Geodiode - Exploring Our World Through Video

Thousands of miles of emptiness. Nothing but blue, grey, green and white. Giant waves, shrieking gales, water so cold. This is what millions of people in history had to cross in order to begin new lives. Witnessing the greatest migration of peoples in history as well as the longest and most bitterly fought of all naval battles it connects two hitherto unknown continents. There is perhaps no stretch of water quite as forbidding, no stretch so important to human history as this one. This is the story of the North Atlantic. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉1:40 The North Atlantic in Antiquity 👉4:18 The Vikings and the North Atlantic 👉6:49 Columbus, Early European Discoveries 👉9:17 Devastation of First Americans / African Slavery 👉10:53 Early European Settlers 👉11:47 The Greatest Migration in Human History 👉13:10 Wooden Sailing Ships to Ocean Liners 👉15:13 The Sinking of the Titanic 👉16:06 World War I 👉17:59 World War II: The Battle of the Atlantic 👉20:57 Transatlantic Aviation 👉23:23 Outro and Credits 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/ig/north-atlantic#credits Titanic Honor and Glory Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCX99blR1pC2290NcBa_FsPA Heathrow Airport Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UC9_s2UuHiIxnoIZLUWH_x1g NATS UK Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@UCzw0RDbr4VvBOCq3KzfIuWQ Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share,🔴 Subscribe and JOIN! Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson Opening Titles Music: Modern Classic by Cyril Nikitin You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

🇲🇹 Malta - the island fortress at the heart of the Mediterranean. It has witnessed occupation by so many of history's great empires. And yet today it stands, finally as an independent nation in the modern world. In this history and geography documentary I take a close look at the events in Malta's past that shaped the nation of today, Malta's geography, its economy and cultural impact around the world. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Intro and Titles 👉1:44 Overview of Malta 👉2:56 Ancient History of Malta 👉4:47 Medieval and Renaissance History of Malta 👉6:21 Modern History of Malta 👉10:08 State Structure and Symbols of Malta 👉11:30 Physical Geography of Malta 👉13:22 Human Geography of Malta 👉14:48 Economy of Malta 👉16:02 Culture of Malta 👉18:22 Summary and Outro 🇲🇹 Malta has been ruled by Phoenicians, Carthage, the Romans, the Vandals, the Arabs, various European dynasties and the British. But the most notable were the Knights Hospitaller, who were gifted the islands in the 16th century. Under the Knights of Malta (as they became known) they repulsed the Ottomans at the Siege of Malta under their Grand Master Jean Parisot de Valette, who the capital Valletta was later named after. After the Napoleonic Wars Britain gained control of Malta and held it for the allies despite six years of bombing by the surrounding Axis powers in World War II (WW2). After thousands of years of foreign domination, the Maltese people finally became self-governing when Malta became Independent in 1964. 🇲🇹 The geography of Malta consists of three main islands - Malta, Gozo and Comini. Sitting within the Mediterranean climate of hot, dry summers and mild wet winters, and with 3000+ hours of sunshine per year, Malta's economy is boosted by millions of tourists, here to visit the unique historical sites and architecture, as well as many fine beaches and cliff-dominated coastal views. 🇲🇹 Maltese culture is influenced mostly by European dominance in history, although the Semitic Maltese language is a Middle Eastern hangover from the time it was occupied by the Arabs. The Maltese Cross, though not native to Malta, bears its name through its long association of the Knights of Malta, who would wear the Maltese Cross into battle. - - - - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/malta#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share, JOIN and 🔴 Subscribe. Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

🇳🇿 New Zealand is the most remote developed nation in the world, sitting at the south-western edge of the Pacific Ocean. On the boundary of two tectonic plates, its two main islands are a host of natural wonders and beauty, with the Southern Alps, and Fiordland of South Island, and Lake Taupo of North Island. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Intro and Titles 👉2:09 Overview of New Zealand 👉3:06 Etymology of New Zealand 👉4:38 Physical Geography of New Zealand 👉8:10 Climate and Habitats of New Zealand 👉11:11 Demographics of New Zealand 👉13:20 Government of New Zealand 👉14:39 Flag and Coat of Arms of New Zealand 👉16:10 Economy of New Zealand 👉17:18 Culture of New Zealand 👉19:06 Famous and Notable Kiwis 👉21:18 Summary and Outro 🇳🇿 Home to 5 million New Zealanders, informally called "Kiwis", who are mainly of British ancestry, but with a sizeable minority of Maori, descended from Polynesian explorers who discovered the islands 700 years ago. One third of Kiwis live around the largest city, Auckland, while the capital Wellington and Christchurch on South Island make up the next two largest cities in New Zealand. 🇳🇿 New Zealand culture pulls on these two traditions, but with Rugby, in the form of the All Blacks national team dominating the sport, while the growth of TV and movie production in the last 20 years has seen world class epics such as the Lord of the Rings trilogy filmed and produced in New Zealand. 🇳🇿 Famous Kiwi actors include Russell Crowe, Karl Urban, Sam Neill and Lucy Lawless, while Jane Campion and Peter Jackson are Oscar-winning film directors from New Zealand. The New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary was the first person to reach the summit of the tallest mountain in the world, Mount Everest. But perhaps the greatest of all Kiwis was Ernest Rutherford, considered the father of nuclear physics, who discovered the atomic nucleus among many other groundbreaking discoveries in the field. - - - - - POLICY ON CRITICISM Comments are welcome, but if you have a correction, you must specify what you believe to be the exact error, as well as providing what you believe to be the correct information. Failure to do this will result in your comment being deleted. Additionally, all negatively opinionated comments that do not offer constructive solutions will also be deleted. *** All comments are moderated. *** - - - - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/nz-today#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share, JOIN and 🔴 Subscribe. Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

🇳🇿 The History of New Zealand begins in the Middle Ages, when humans first arrived in the form of the Polynesian explorer Kupe. New Zealand was the last significant land mass on Earth to be settled by humans. The following five centuries saw the development of what became the Maori culture. The first European to sight the islands was Abel Tasman in 1642, but it was Cook in 1769 that thoroughly mapped the islands, leading the way for the first European settlers in the following decades. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Intro and Titles 👉1:35 Overview 👉2:52 Before Humans / Polynesian Discovery 👉3:52 The Maori Centuries 👉4:31 European Discovery / Tasman / Cook 👉5:45 Initial European Settlement / Musket Wars 👉7:19 Declaration of Maori Independence / Treaty of Waitangi 👉8:32 The New Zealand Wars 👉10:04 British Sovereignty and Early Colony 👉11:53 Liberal Party 1893-1910 👉12:34 Agricultural Exports to Britain 👉13:13 20th Century to 1970s 👉15:15 Maori Urbanisation / Waitangi Tribunal 👉16:33 Crisis of the 1970s / Rogernomics of the 1980s 👉17:45 Nuclear Free Zone / Rainbow Warrior 👉19:03 Summary and Outro 🇳🇿 Initial contacts between Europeans and Maoris was peaceful, although the trading of land for muskets resulted in the Musket Wars of the early 1800s. The British sought to control the disorganised state of land purchases with the Maori through the Treaty of Waitangi of 1840, which established British Sovereignty of New Zealand and the first colony. Many Maori tribes felt they had been deceived by the treaty, and rebelled in the decades-long New Zealand Wars of the mid 1800s, in which many lands were confiscated by the British from the Maori. 🇳🇿 British settlement of New Zealand accelerated during this time. The British settlers were given a parliament in 1852, and the capital moved from Auckland to Wellington in 1865. Gradually the forests were transformed to pastureland and millions of sheep generated wool to be sent back to the mills of Britain. Later came meat, butter and fruits, an export trade that dominated the New Zealand economy for a century or more. 🇳🇿 The Liberal Party reforms at the end of the 19th Century included New Zealand bringing the first equal votes of women anywhere in the world. 🇳🇿 New Zealanders joined Britain with the ANZACs in World War I, and again supported the mother country in World War II. New Zealand would finally gain full independence from Britain in 1947, after earlier gaining Dominion status in 1907. Post war international relations continued with Britain but also the USA in the form of the ANZUS pact that saw New Zealand troops supporting the US in Vietnam. 🇳🇿 Domestically New Zealand suffered as agricultural exports slumped in the Great Depression of the 1930s. Out of this came a welfare state that increasingly dominated the economy up to the 1980s. But the 1970s saw New Zealand lose its greatest trading partner when Britain joined the EEC in 1973. New Zealand was forced to change its economic base and this accelerated with the economic liberalisation of the 1980s and "Rogernomics". 🇳🇿 New Zealand finally separated from any influence of the USA when it declared a Nuclear Free Zone in 1984. The subsequent failure of the USA to condemn France's sinking of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior in Auckland harbour the following year confirmed this fracture. - - - - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/nz-history#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share, JOIN and 🔴 Subscribe. Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

The Nile River. Possibly the longest river in the world, but certainly the most storied in history. Without the Nile, the civilizaiton of Ancient Egypt would have never existed. To the Ancient Greeks and Romans the source of the Nile was a question that vexxed them for centuries. This quest to find the source of the river would be the longest running question in geographic history. And its answer wouldn't come until only 160 years ago. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉1:40 Overview of the Nile River 👉3:04 The Nile Delta 👉3:47 The Nile in Egypt 👉4:27 The Nile in Sudan, Blue and White Niles 👉4:57 The Blue Nile in Ethiopia 👉5:34 The While Nile, The Sudd 👉6:14 Lake Victoria, Uganda, The Source of the Nile 👉7:02 The Search for the Source of the Nile 👉7:26 Ancient Egypt and the Nile 👉8:22 The Nile in the Bible 👉8:43 Ancient Nubia and the Nile 👉9:13 The Romans and the Nile, 66AD Expedition 👉10:29 The "Mountains of the Moon" 👉11:20 British Discovery of the Source of the Nile 👉12:52 Aswan Dam, Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam 👉14:58 Outro and Credits The Nile river begins with the Nile Delta at the Mediterranean Sea, and runs south through Egypt, with Cairo the capital on the river's banks. At Aswan, a dam has been constructed that regulates the flooding of the Nile downstream and providing electricity. Continuing, the Nile in Sudan forms the longest sections of the river, with the confluence of the Blue Nile and While Nile at the capital Khartoum. The Blue Nile rises into the highlands of Ethiopia, with its source at Lake Tana. The summer peak rains in Ethiopia are what drive the yearly flooding of the Nile that so puzzled the ancients of the Mediterranean, accustomed to peak rains in winter. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is currently being filled on the Blue Nile, and has caused tensions and dispute between Ethiopia and Egypt, the latter who feels their critical water supply is threatened by the project. The White Nile continues south until it meets the Sudd, a large swampy land that literally means "barrier", and acted as the barrier to all expeditions from the North, including a Roman expedition in 66AD ordered by the Emperor Nero and documented by the Roman historians Pliny and Seneca. Beyond the Sudd, the Mountain Nile rises until it reaches Lake Albert in Uganda, and then becomes the Victoria Nile, rising again through a series of rapids including Murchison Falls, until Lake Victoria is reached at Jinja. The second largest freshwater lake in the world, Lake Victoria is fed by many headwaters. But the furthest source is now believed to be the Kagera River in Burundi. 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/ig/nile#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share,🔴 Subscribe and JOIN! Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿A country on the north-western edge of Europe. A mix of islands, highlands and lowlands. A country of romance and unique traditions, very different from their imperial neighbour to the south. A nation of three different languages, its culture has survived and flourished across the millennia, delivering some of the greatest and most innovative minds found anywhere. This is the land of whiskey and haggis, Nessie and oil, golf, tartan and bagpipes. This land could only be Scotland. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉2:29 Overview of Scotland 👉4:00 Physical Geography of Scotland 👉7:36 Climate of Scotland 👉9:07 Human Geography of Scotland 👉10:28 The Languages of Scotland 👉12:18 Religion, Largest Cities of Scotland 👉13:10 Government of Scotland 👉15:07 Human Freedom in Scotland 👉16:04 Flag and Coat of Arms of Scotland 👉17:18 Economy of Scotland 👉18:43 Cultural Sites of Scotland 👉21:00 Scottish Food 👉22:24 Bag Pipes and Tartan 👉23:40 The Loch Ness Monster 👉26:00 Famous Scots Past and Present 👉30:19 Outro and Credits USEFUL LINKS: 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scottish Accents - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXpQna8WRB8 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scots Spoken - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cENbkHS3mnY 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scottish Gaelic Spoken - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElosetpyVJ0 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿In this second part of a 2-part special Scotland documentary we look first at the physical geography of Scotland; its situation within Europe and the British Isles, the broad division of islands, highlands and lowlands, the climate of Scotland and the types of natural vegetation found here. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿The human geography of Scotland is a mix of English and Celtic (Gaelic) influences, with English, Scots and Scottish Gaelic languages being spoken today. The largest city is Glasgow, followed by the capital Edinburgh and then Aberdeen. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scotland lies as an autonomous country within the United Kingdom, having its own parliament in Edinburgh and able to enact its own laws in certain areas not reserved by the UK government. The Flag of Scotland is the cross of St Andrew, a white saltire on a blue field, while the coat of arms of Scotland is a red lion rampant on a golden shield. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿The Scottish economy is an advanced mixed economy typical of highly developed nations. Oil and whiskey (whisky) are its chief exports. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scottish culture is very rich, being a blend of English and Gaelic (Celtic) cultures. It has 3 notable UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Skara Brae, The Old and New Towns of Edinburgh, and the Forth Bridge. Bagpipes and tartan play a central role in ceremonial music and dress within Scotland, while the haggis and deep fried "anything" feature on the Scottish menu. The Loch Ness monster ("Nessie") has been a legend for centuries but documentary proof of its existence has eluded all. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scotland is the origin for an astonishing number of innovations, such as the steam engine, antibiotics, refrigeration and colour photography. Famous and notable Scots include Adam Smith, Robert Burns, Robert Louis Stevenson, Sir Anthony Conan Doyle, Sean Connery, Billy Connolly and James Clerk Maxwell. - - - - - Title Music: https://elements.envato.com/celtic-adventure-SBHDLEJ 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/scotland-today#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿The wild lands at the north-western edge of Europe. Settled for millenia, for centuries they were beyond the grasp of empires, from the Romans, to the Vikings and the mighty English to the south. Mixed with their own celtic brothers to the west, their fierce continued independence gave rise to a unique culture that has survived to this day. And yet the irony is they later became wedded to their greatest rivals sitting on the front row of the show that saw the greatest empire in the world. In their Age of Enlightenment, they produce so many great thinkers and innovators, the world would be a very different place without them. Now, in this 21st Century, the call for independence is greater than ever. Will they once again become their own masters? To understand this we must look at the story of the North of the British Isles, the History of Scotland. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉2:21 Overview of Scotland 👉3:30 Names for Scotland 👉4:26 Ice-age, Neolithic and Iron Age Scotland, The Celts 👉6:14 Scotland in Roman Times 👉7:07 Early Medieval Scotland 👉9:12 Anglo-Norman Influence, Wars of Independence 👉11:32 Highlanders and Lowlanders 👉12:37 Mary Queen of Scots 👉14:00 King James and the Personal Union 👉14:37 The Darien Scheme and the Creation of Great Britain 👉17:18 The Scottish Enlightenment 👉19:04 The Jacobite Rising of 1745 👉21:00 Scotland and the British Empire 👉23:42 Scotland in the 20th Century 👉25:30 Part 2 Trailer and Outro 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿In this first part of a 2-part special Scotland documentary we first look at the history of Scotland, from the stone age, neolithic period, including the site of Skara Brae, through to the origins of the Celts and how they influence Scottish culture through to today. We look at how the Romans were not able to conquer Scotland, and then after they left how the Anglo-Saxons influence early medieval Scotland, along with equal influence from the "Scots" of Ireland, spreading the Gaelic language and replacing that of the Picts. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿The Anglo-Norman influence upon Scotland increased following the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and through the Scottish Royal court and the formation of the first towns ("burghs") the Scots language emerged, a mix of Middle English and Gaelic, that is still spoken today. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿The Stuart Dynasty ruled Scotland at this time, and Mary Queen of Scots was the most famous, and most tragic of these. Despite her own abdication, fleeing to England, imprisonment and final execution, her son James VI later became King James I of England, in a Personal Union between the two countries. But it was the failed Darien Scheme in Panama almost a century that ultimately led to the full union of Scotland and England as the nation of Great Britain in 1707. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿Scotland thrived in the new Union and the Scottish Enlightenment produced global giants in philosophy, economics and engineering such as Hume, Adam Smith and James Watt, inventor of the practical, portable steam engine. But not all were happy with the new arrangement. Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), landed in Scotland and united the Highlanders and Lowlanders in his claim for the British crown. The Jacobite Rising of 1745 ultimately failed, leading to the Highland Clearances that saw the old Highlander way of life gone forever. This was the period in which the hit TV Series "Outlander" was set. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿In the British Empire, Scotland took full advantage of the opportunities in trade and industry, with Glasgow become a hive of industry, with shipbuilding in particular leading the world in. But the Highland Clearances, among other factors, led to a huge number of urban poor and slums in Glasgow and other cities, leading millions of Scots to seek a better life in other parts of the world. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿In recent decades, the cry for Scottish Independence has increased, with the Scottish National Party (SNP) become the dominant voice in British politics. While a referendum on Scottish Independence failed in 2014, the country continues to remain split on whether to stay in the United Kingdom, or to once again strive for... as William Wallace was scripted to say... FREEDOM! - - - - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/scotland-history#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

Five years ago, I set out to create the best video series on the climate zones of the world. Showing not telling real places around the world where different patterns of temperature and rainfall influence so much, from biomes, agriculture and indeed human culture. Five years later, having accomplished this first task, I followed up with four more series, a more in-depth look at climate, the biomes of the world, the history and geography of nations, and times when history collided with geography in specific regions around our planet. The result was 100,000+ subscribers. For the first time I reveal on camera secrets that led to the choices I took in selecting my subjects, as well as the background in my childhood and later years that led to this... the phenomenon of GEODIODE! - - - - - Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

🇨🇱 A land of extreme dimensions and a tremendous variety of climate zones and biomes, from the driest desert in the world to lush temperate rainforests, scrub and tundra. It's narrowest of all countries in form, a product of being sandwiched between the largest ocean and longest mountain range in the world. Once a property of colonial Spain, it then saw an influx of people from all over Europe that went on to shape the most prosperous of all Latin American nations. Perhaps the most geographically fascinating of all countries, this land could only be Chile! 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉1:59 Overview of Chile 👉2:56 Colonial History of Chile and Independence 👉5:35 Chile in the 1800s, War of the Pacific 👉7:49 Modern History of Chile, Allende, Pinochet 👉10:02 Government & Symbols of Chile 👉12:06 Geographical Position of Chile 👉14:37 Earthquakes and Volcanoes of Chile 👉16:34 Climates and Biomes of Chile 👉21:19 Rapa Nui / Easter Island 👉21:59 Human Geography of Chile 👉23:52 Economy of Chile 👉26:29 Culture of Chile 👉28:45 Outro 🇨🇱 In this Chile documentary we first look at the history of Chile, from the early days of the Spanish Conquest and Colonial period of Chile, to Chile's war of Independence. Following Chilean Independence, we then examine Chile in the 1800s including the expansion into the southlands of the Mapuche and then the War of the Pacific against Peru and Bolivia. The 20th Century saw general stability and prosperity until the 1960s and 70s when the socialist Salvador Allende was elected president, but crashed the economy leading to intervention from the USA in the form of a coup in 1973 by General Augusto Pinochet. While Pinochet restored and then boomed the economy, his junta committed thousands of human rights violations against his own people. 🇨🇱 From 1990 Chile has had democratically elected governments, and its economy is the strongest in Latin America, with its mines producing the largest amount of copper in the world, and its state mandated private pension scheme being the first of its kind and most successful globally. It successfully exports a variety of foodstuffs, including Chilean fine wines, Chilean fruit and Chilean Sea Bass. 🇨🇱 Chile's geography is defined by its extreme length compared to its width, the product of being sandwiched between the Pacific Ocean and Andes mountains. Lying on a long tectonic plate boundary, Chile experiences the most violent earthquakes in the world. Traversing 40 degrees of latitude, it is home to a diverse set of climate zones and biomes, from the driest of all deserts in the north, the Atacama, through Mediterranean scrub, the Oceanic Valdivian temperate rainforests, and tundra in the south in Tierra del Fuego, Torres del Paine National Park and Cape Horn, the southernmost part of the continent. 🇨🇱 The capital and largest city is Santiago de Chile, with the historic port of Valparaiso being the second largest, and Concepcion the third. - - - - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/chile#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

Full Intro Video: https://youtu.be/o_AfNcjlOgU Full Series Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu83ZzwRbQvIvhdkLCT2EvKNWb1F-KWs7 Biomes - The Living Landscapes of Earth When you look at pictures of the Earth from space, what’s the first thing that you see? A blue marble, as some have described it. A water world where oceans and swirls of white clouds dominate. But most of us will then have our attention drawn to the shapes imprinted on its surface – the continents. And they come in many colors. The white of Antarctica, the beige of the Sahara, the light green of grasslands, and the darker shades of our planet’s forests in their many forms. So many of these colors that give the world its look are the result of trillions of individual plants growing upon the surface. Which plants grow where is determined by many factors, with the climate being the most dominant factor. Desert and scrubland, savannah, prairie and steppe, tundra and taiga, woodland and rainforest. They are at the base of almost every food chain of every animal – the habitats that sustain all other lifeforms, and ourselves. Collectively, they are known as biomes - the living landscapes of Earth. In the first of a brand-new series, we are introduced to the concept of a biome, what it is, how it is that way, the factors that determine what plants grow in what area, and list out the Biomes to be studied in more detail in future episodes, including: - Tropical Rainforest - Savannah - Shrubland or Scrub - Desert - Prairie and Steppe - Deciduous Woodlands - Boreal Forest or Taiga - Tundra - Highlands - Wetlands - - Please support the development of this channel by remembering to Like, Share and Subscribe. You can also support the production of this series by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $1/month: http://patreon.com/geodiode Series Researched, Written, Narrated, and Produced by B.J.Ranson Social media links: http://www.facebook.com/geodiode/ https://www.reddit.com/u/Geodiode https://twitter.com/geodiode https://www.instagram.com/geodiode/ https://www.tumblr.com/blog/geodiode https://www.pinterest.co.uk/geodiode/ Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page through the "About" tab.

🇬🇷 A rocky peninsula and an archipelago at the south-east edge of Europe. Thousands of beaches across hundreds of islands under the warm Mediterranean sun… it’s no wonder that this country sees millions of visitors every year. But don’t be fooled by the tourist brochure. It can be argued that this land produced a people and culture that influenced the world beyond any other. This could only be GREECE. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉2:25 Overview of Greece 👉3:42 Physical Geography of Greece 👉6:26 Climate of Greece, Biomes 👉8:19 Government, Symbols, Military & Politics of Greece 👉13:28 Human Geography, Modern Greek Language 👉15:45 Greek Economy 👉17:54 Greek Culture Today 👉20:52 Outro 🇬🇷 In the second part of my special presentation about this country I examine the geography of the mainland and islands, a look at the modern Greek state's structure, the Greek economy and the Greek culture of today. 🇬🇷 In Part 1, I went into detail in the long history of Greece, from the Bronze Age, through the Archaic and Classical Age cultural apex, through the Roman conquest and Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Conquest and finally Greek independence and the modern Greek state: https://youtu.be/Mk-OyRI7c7Q 🇬🇷 The geography of Greece is split into the mainland and islands. The mainland peninsula extends down from the Balkans, including Macedonia, Thrace, Thessaly, Epirus, Attica and the Peloponnese. The islands are made up of the Ionian group to the west, notably Corfu, Kefalonia and Zakynthos, while the Aegean sea to the east is home to the majority of islands, including Santorini, Rhodes and Crete. 🇬🇷 Greece is populated by the Greek people, the descendants of 5 millennia of Greeks living here, and in which the modern Greek language is spoken. 🇬🇷 The Greek economy is dominated by the service sector, most notably tourism and shipping, while agriculture in the form of olives, wine and cotton is distinct. Blessed by the Mediterranean climate of hot summer and thousands of beaches as well as a host of world famous archaeological sites such as the Parthenon and Acropolis of Athens, Delphi, Epidaurus and Knossos, it's no wonder that Greece is one of the most visited countries in the world for tourism. 🇬🇷 Greek culture today is a blend of European and Middle Eastern influences with the Greek's own unique take. Greek cuisine is world famous, having been exported in the Greek diaspora of the 19th and 20th centuries, and part of the healthy Mediterranean diet including olives and olive oil, feta cheese, greek yogurt etc. Greek music today has produced such world famous artists such as Demis Roussos, Nana Mouskouri and Oscar winning electronic music Pioneer, Vangelis. 🎶🎻🎺🎼 Extra Special Thanks to Geoff Knorr for the use of his renditions of the Epitaph of Seikilos in the opening and closing music. Get the sheet music from Geoff's store here: http://geoffknorr.com/store ⚔️🏛 Play Greece in Civilization VI by 2K Games to hear all of Geoff Knorr's versions of the Epitaph of Seikilos: http://civilization.com 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/greece#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

The oldest civilisation in Europe. Birthplace of Western Philosophy. The first European alphabet. A place where human sculpture was perfected. A place where democracy was first realised. Where those famous athletic games began. So many accolades for so small a land. Where to begin in telling the story of this oh-so important of nations? At the beginning, of course, and don't stop until the end! In this video I dare to tell the FULL history of this land and its people. It is an incredible story. It is the story of GREECE. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉5:15 Bronze Age Greece 👉8:00 Archaic Greece 👉14:59 Classical Greece 👉23:04 Hellenistic Greece 👉31:49 Greece in the Roman Age 👉38:16 Byzantine Greece 👉44:21 Ottoman Greece 👉49:06 Greece in the Modern Age 👉54:10 Summary: Greece throughout the Ages 👉55:34 Outro In this full length history documentary of Greece I'll cover the full range of time, from the Bronze Age civilisations of Minoan Knossos and Mycenae, through the dark age that followed and into the Archaic Age that saw the Doric people rebirth an even more spectacular culture of a rich Greek mythology of heroes and gods, ornate pottery, the Oracle of Delphi, and an alphabet that is still in use today and was the father of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets used across the world. The cultural apex came during the Classical Age of the 6th and 5th Centuries BC, where Athens first experimented with democracy, and the Spartan phalanx held off the Persians at Thermopylae, where Socrates, Plato and Aristotle brought new thinking to the world, creating Western Philosophy, where architecture of temples and theatres reached sublime levels such as those of the Parthenon, and where sculpture of the human form was perfected. The squabbling polis or city states were eventually united under Phillip of Macedon, but it was his son, Alexander the Great who would go on to export the rich Greek culture to the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East beyond when he conquered the much greater Persian Empire in 336 BC. After Alexander, his conquests were split among his generals, with the greatest being Ptolemy and Egypt, which only ended three centuries later with Cleopatra. The Greek phalanx, however, ended up being no match for the Roman legions, and the Greek world was absorbed into the Roman world over several centuries, ending in Actium in 31BC. But "Greece conquered her rude conqueror" and the Romans adopted many of the customs and philosophy of their captors. As the Pax Romana ended in the 3rd and 4th Centuries AD, with the sack of Rome, only the Eastern Roman Empire, centred around Constantinople would survive, going on for another millennium as the Byzantine Empire. But betrayed by their fellow Christians in the Fourth Crusade in the Sack of Constantinople, the empire was so weakened that it was finally picked off by the Ottoman Turks two centuries later in the Ottoman conquest of 1453. The next four centuries were the darkest hour for Greece under Ottoman rule, but salvation would come with the help of the Western Powers with Greek independence in 1832. The modern Greek state expanded over the next 80 years to its current size today, albeit with the disastrous setback of the Greek-Turkish War of 1919-22. A brutal occupation by the Axis Powers in World War II ended only to be followed immediately by a civil war that left political scars between the left and right for decades afterwards, the low point being under the Regime of the Colonels from 1967-1974. Greece joined the EEC (EU) in 1982 and enjoyed benefits of membership but suffered badly in the 2008 financial crisis and the austerity measures that followed. Despite this, however, Greeks today still enjoy their best quality of life in centuries. 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/greece#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

A todos mis seguidores de habla hispana... Han sido pacientes durante tanto tiempo... Sufriendo con los subtítulos... ¡Pero no sufran más, porque Geodiode ahora HABLA su idioma! La serie “Secretos del Clima del Mundo” con narración en español ya se está publicando Narrado por Richard Torres Próximamente con narración en español: ¡Los Estados-Nación de la Tierra! ¡La serie de los biomas! ¡Este proyecto de traducción es mi gran agradecimiento a ustedes en el mundo de habla hispana, por enriquecer al mundo ENTERO, con su cultura maravillosa, artística y vibrante! ¡Hagan clic aquí para ver el nuevo canal! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEHrKb_HOEmZMDW_V--cwdg ¡Suscríbanse ahora y compártanlo con sus amigos! ¡Los veo pronto! - - Contenido original del canal escrito y producido por B.J.Ranson

South Africa. Perhaps the first word that comes to mind is Apartheid, a system that enshrined in law racial discrimination at a national level. But those days are long gone now, and South Africa is attempting to reinvent itself as the "Rainbow Nation" of ethnic diversity. And there is so much more to South Africa. Having the most concentrated deposits of minerals found anywhere in the world, it's no surprise that South Africa dominated the gold and diamond mining industry for decades. But these days its tourists that bring in much of the wealth, and with so much stunning natural beauty, flora and fauna, it's no wonder. Welcome to South Africa! 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉2:17 Ancient & Colonial History of South Africa 👉7:33 Modern History of South Africa, Apartheid 👉11:39 South African Government Structure & Symbols 👉13:39 Physical Geography of South Africa 👉15:36 Climate of South Africa, Biomes 👉17:56 Human Geography of South Africa 👉19:56 South African Economy 👉23:12 South African Culture, Famous South Africans 👉25:57 Outro In this half-hour South African documentary I'll cover the history of South Africa, South Africa's geography, the economy of South Africa and South African culture. Humans have lived in South Africa longer than almost any other nation, and the predecessors of humans were also here, with South Africa having more pre-hominid fossils in the "cradle of humankind" than any other nation. The Khoisan people (Hottentots or Bushmen) are descendants of the original human settlement, and are still here. Bantu speaking peoples arrived here about 1000-1500 years ago, and make up the ancestors of the Zulu and Xhosa peoples that today form the largest ethnic minorities in South Africa. Dutch settlers arrived in the 16th century, and soon encountered the natives where fierce wars broke out. And then came the British in the 19th century, who set out to make the whole cape a colony. The Dutch Afrikaners or Boers resented British rule and set out on the Great Trek to found their own republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. The British defeated the rising Zulu kingdom in the east, and then defeated the Boer republics in the First and Second Boer Wars. These wars were further motivated by the discovery of rich diamond and gold deposits in the north-east, and South Africa would go on to become the world's #1 producer of gold and diamonds. In the early twentieth century, South Africa gained independence from Britain, and in response to a large influx of black Africans into the cities, the Republic of South Africa set into infamous law, the Apartheid system, that set out separate areas for living and public spaces between the whites, coloureds, black Africans and Indians. Over the ensuing decades, these laws resulted in the isolation of South Africa from the rest of the world, that condemned the practice. Eventually, in the early 1990s, the system was abandoned, and former prisoner and anti-apartheid leader, Nelson Mandela became president. The geography of South Africa is rich, and features a central plateau that dramatically falls away in the Great Escarpment to the coast, most notably in the Drakensburg mountains. The climate is largely wet in the east and dry in the west, with savannah, veld (grassland), desert and scrub dominating. Johannesburg, the centre of the mining industry is the largest city, followed by Cape Town in the far south-west, then Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, Pretoria and Port Elizabeth all being over one million in population. South Africa's economy, once dominated by mining, is now highly diverse, with services, manufacturing and tourism all contributing significantly. The culture of South Africa is a blend of European and African, and many famous people are from this country, including Nelson Mandela, J.R.R. Tolkein, Elon Musk and Charlize Theron. 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/south-africa#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

In 1883, possibly the loudest sound ever heard, detonated in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. The source of this explosion? A volcano that has gone down in infamy. Ovewr 36,000 lives were lost in the ensuing pyroclastic flows and tsunami, and is the second deadliest volcanic eruption in recorded history. This is Infamous Geography. This is Krakatoa. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉 0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉 1:40 Indonesia and the Ring of Fire 👉 2:36 The Sunda Strait and Krakatoa Today 👉 3:45 Earlier Eruptions of Krakatoa 👉 4:23 The Krakatoa Eruption of 1883 👉 6:01 The Loudest Sound Ever Heard? 👉 7:46 The Killer Pyroclastic Flows of Krakatoa 👉 8:24 The Killer Tsunami of Krakatoa 👉 9:40 The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) 👉 11:19 The Mount Tambora Eruption of 1815 👉 12:12 The Mount Toba Supervolcano Eruption 👉 12:42 Volcanoes, the Life Bringers 👉 13:31 Krakatoa: The Ongoing Story 👉 14:40 Outro and Credits In this video, I look at the causes of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption, the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate under the Sunda Plate, as part of the Pacific Ring of Fire that has led to Indonesia having the largest number of active volcanoes of any country. I look in detail at the colossal 1883 eruption, the sounds that it made that put it into the record books, and the killer pyroclastic flows and tsunami that led to so many lives lost. I then look at Krakatoa in the context of other historical eruptions and as measured by the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). Mount Tambora and Mount Toba, also in the same region are notable examples of other massive volcanic eruptions in recorded and geological history. Lastly, I look at how the numerous volcanoes on Java have led to this island being the most populated on Earth, and end with a glimpse at what might lie in Krakatoa's future. 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ Anak Krakatoa 2018 - Frank Keurntjes - https://youtu.be/Kz695GAOpaQ Anak Krakatoa 2018 - humanizer - https://youtu.be/-uOa2unXLlw Anak Krakatoa 2018 - Ronny Quireyns / ARMA tu RAhttps://youtu.be/4zUAy5bSSF4 Subduction zone - KDS4444 - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49035989 Stratovolcano Cross-Section - Woudloper - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stratovolcano_cross-section.svg Batavia & 1883 Aftermath Photos - Tropenmuseum - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=114032823 Pumice Fragment - James St John - https://flic.kr/p/oTMfch Decibel Scale - Precision Rifle Blog - https://precisionrifleblog.com/2015/02/20/thunderbeast-suppressor/ Pyroclastic Flow - ING Vulcani - https://youtu.be/uSd0DCDmC6Y Mauna Loa Eruption - Eastern Video Productions - https://youtu.be/FgCbqWE6__0 Tambora Ashfall - myself/NASA/Oppenheimer - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1266774 Europe 1816 Temps - Giorgiogp2 - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8942703 Change in Geography - ChrisDHDR (PD) - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6753740 Anak Krakatoa 2008 - flydime - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3716726 Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres - Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 - Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

Join me as I take a whirlwind tour of Sweden's history, geography, economy and culture. 🇸🇪 Sweden's influence in the world is huge in comparison to its population size. Why is this? What is it in the culture and people of Sweden that makes it so disproportionately influential? In this video I hope to provide the answer by an examination of some facts about Sweden, its history and geography. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉 0:00 Opening Montage 👉 0:49 Introduction and Titles 👉 1:49 Origins and History 👉 5:36 Government 👉 6:32 Physical Geography 👉 8:38 Human Geography 👉 10:44 Economy 👉 12:14 Culture and Summary 👉 14:14 Outro Sweden is famous for its Viking past, but less well known is after Gustav Vasa freed the Swedes from the yoke of foreign influence, the power it wielded in the 17th and 18 Centuries was one of the greatest in Europe, in what was known as the Swedish Empire. Today, the is much more peaceful, and has a reputation as an honest broker in peace negotiations through over two centuries of abstaining from war. Have you thought about what it's like living in Sweden? Although being a member of the EU, it has retained its currency, the Swedish Krona. The Swedish economy is very strong and stable, and its companies are known globally, including IKEA, Volvo, Saab, Scania, Ericsson and Spotify. It's culture is one of the most liberal in the world, with personal freedom being of top importance throughout its history. 🌲 If you're interested in travel to Sweden, one should be aware of its climate, landscapes, biomes and geography. Taiga (boreal forest) in the north dominates❄️, mixed forest is in the middle, and broadleaf deciduous forest in the south, although much land in the southern part is given over to farming. The top three cities are the capital of Stockholm, followed by the industrial centre of Gothenburg (Göteborg) and Malmö, which lies across the Øresund Bridge from Copenhagen. - - ❤️ VIDEO AND PHOTO CREDITS ❤️ 👉 https://geodiode.com/nse/sweden#credits -- Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Series Researched, Written, Narrated and Produced by B.J.Ranson Media Procurement Assistance and Spanish translation: Richard Torres You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

A sea-route that would connect Europe to the riches of Asia. Its there somewhere, over the north of the continent of America. So was the thought in the minds of thousands of merchants, explorers and kings in an obsession that would grip the sea-faring nations of Europe for four centuries. If only they knew the truth of the Arctic Archipelago of Northern Canada. A barren, frozen complex of land and sea about as hostile an environment as any to be found on Earth. A crusher of ships, and the grave of those arrogant enough to believe it was theirs to conquer. This is infamous geography. This is the Northwest Passage. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉1:42 The Problem - Getting from Europe to Asia 👉4:03 The Geography of the Canadian Arctic 👉6:42 The Islands and Sea Routes of the Arctic Archipelago 👉8:55 The Inuit 👉10:17 Early Expeditions via the Atlantic 👉14:21 Expeditions from the Pacific 👉15:48 Renewed Efforts of the 1800s 👉16:55 The Doomed Franklin Expedition 👉20:40 Maclure Discovers the Passage 👉21:51 Amundsen Traverses the Passage 👉23:47 Modern History, Panama Canal, Climate Change 👉26:27 Outro 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ A SPECIAL THANK YOU to BERT JENKINS for his kind permission and assistance in using photos of his expedition to the NW Passage. His full Flickr album of photos on this: https://www.flickr.com/photos/bert_jenkins/albums/72157662258518916 Thanks to the following contributors via the Creative Commons: Gjoa today - Bjoertvedt - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28655622 CCGS Labrador - Bouchard - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8173074 Pack Ice Diagram - Lusilier - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22893504 Cabot bust - Istituto Veneto di Scienze - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38573481 Map of Inuit Dialects - Noahedits - https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Inuit_languages_and_dialects.svg/2560px-Inuit_languages_and_dialects.svg.png Silk Road - Kelvin Case - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10536100 Vinland Settlement - Dylan Kereluk - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=351717 Buckling sea ice - Matti&Keti - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:North_Pole,_Arctic_Ocean,_sea_ice_03.jpg North magnetic pole - Cavit, Newitt et al. - https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46888403 Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

Russia. It is a country that has been at the forefront of global politics for more than two centuries. Russia is a country that is almost always in the news, as the recent Russia Ukraine conflict demonstrates. It's a country you simply cannot ignore. At a time of renewed tensions between East and West, its more important than ever that we stop a moment to understand what is Russia and who are the Russians. And this is why I made this country the next in the series on Nation States of Earth. 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction, Titles 👉3:37 Early History, Kievan Rus 👉7:01 The Rise of Moscow, First Tsars 👉8:46 Russian Empire, Peter, Catherine, Napoleon 👉12:58 Russian Revolution, Russian Civil War 👉17:07 Early Soviet Union (USSR), Stalin, World War II 👉20:52 Later Soviet Union, Cold War, Collapse, Gorbachev 👉24:16 Post Soviet Era of Russia, Yeltsin, Putin 👉27:28 Russian Government Structure, Flag, Coat of Arms 👉31:21 Physical Geography of Russia 👉36:57 Climate of Russia, Biomes 👉40:10 Human Geography of Russia 👉42:48 Russian Economy 👉47:29 Russian Culture 👉51:16 Great Russians (Montage) 👉55:36 Outro In this one hour video I explore Russian history, one of invasions going both into and out of its vast territory, and one of tyrants within its own borders, whether they be Imperial Romanov Tsars such as Peter The Great, Catherine The Great or Nicholas II or the "Red Tsars" of the Soviet Union, like Stalin. I look in detail at the events leading up to the Russian Revolution, its causes, and the aftermath of the Russian Civil War, and then the rise of the dictator Stalin, the murders and GULAG work camps, where few returned. I look at the devastation that the invasion of Russia had on the country in World War II, and how, in the war's aftermath, a new Cold War developed between the conflicting ideologies of the Communist USSR and the Capitalist West. I look at how Russia was ultimately devastated by Communism, how the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev ("Glasnost" and "Perestroika") were too little, too late, and how it took almost two decades to recover from the brutal shock of its collapse in the 1990s, under the rule of Boris Yeltsin and Vladimir Putin. I look at Russian Geography. The fierce Russian climate is notorious for its harsh winters, that have meant the end of European invaders such as Napoleon. In the vast realm of Siberia, we find the coldest temperatures outside of Antarctica, and with the highest seasonal temperature ranges anywhere in the world. And it is this climate that gives us the biome of the Taiga, the endless boreal forest that has almost 20% of all trees globally. The largest of all countries by land area, it's no surprise that the Russian economy has access to an estimated 30% of all natural resources globally, with enormous natural gas, oil and mineral reserves. Its aerospace sector and space industry have been global leaders, achieving the first man in space (Yuri Gagarin) and the longest running national space station, Mir. Both European and Asian, and something else entirely on its own, Russian culture is as rich as any nation, giving us world class writers such as Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Solzhenitsyn, Pasternak and Chekov. Russian Musicians are famous the world over, with such composers as Tchaikovsky, Stravinksy and Mussorgsky just some of the best composers the world has known coming from this country. 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/russia#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about

The biodiversity of the Tropical Rainforests. The great tree studded grasslands of the African Savannah. The summer-parched Scrublands of the Mediterranean. The endless deserts of the Sahara and Gobi. The vast expanse of Steppe and Prairie of the Northern Continents. The beautiful colours of the Temperate Forests. The endless expanse of the Canadian Boreal Forest and Russian Taiga. The empty Arctic Tundra and Antarctic Ice. The myriad of Wetlands and Highlands found across the globe. 🌵🌲🌳🌴🌿🌺🍁🏜⛰🐠 It's hard to believe that just one small rocky planet can host such a diversity of Living Landscapes. The Biomes of our planet Earth. 🌵🌲🌳🌴🌿🌺🍁🏜⛰🐠 Presented to you in over 70 minutes of HD video of real places in each biome, to the soundtrack of the music from the landmark series "Biomes", Living Landscapes shows you the beauty of our planet in a way not seen anywhere else. 🌵🌲🌳🌴🌿🌺🍁🏜⛰🐠 TIMESTAMPS SERIES INTRODUCTION 0:00 Follow Your Heart (Neil Cross) TROPICAL FOREST 2:51 Lakeshore (Juan Mares) 6:05 Speak To Me (Neil Cross) 9:12 Rainy Day (Neil Cross) SAVANNAH 12:37 African Altitudes (Juan Mares) SCRUB 16:11 X (Kenneth Michael Hill) 21:22 Magnetic (Artist Unknown) DESERT 23:56 Sunrise Without You (Music Design By Jason Inc.) 26:31 At The Edge Of The Sky (Artist Unknown) GRASSLAND 30:27 Wind Of Hope (Mikael Manvelyan) 33:10 Looking Better (Neil Cross) TEMPERATE FOREST 36:34 Be My Everything (Mark Buergler) 39:24 Ambient Voiceover (Artist Unknown) 42:38 Welcome Home (Neil Cross) TAIGA (BOREAL FOREST) 44:57 Softly Woven Tapestry (Bruce Zimmerman) 47:26 Rolling River (Patrick Smith) TUNDRA & ICE 49:54 Sad Piano (O Range Of Sound) WETLAND 52:40 Acoustic Daydream (James Grant) 55:02 Free Flowing (Neil Cross) HIGHLAND 58:25 Inspiring Landscape Journey (Oleg Semenov) 1:01:21 The Documentary (Oleg Semenov) SHALLOW SEA & DEEP OCEAN 1:03:49 Documentary (Oleg Semenov) SERIES FINALE 1:06:03 Nature Documentary Timelapse (Oleg Semenov) VIDEO CREDITS Terra Negra (Brazil Caatinga) Gmmv80 (Paraguay Chaco) Milosh Kitchovitch (Namib Deadvlei) NASA Goddard (Greenland) Thomas Noisel (Nepal) Gonban Videos (Coral) Digital Aquamarine (Kelp) Pacific Plankton 🌵🌲🌳🌴🌿🌺🍁🏜⛰🐠 Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 🌵🌲🌳🌴🌿🌺🍁🏜⛰🐠 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

Oceanography - the nature of the vast oceans and their ecosystems. The largest of the world's biomes is the one we know the least of. Crushing pressures and the vast extent of the abyssal plains of the oceans mean we know more about the surface of the moon than the depths below the water. What we do know, however, is life here has evolved into an almost alien-like form that differs greatly from that of the surface. Join me in this final episode of the Biomes series, as I investigate the nature of the deep oceans and their bizarre ecosystems. 🦑🐡🐋🌊 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Opening Montage 👉0:30 Introduction and Titles 👉1:52 A Biome of Total Darkness 👉3:10 Abyssal Plains / Deep Ocean Trenches 👉4:42 Ocean Currents / Thermohaline Circulation 👉7:48 Ocean Temperatures / Thermocline 👉9:11 Lifeforms of the Deep Ocean 👉14:10 Hydrothermal Vents / Chemosynthesis 👉15:46 In Closing 👉16:17 BIOMES SERIES CLOSING MONTAGE 🦑🐡🐋🌊 The average depth of the oceans is about 4000m, where no light reaches, and a cold, still world exists, totally dependent upon organic debris falling from above to provide food for its strange inhabitants. After descending from the continental shelf via the continental slope, most of the ocean floor is in the form of abyssal plains. However, mid-ocean ridges, where new crust forms, are at shallower depths, while deep ocean trenches descend to as much as 11000m, where pressures can reach 1100 atmospheres or 16000 psi. 🦑🐡🐋🌊 The vast flat surface of the oceans act as generators for the world's weather, and storms that form over the ocean in specific regular places lead to the formation of ocean currents that in turn shape global climate patterns, such as the Gulf Stream warming Europe, or the Peru Current creating the Atacama Desert. These surface currents are augmented by an even more complex conveyer belt of deep ocean currents that can be traced all around the world in what is known as the Thermohaline Circulation. But in general the deep ocean is very still and cold, since cold water sits below warm surface water. The temperature of the water plummets suddenly at around 500m in depth in what is called the Thermocline. 🦑🐡🐋🌊 In the absence of light, there are no plants, so most of the biomass in the deep sea is in the form of animals - fish, crustaceans, cephalopods such as squid and octopus, starfish and adventurous mammals - the whales. Many of these creatures use bioluminescence to lure a mate or prey. Gigantism is also a feature of many of the animals here, with crabs and squid, for instance, being much larger than their surface water cousins. 🦑🐡🐋🌊 At mid-ocean ridges are found chemically rich hydrothermal vents that allow bacteria to build organic matter from. In turn these bacteria act as symbiotes for tube worms and other life that provides the only biome on our planet that is not dependent upon photosynthesis. 🦑🐡🐋🌊 FURTHER READING: Additional charts, maps and images along with the narrative script - click here: 👉 https://geodiode.com/biomes/deep-oceans 🦑🐡🐋🌊 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ http://geodiode.com/biomes/deep-oceans#credits 🦑🐡🐋🌊 Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

Coral Reefs, seaweed, kelp and plankton. Just a handful of lifeforms that we find in waters where light can reach, where plankton can photosynthesise, and for a complex array of plants and animals to build upon that in a food chain. In this video, I explore the origins of Earth's seas, continental shelfs, and how life has developed within this biome. 🐠🦀🐙🦈 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Opening Montage 👉0:27 Introduction and Titles 👉1:40 Formation of the Oceans 👉2:50 Shallow Seas vs Deep Oceans 👉3:20 Continental Shelf 👉4:40 Climate Change and Sea Level Change 👉5:35 Composition of Seawater 👉6:48 Light Penetration in Seawater 👉7:43 Plankton 👉9:33 Seaweed, Kelp and Animal Food Chains 👉10:20 Coral 👉11:58 Environmental Threats 👉13:49 Outro 🐠🦀🐙🦈 In the formation of the Earth, a small fraction of the original material was ice. This eventually formed the oceans and seas as we know them today. Where light can penetrate the sea bottom, around the coastlines and within the continental shelfs, life can flourish. 🐠🦀🐙🦈 Seawater is about 3.5% minerals, with most of this being in the form of sodium chloride, and hence the water is saline. Plants and animals must evolve to cope with this salt in their internal membranes and tissues. 🐠🦀🐙🦈 The presence of light means photosynthesis, and this is the reason that shallow seas are so rich, with various types of plankton, microscopic plants and bacteria, being able use light to convert water and CO2 into organic matter. Other plankton feed upon these, and krill, jellyfish, crustaceans, molluscs, fish, sharks and whales feed in a complex food chain upon the rest. 🐠🦀🐙🦈 Sea flora, beyond the microscopic, consists of seaweed and kelp which a multicellular forms of algae. But the most notable "fixed" living organisms within the shallow seas are corals, which are in fact animals that have a photosynthetic symbiote within their cells. Corals grow through cloning and sexual reproduction to form coral reefs, as they excrete calcium carbonate at their base. 🐠🦀🐙🦈 Threats to the shallow seas ecosystem include the bleaching of coral reefs, overfishing, and marine plastic pollution. 🐠🦀🐙🦈 FURTHER READING: Additional charts, maps and images along with the narrative script - click here: 👉 https://geodiode.com/biomes/shallow-seas 🐠🦀🐙🦈 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ http://geodiode.com/biomes/shallow-seas#credits ⛰🏔🗻 Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

New York is Subtropical. Really? According to the Koppen Climate Classification, it has the same Humid Subtropical Climate as New Orleans in the Deep South. Sounds crazy, doesn't it? And what about Bogota, Colombia having the same climate as London. That can't be right, surely. But Koppen put them both in the same Oceanic Climate Zone. In this video I break apart these zones into different sub-types based upon winter temperatures. 🕐CHAPTERS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction and Titles 👉1:50 Koppen Cfa and Cfb Definition 👉3:02 South-East USA, NYC vs New Orleans 👉4:45 Trewartha Climate Classification 👉6:14 A Solution to the Cfa Problem 👉7:02 Cool vs Mild Winters for Cfa Globally 👉8:52 Oceanic Cool vs Mild Winter 👉10:50 Subtropical Highland Climate 👉11:46 Summary and Outro When Vladimir Koppen developed his famous climate classification, 90% of the Earth was covered well. But problems lie in the Humid Subtropical (Cfa) Climate, where many feel that it is too broad a definition, with cities like New York and New Orleans being in the same climate zone. I have identified with precision the problem with this climate zone - it is the difference in winter temperatures. New York has cool winters while New Orleans is mild during the colder season. In an original piece of research, I have split the Cfa zone globally into areas of cool and mild winters, and present these in a detailed map. A similar problem occurs in the Oceanic (Cfb) climate zone, where London and Paris, with their chilly winters, are classified in the same zone as Melbourne and Auckland with their mild winters, and even worse, with Subtropical Highland cities like Bogota and Quito, which experience no winter. Again, here, I break down the Oceanic climate zone into cool and mild winters, and additionally clarifying the difference between these and the Subtropical Highland climate. - - FURTHER READING 💻📚✏️ Additional charts, maps and images along with the narrative script - click here: 👉 https://geodiode.com/climate/the-subtropical-question - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ 👉 https://geodiode.com/climate/the-subtropical-question#credits -- Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Research and Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

What happens when you take one of the many sea-level biomes that we've looked at in this series, and climb into the mountains? How does cooling temperatures affect the type of plants that can grow. The answer varies depending upon whether you're in the tropics, or temperate regions, whether the conditions are wet or dry. Join me as I explore the most spectacular scenery on our planet - the Highlands of Earth. ⛰🏔🗻 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉0:00 Opening Montage 👉1:01 Introduction and Titles 👉2:09 Altitude and Temperature 👉3:05 Effect of Altitude on Biomes 👉4:55 Polar Ice 👉6:36 Subarctic Highland Tundra 👉7:20 Wet Temperate Highland Biomes 👉8:49 Dry Highland Biomes 👉10:11 Tropical Montane Forest and Moorland 👉13:40 Mount Kilimanjaro - The World In Miniature 👉14:45 Outro ⛰🏔🗻 As one rises in altitude, the air temperature drops. So when you take a sea-level biome, and climb into the mountains, this has the effect of pushing the biome toward the poles in equivalent latitude. For instance, broadleaf forest in temperate latitudes turns to coniferous forest like taiga. ⛰🏔🗻 At the poles, the ice at sea-level is just more ice at altitude. But in the arctic tundra, only small rises in altitude lead us into ice glaciers. The subarctic boreal forest will turn to tundra and then ice over relatively small hills, as a tree-line develops. Above this tree-line, found in most biomes, the summer temperatures are insufficient to permit tree-growth. ⛰🏔🗻 In temperate latitudes, wet biomes such as grassland and broadleaf or mixed forest turn to coniferous forests on mountain slopes, and above the tree line, alpine meadows, and then glaciers if the mountains are particularly high. A similar pattern occurs in dry biomes such as scrub or semi-desert, in that slopes are forested as less evapotranspiration in the cooler temperatures permits the growth of trees over shrubs. Only very dry deserts such as the Atacama or the heart of the Sahara skip the forested layer as conditions are too dry even for trees to grow in the cooler upland areas. ⛰🏔🗻 But it's in the tropics that we find the most interesting effects on biomes at altitude. For here there are low variations in seasonal temperatures, and this leads to unique species of trees, succulents, palms etc. to grow within and above the now very high treeline. ⛰🏔🗻 FURTHER READING: Additional charts, maps and images along with the narrative script - click here: 👉 https://geodiode.com/biomes/highlands ⛰🏔🗻 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ http://geodiode.com/biomes/highlands#credits ⛰🏔🗻 Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Research and Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

Microclimates - dramatic shifts in temperature, rainfall or both over just a few kilometers or miles. How are these sudden shifts possible. In this video I look at the five basic types of microclimates, with a particular focus on how closeness to the ocean can impact. 🕐CHAPTERS🕖 👉0:00 Introduction and Titles 👉2:17 Definition 👉2:43 Five Basic Causes 👉3:00 Plant Cover 👉3:53 Built Environment 👉4:22 Slope Direction 👉6:02 Proximity to Ocean 👉6:44 Frost Free Oceanic Climate 👉7:53 Trade Wind Island 👉9:25 Cold Ocean Meets Hot Land 👉12:05 Outro The five basic causes of Microclimates are plant cover (cooling within forests), built environment (urban heat islands), whether a slope faces north or south, altitude changes, and the proximity of ocean water. The last of these has the most interesting effects, and I break this down further into frost-free Oceanic climates that enable the growth of subtropical and tropical plant species such as palms, in places like England and Scotland, specifically the Scilly Isles, Torquay and Plockton. The second oceanic effect occurs in subtropical and tropical islands that are subject to trade winds, and here we find that one side of the island can be lush while the other is scrub or desert. I take a detailed look at windward and leeward slopes in Hawaii and Gran Canaria of the Canary Islands. The last oceanic effect occurs when we have a hot coastal area next to cold ocean, as occurs in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic oceans, with California having the most well-known effects. I look in detail at how this affects the 30 million residents of the San Francisco Bay and Greater Los Angeles areas. - - FURTHER READING 💻📚✏️ Additional charts, maps and images along with the narrative script - click here: 👉 https://geodiode.com/climate/microclimates - - 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ 👉 https://geodiode.com/climate/microclimates#credits -- Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Research and Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1raaXFgsFBSFR8qNgchF2g/about

An archipelago of 7,600 islands, where South-East Asia meets the Pacific. The Philippine Islands are the large islands of Luzon and Mindanao, and the collection of smaller islands between, known as the Visayas, with Palawan far to the west. 🇵🇭 🕐TIMESTAMPS🕖 👉 0:00 Opening Montage 👉 1:03 Introduction and Titles 👉 2:07 History 👉 6:55 Current Affairs and Government 👉 10:17 Physical Geography 👉 14:51 Human Geography 👉 18:22 Economy 👉 20:35 Culture 👉 22:45 Summary and Outro Being on the boundary of several tectonic plates, the Philippines is home to many active volcanoes, including the current Mount Mayon eruption and the Mount Taal eruption. The eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 was the second largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century. The Philippines is also in the path of almost every Pacific Typhoon, and Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in 2013 Leyte resulted in thousands losing their lives and millions homeless. 🇵🇭 The climate of the Philippines is tropical, with a Tropical Rainforest climate in the east, a Tropical Monsoon climate in central areas and a Tropical Savannah climate in the far west, and sheltered parts of Luzon. 🇵🇭 Manila is the national capital, and home to almost one-third of the country's estimated 110 million population. Cebu City and Davao City are the two other large population centers. 🇵🇭 Filipinos (known locally as Pinoys) are a unique blend of Austronesian Island people with Spanish names that speak American English, as a result of the Philippines being ruled during colonial times by Spain and the USA. Because of their connections with the USA, many Filipinos or their sons and daughters have gone on to famous careers in entertainment, such as Lea Salonga, Lou Diamond Phillips, apl.de.ap, Arnel Pineda, Enrique Iglesias and Monique Lhuillier. Their most famous sports champion is undoubtedly Manny Pacquiao, the only boxer in history to win a championship in eight weight categories. 🇵🇭 Most Filipinos are Catholic, a result of centuries of missionary work during the Spanish colonial period. Despite colonialism, however, all Filipinos speak one or more of the 180 native languages and dialects, with Tagalog and Cebuano making up half of all speakers. The Filipino language (along with English) is the official language, and is a standardised form of Tagalog. 🇵🇭 More than 10% of Filipinos live and work abroad in an attempt to overcome the difficult economic situation for most in the country. Most merchant ships around the world have majority Filipino crews, while the women find work as domestic maids, nannies and nurses. Many Filipinas look abroad to marry and succeed as many Western men admire them for their famous beauty. 🇵🇭 The economy of the Philippines is about one-third agriculture, with rice being the main subsistence crop. Electronics and high tech have recently made in-roads and are now the largest exports. Government corruption, and poor infrastructure, however, hold back the country from fulfilling its potential, where neighbours like Malaysia and Taiwan have succeeded. This corruption reached its height during the rule of Ferdinand Marcos, and his wife Imelda Marcos, who had a collection of thousands of shoes from the embezzlement of the public purse, while millions lived in poverty. 🇵🇭 📷📹🎥 VIDEO & PHOTO CREDITS ❤️❤️❤️ https://geodiode.com/nse/philippines#credits Please support the development of this channel by remembering to 👍 Like, 🔁 Share and 🔴 Subscribe. You can also support the production of series like this by becoming a monthly sponsor with Patreon for as little as $2/month 👉 https://patreon.com/geodiode 🥰 Media Procurement Assistance: Richard Torres Narrated, Written and Produced by B.J.Ranson You can contact me via the website at 👉 https://geodiode.com/contact Or you can send an email via this Youtube Channel page 👉 https://www.youtube.com/c/geodiode1/about