Pantheon, built around 1900 years ago, having survived countless earthquakes. In fact roman concrete is much more durable than modern concrete, and can withstand water erosion much better. We can still find impressive remnants of roman underwater concrete construction in Caesarea Maritima, or in Baia, where it has withstood water erosion for 2000 years. Compare that to modern concrete, that can't even withstand seawater for 50 years. That's why more and more concrete companies are trying to imitate roman concrete. The reason why roman concrete is so superior, is that the Romans used an additional ingredient, namely pozzolanic ash, a volcanic ash, which prevents cracks from spreading in the concrete, thus rendering it very resilient to erosion of any kind.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com It is commonly taught in school that the western roman empire fell in 476 AD, a notion that as we saw in previous videos, does not make a lot of sense. But the eastern roman empire was still very vital after 476 AD, and in this video we are going to explore the events that unfolded some 60 years after the fall of the western empire, when a new ambitious emperor rose to power, who wanted to restore the glory of Rome, and take back the lost western provinces from the Barbarians with the help of one of the greatest generals in the history of mankind. Thus the time had come for the roman empire to strike back.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com The Romans were master engineers, and this was especially visible in the incredible engineering of their aqueducts. The Aqua Claudia for example, completed under Emperor Claudius, supplied Rome with 192000 cubic meters of fresh water per day, brought to the city from a distance of 69 kilometers. At its highest point, this imposing aqueduct, rose to an incredible 37 meters above ground, near the Palatine Hill. But aqueduct constructions in other parts of the empire were even more insane. The aqueduct supplying the city of Decapolis with water had a section 106 kilometers long, dug through a mountain. This is the longest known tunnel of antiquity. To make it even crazier, the tunnel has an inclination of only 1 meter per 5 kilometers. Even today, this would be a challenging feat, and modern measuring equipment would be needed to construct a tunnel with such an extremely low inclination. Or the 50 kilometer length aqueduct that supplied Nemausus, modern day Nimes with water. This aqueduct's average gradient was also extremely low with 1 in 3000, something that would pose a real engineering challenge even today!

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com One of the main goals of this channel here is, to shed some light on the extreme complexity of the Fall of the Roman Empire, and to debunk some common misconceptions associated with it. And a common misconception that I often hear or read is, that Rome had ceased to be the capital of the western roman empire, and that first Mediolanum, and later Ravenna would become the capital of the western roman empire, starting from the late 3rd century onwards. I am going to argue in this video, that this is not entirely true, and we shall see that in fact especially in the last decades of the western empire, Rome would once again be not only the symbolic capital, but also the real imperial seat of the western emperors.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com A question that no doubt any fan of late Roman history has been thinking about, who at the same time is interested in urban history and architecture, is: Which city was more impressive during its prime: Rome or Constantinople? The old Rome, the cradle of the Roman empire, where the whole story started, or the New Rome, Nova Roma, the city of Constantine, Constantinople, formerly known as Byzantium? In this video, we are going to try to answer that question, and even though this is a highly subjective topic, we are still going to try to quantify certain aspects of those two impressive cities, in order to find out which city must have been more impressive during their primes: The old Rome, or the new Rome? So then, let this epic showdown of the two most impressive cities of the roman empire begin!

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com Many scholars use the term Byzantine Empire for the Eastern Roman Empire, but hilariously, this is a term that was coined in the 16th century in western Europe, a hundred years after the Fall of Constantinople, by a scholar with the name of Hieronymus Wolf. He was the one to first introduce the term Byzantine Empire, but the Eastern Romans did not even know this term. They always saw themselves as Romans, in greek Romaioi. The Western European kingdoms however wanted to de-legitimize the Eastern Romans as not being the true successors of the Roman Empire, and so this term was used as a derogatory term to degrade the Eastern Romans to mere Greeks, and to bolster their own claims to the succession of Rome. So if you would travel back in time to 1000 AD and call the Eastern Romans Byzantines, you would likely end beaten up in a back-alley of Constantinople. Thus, I personally try to avoid the term Byzantine Empire or Byzantine the best I can, and I am quite surprised to find many scholars adapting this derogatory term so willingly. I want to call the people of the Eastern Roman Empire what they truly were, namely Romans, and not use a made up term by a biased 16th century historian.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you. 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com One of the most counter-intuitive reasons for the Fall of Rome was, that the army of the roman empire was just too damn large. What you say, that doesn't make any sense? Well, because the army was so large and expensive, some modern historians estimate that up to 70% of the total state revenue had to be spent to upkeep and pay the around half a million professional soldiers of the Roman Legions and auxiliaries. This worked well for a while, but as soon as major calamities befell the empire, such as plagues or barbarian invasions, the state revenue consequently fell, yet the army still had to receive pay, else the legions were very quick to rebel. So to counteract this, starting already in the second half of the 2nd century AD, the Roman Emperors started to debase the currency by using less and less silver or gold in the coins, thus creating huge inflation, which led to huge economic problems, which of course exacerbated the problems, a vicious cycle. Thus, counter-intuitively, because the roman army was just so massive, this would create huge economic problems that would ultimately contribute to the Fall of Rome. The irony of history.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com 📚 My favorite novel about the late Roman Empire, "Julian" by Gore Vidal: https://amzn.to/3mZwOdJ 📚 BEST BOOKS ON ROMAN HISTORY: 📚 1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd 2. "Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308" by Richard Krautheimer https://amzn.to/3yyChgp 3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period. 📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg 🎦 FILMING EQUIPMENT WE USE: 🎦 Webcam: https://amzn.to/3yFSFvu Microphone: https://amzn.to/3e2ZFsW What would you have seen, if you could travel back in time to the splendorous city of Constantinople during its peak in 540 AD? What grandiose monuments would you have seen, what wonders could you have witnessed? Let us thus explore this fascinating, maginificent city of Constantine, that would continue the legacy of Rome for a thousand more years, after the light of Rome had been extinguished in the west. Disclosures: Some links in the description are affiliate links which means that if you purchase something by clicking on one of them, your host Sebastian will receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. In this way you will be supporting the channel to improve the video production quality at no extra cost to you.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com How did the Romans store their food without any modern appliances such as refrigerators? Well, for one they used preservatives. Salted meat for example could be stored much longer, but honey was sometimes also used which had a similar effect. Another technique was smoking the meat, thus producing sausages, bacon and ham, which could also be stored much longer. But also pickling in vinegar was already known, and fruits were also dried, which allowed to store foodstuffs at room temperature for much longer periods of time. Grain and cereals were stored in silos and could be thus kept for weeks before grinding them to flour. Storage containers used to store food were barrels, amphorae and clay pots, but also warehouses or silos for larger amounts. Wealthier families could afford storage cellars, where the natural coolness of the earth allowed to store wine or foods even in the heat of summer. In winter, local snow was used for cooling, and in summer, in areas where there were mountains nearby, the romans even collected snow and ice from higher up, brought it down with donkeys or camels, and used the ice and snow in their cooled cellars to store even regular food for quite long periods of time.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com For how many years did roman history last? What at first appears to be a quite simple question, as we all know that Rome supposedly fell in 476 AD, we shall hopefully find out during the course of this video, that this question requires a much more elaborate answer than would be commonly believed. So let us then find out over how many years Roman history lasted, from its very beginnings during the founding of the city of Rome, until the very end of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com It is often wrongly claimed that after Constantine legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire and after Theodosius then made Christianity the official religion of the Empire in 380 AD, that Paganism quickly vanished. But that is not true, because according to Damascius, even Anthemius, one of the last Western Roman Emperors, who reigned from 467 to 472 AD, contemplated to revive Paganism in Rome, and possibly planned to reopen the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill. Many contemporaries of the later fifth century were still Pagans, such as the Magister Militum Marcellinus, or Flavius Orestes, the father of the last Western Roman Emperor. But even under Justinian, there must still have been many Pagans, because there were widespread anti Pagan persecutions during his reign. But even then Paganism wasn't extinct, because during the later reign of Basil I, a group of Pagans was discovered near the ancient site of Olympia, in the late 9th century, so we can assume that small pockets of Paganism still persisted until the 10th or even 11th centuries, which is remarkable, considering how persecuted Pagans were since the times of Theodosius.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com What would you have seen in Rome in 476 AD? This is a question that I have tried to answer in the second video ever on this channel, but apparently this answer has not been precise enough, and therefore I decided to make a follow-up video, where I will attempt to shed more light on this quite difficult question, as to what we would have seen in the city of Rome in that fateful year of 476 AD.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com With the Western Roman Empire falling in the late 5th century AD, we might be inclined to believe that the late roman army was weak, ineffective, undisciplined and degenerate. In reality however, the late roman army is absolutely underrated. Ironically, the Western Roman Empire did not fall because the late roman army was ineffective, far from it, in fact until the very end, the Romans won impressive victories against the Barbarians, time and time again. The early legions and auxiliaries that we know of became the Comitatenses and Limitanei in the 3rd century AD, and they were actually really good at dealing with threats. Their gear changed as compared to the early legions, and cavalry was now much more emphasized. But until the bitter end, these legions won major battles, and as we so often analyzed, the West fell mostly because of the devastating civil wars, where entire legions were annihilated and never replenished, such as for example happened in the disastrous battle of the Frigidus River of 394 AD, where possibly up to a third of the Western Roman Legions died and were never replenished, thus severely weakening the Western Roman Empire.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com One opinion, that seems to be quite popular, is, that the Fall of the Roman Empire was the best thing that could happen to humanity, because the last years of the empire were such a disaster, and that after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, life in the new Barbarian kingdoms was just so much better than during the times of the Imperium Romanum. Well opinions are opinions, but what does archeology actually say to this? Is there hard evidence that supports that theory, or is this just one of these modern revisionistic theories, that have a wildly inaccurate view of the past?

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com Naively, we would think that the roman legions fell together with the Western Roman Empire, but the Eastern Roman Empire survived far longer. Consequently, we shouldn't be surprised to find that Roman legions survived the Fall of the Western Empire. And one such legion is the Legio V Macedonica. It was first levied in 43 BC by Octavian himself and Gaius Caetronianus in the province of Macedonia. Throughout the centuries, the legion participated in many battles, in the 1st century AD in the jewish revolt, in the 2nd century against the Dacians, the Partians and against the Marcommani. In the late 3rd century, the legion became a comitatenses unit under the Magister Militum per Orientis. It fought against the Sassanians in 296. In the early 5th century, the legion was stationed in Dacia Ripensis. The last mention of the legion is from 635 or 636 AD in Egypt, so very shortly before the invasion of Egypt by the Arabs. It might very well be, that this last known roman legion, died fighting the Arab invasion, after 680 years of continual existence, making it the longest lived roman legion, and the last roman legion that we know of.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com One of the most puzzling questions regarding the Fall of Rome is, why did the Western Roman Empire fall, but the Eastern Empire survive much longer? Was the Eastern Roman Empire just better, more successful, while the West was weak and degenerate? I hope I will be able to show that the reasons for the survival of the East are not due to higher virtue and competence, but due to other, quite unexpected factors.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com What if I told you that the late roman outfits from say the fourth century AD and later, had changed dramatically as compared to the early roman dresses, and that you wouldn't even recognize a late roman outfit as roman. The toga was never particularly popular, because it was too complicated to wear, and at some point its use was restricted to senators. But it was worn by roman senators until the very end of the Roman Senate in the late sixth century AD. In military circles, the Chlamys would become the mainstream garment, sometimes a hat would be added, the pileus pannonicus, a hat that in some balkan countries is still worn even today in quite similar fashion. The Paenula, which had first only been worn by people of low social rank, had by the 3rd century AD become mainstream, and had been adopted as an everyday dress especially by the higher ranking Romans. Tunics were still worn, but the styling had also changed a lot by the fifth century, and it would change again in the later eastern roman empire, so that at some point, you would not recognize a roman as what we would naively imagine a roman to look like.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com There are many theories on why the Roman Empire fell, and I have made two videos myself on this channel, presenting a total of 23 reasons why Rome fell, so everybody can choose his or her favorite theories. But there are some people who claim that Rome actually never fell. Wait, what? How can this be? Didn't we discuss in previous videos that Rome did fall, not only the city, but the whole empire, and that this fall was quite brutal? How then can some people make such a claim? Well, let us explore this fascinating idea, that Rome has actually never fallen.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com We think that only we in our modern times can have a significant impact on large landscapes with huge mining operations, but the romans prove us wrong. In the spanish region of Leon lies an unusual landscape called "Las Medulas". What is so special about this landscape, is that it is man made. The romans had mined gold here on such a vast scale, as to make entire mountains disappear, and what is left now, has thus this strange shape. For around 250 years they washed out huge quantities of earth from these mountains using hydraulic power. It is estimated that forty million cubic meters of earth were removed from the central zone of the mountain range, alone. What we can see on this picture is only a small part of what once were the original Medulla mountains. A mountain containing 200 billion cubic meters of material disappeared completely. This resulted in at least 1 million kilograms of gold that was mined here in its 250 years of activity. It is remarkable that an ancient civilization already had such a huge impact on landscapes, something that had been thought to be a purely modern day phenomenon.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com Now it is finally time to dedicate a video to an emperor that I like and hate at the same time. Seldomly have I been so conflicted about a historical character, than I have been about the famous emperor Constantine. But why am I so conflicted? After all he was Constantine the Great, the emperor who gave way to Christianity, the emperor who founded Constantinople, the emperor who would lay the foundation for a 1000 year lasting Christian empire. Why then do I still hesitate to call him the great, and why then do I still resent him in some ways?

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com One of the most incredible technological achievements of the Roman Empire was the roman road network. This interconnected structure of roads was vital for the Empire's economical and military edge over the other empires or kingdoms of those days. During the peak of the Imperium Romanum, 372 great roads connected all provinces, comprising more than 400,000 km of roads, of which 80500km were stone paved. 29 great military highways branched out from Rome to all directions of the empire, ensuring fast military movement and quick reaction times to enemy threats at the borders. The paved roads were built in layers, with polygonal stones as the uppermost layer, and they were built to last, the paved sections still survive in many places to this day, and many modern roads actually follow old roman roads. There were even postal services, which allowed people of those days to send letters with a speed of up to 100 kilometers per day. Every 25 to 30km there were wayposts and even Mansiones, which would be similar in function to modern day motels, where travellers could stay overnight on their long journeys through the Empire.

🔴 YOU WANT TO SUPPORT THIS CHANNEL? 🔴 🤗 Join our Patreon community: https://www.patreon.com/Maiorianus 🤗 One-Time Donation? - PayPal: https://paypal.me/Maiorianus - Bitcoin: bc1qv4lsfsplvfecrrgvmfclhga28we7mvh9563xdj 🔗 Share the video with anyone who might be interested (it helps a ton!) 👍 Subscribe to our videos FOR FREE! 📬 Contact us: maiorianus.sebastian@gmail.com Before we can explore the life of Majorian and his epic deeds, I would first like to explore another important character, whom I deem together with Majorian, the last good emperor of the Western Roman Empire: Procopius Anthemius. He is much less known than Majorian, and even Majorian is much less known than he would deserve. So therefore we must also take a look at the deeds of Anthemius, this quite unrightfully obscure Western Roman Emperor, who was sent by the east in the darkest hour, to restore the glory of Rome.