Dr. John Campbell

Therapeutic Goods administration January 2021 https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/foi-2389-06.pdf

Therapeutic Goods administration January 2021 https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/foi-2389-06.pdf Page 4 “Almost similar microscopic lung inflammation was observed in both challenged control and immunised animals (macaques) after the peak of infection (Days 7/8)” Challenged with infection, (unvaccinated) control animals Almost similar microscopic lung inflammation Challenged with infection, immunized (vaccinated) animals Almost similar microscopic lung inflammation Page 4 “There are no distribution and degradation data on the S antigen-encoding mRNA.” A new therapy that uses an intra-cellular pathway to use intracellular ribosomes We know from page 45 the lipid nanoparticles are systemically distributed, But the spike protein that the RNA produces, distribution not tested No data on how long the spike protein persists Page 5 “Antibodies and T cells in monkeys declined quickly over 5 weeks after the second dose of BNT162b2 (V9), raising concerns over long term immunity” Page 6 – A few unknowns were identified by the TGA “Short term protection studies, lack of pharmacokinetic data for the S antigen-encoding mRNA (BNT162b2 V9), suboptimal dosing interval in the repeat dose study, lack of repeat dose toxicity studies in a second species, and genotoxicity studies with the novel excipients, (a substance formulated alongside the active ingrediants) and lack of studies investigating potential for autoimmune diseases were noted.” Page 6 – Unknown go on “Long term immunity, vaccine induced autoimmune diseases were not studied in the nonclinical program” Page 8 “BNT162b2 immunisation also induced proinflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18, in addition to IFN-γ, in splenocytes.” Page 9 “One study found that among people who had recovered from COVID-19, 100% had S protein-specific CD4+ T cells in the circulation and 70% had S protein-specific CD8+ T cells in the circulation

TGA Pfizer document https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/foi-2389-06.pdf Tissue distribution (lipid nanoparticles encapsulation RNA) (Page 44) Rats after i.m. vaccine injection The concentration of radioactive lipid marker reached the peak level in plasma (8.9 μg lipid eqv/mL), between 1 – 4 h post-dose, and distribution mainly into liver, adrenal glands, spleen and ovaries over 48 h Concentrations were higher in plasma than in blood, with mean blood: plasma ratios of 0.5 – 0.6. DISTRIBUTION (page 40) The distribution of LNP-BNT162b2 (V9) mRNA or expressed S protein was not studied. Table 4-2. Mean concentration of radioactivity (sexes combined) in tissue and blood following a single IM dose of 50 μg mRNA/rat (page 45) Mean total radioactivity was greatest at the injection site followed by the liver, with much lower total recovery in spleen, adrenal glands and ovaries The tissue distribution pattern was similar in 100 μg mRNA/animal dose group as noted above for 50 μg mRNA/animal dose, with highest distribution into liver, adrenal glands and spleen. Conclusions Slow but significant distribution of lipid nanoparticles from the site of injection with major uptake into liver. Minor distribution in spleen, adrenal glands and ovaries over 48 h. Mean blood:plasma ratios of 0.5-0.6 indicating nanoparticles mainly present in plasma fraction of blood with peak concentrations in plasma at approx. 2 h post-dose.

Australian Government document on Pfizer vaccine dated January 2021 with Senator Rennick. Thank you Senator. https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/foi-2389-06.pdf

Just what is going on in this video?

The Incidence of Myocarditis and Pericarditis in Post COVID-19 Unvaccinated Patients-A Large Population-Based Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35456309/ The authors declare no conflict of interest. Myocarditis and pericarditis are potential post-acute cardiac sequelae of COVID-19 infection, arising from adaptive immune responses. We aimed to study the incidence of post-acute COVID-19 myocarditis and pericarditis. Retrospective cohort study N = 196,992 adults after COVID-19 infection Clalit Health Services members in Israel March 2020 and January 2021 The control cohort (no infection) N = 590,976 adults Age- and sex-matched COVID infection cohort Nine post-COVID-19 patients developed myocarditis (0.0046%) Eleven patients were diagnosed with pericarditis (0.0056%). Non- COVID infection cohort 27 patients had myocarditis (0.0046%) 52 had pericarditis (0.0088%) Age adjusted hazard ratio 0.96 95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 1.00 Male sex, aHR 4.42; were associated with myocarditis Male sex aHR 1.93; were associated with pericarditis Post COVID-19 infection was not associated with either myocarditis or pericarditis aHR 1.08; for myocarditis aHR 0.53; for myocarditis We did not observe an increased incidence of neither pericarditis nor myocarditis in adult patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. Myocarditis and pericarditis (21st March 2022) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-vaccination-myocarditis-and-pericarditis-information-for-healthcare-professionals/information-for-healthcare-professionals-on-myocarditis-and-pericarditis-following-covid-19-vaccination In 2017 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circ.140.suppl_1.11463 About 2,000 hospital admissions for myocarditis Two-thirds of cases were in men Median age for men, 33 Mostly viral https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/4/603 Presentation of acute myocarditis Subclinical disease too, heart failure, chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations and fatigue. Dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure Sudden death syndrome https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033062009000966?via%3Dihub Myocarditis implicated in 12% of sudden deaths under the age of 40 Acute pericarditis Often similar presentation Some concurrent myocardial involvement (myopericarditis) Constrictive pericarditis is uncommon https://heart.bmj.com/content/101/14/1159 Can myocarditis or pericarditis be caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) infection? It is now recognised that COVID-19 infection can lead to myocarditis or pericarditis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34516657/ Professional athletes are an atypical group Published online 2021 May 27 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160916/ 1,597 athletes with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (March 1, 2020, through December 15, 2020) 0.31% were diagnosed with myocarditis using a symptom-based screening 2.3% were diagnosed with clinical or subclinical myocarditis using cardiac magnetic resonance screening Is there an association of myocarditis or pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination? Many studies have now shown that there is an increased risk of myocarditis following vaccination with an mRNA vaccine, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2110737 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7027e2.htm https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2109730 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/myocarditis-and-pericarditis-after-covid-19-vaccination especially in young men under the age of 40. Many of the studies have only limited follow up ……

Is there a Link between the 2021 COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Europe and 2022 Excess All-Cause Mortality? https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202302.0350/v1 (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences). Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflict of interest. We primarily study a possible link between 2021 COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Europe, and monthly 2022 excess all-cause mortality, (i.e., mortality higher than before the pandemic) Analyses of 31 countries, Jan to September, 2022 31 EU member states, plus Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland All-cause mortality, increased more the higher the 2021 vaccination uptake Countries with more covid vaccines in 2021 had higher excess mortality in first 9 months of 2022 Positive correlation between vaccination in 2021 and excess deaths in 2022 A one percentage point increase in 2021 vaccination uptake, was associated with a monthly mortality increase in 2022 by 0.105% (95% CI, 0.075-0.134). When controlling for alternative explanations The association remained robust 2021 all-cause mortality Was lower the higher the vaccination uptake Inverse correlation between previous covid vaccination and all-cause mortality in 2021 (this association became non-significant when controlling for alternative explanations) Eurostat https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_mexrt/default/table?lang=en. EU experienced excess all-cause mortality in the first nine months of 2022 COVID-19 vaccination has prevented SARS- CoV-2-related hospital admission and deaths Lancet (5th May 2021) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33964222/ BMJ (13th May 2021) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33985964/ COVID-19 vaccination has side effects such as myocarditis and pericarditis JAMA Cardiology (1st June 2022) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35442390/ JAMA (25th Jan 2022) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35076665/ A recent study falsified a suspected association between the two diagnoses and COVID-19 virus infection Journal of Clinical Medicine (15th April 2022) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35456309/ Post COVID-19 infection was not associated with either myocarditis or pericarditis Vaccination uptake is the percentage of the total population that has received a “primary course” by week 52, 2021. The interaction between vaccination up- take and time passed in months since the beginning of 2022 is strongly significant and implies that the mortality increases the higher the vaccination uptake. Potential reverse causality Could the excess mortality have caused the increase in vaccinations? Concerning alternative explanations We controlled for average all-cause mortality in 2020 and 2021, divided by the average between 2016 and 2019 Relatively low mortality at one period is followed by relatively high mortality later, and vice versa. We still observed a significant association between 2021 vaccination uptake and the 2022 monthly increase in all-cause mortality. Concerning ecological fallacy We are cautious about making individual-level inferences from our nation-level findings. Excess mortality, delayed diagnosis or medical treatment We cannot see that the issues have been more prevalent in high-vaccination vs. low-vaccination countries. I.e., we do not expect delayed diagnosis or medical treatment during COVID-19 to substantially have induced omitted variable bias.

With professor Tim Spector

The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 https://www.nature.com/articles/S41591-020-0820-9 https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11582583/Elon-Musk-slams-Fauci-infamous-science-quote-refuted-criticism-COVID-policy.html

Europe excess deaths https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_mexrt/default/bar?lang=en Our world in data, excess deaths https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline?time=2022-08-14..latest&country=AUS~CAN~NZL~NLD~GBR~USA~IRL On 5th March 2023, v 5 year average, all ages https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/excess-mortality-p-scores-average-baseline?tab=table&time=2022-08-14..latest&country=AUS~CAN~NZL~NLD~GBR~USA~IRL Australia, 16% Brazil, 10% Canada, 2% Ireland, 31% Netherlands, 6% NZ, 13% Scotland, 5% UK, 3% US, 2% Bulgaria, - 20% Czechia, - 6% Germany, - 1% Poland, - 10% Sweden, -13% UK, ONS (14th March) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/conditionsanddiseases/articles/coronaviruscovid19latestinsights/deaths UK, Week ending 3 March 2023 562 deaths involving COVID-19 registered Deaths involving COVID-19 accounted for 4.1% of all deaths 13,593 deaths were registered in the UK 7.1% above the five-year average. Excess deaths, March 2020 to December 2022 Above the five-year average in 18 out of 34 months Excess deaths, all causes, England and Wales = 167,356 103,585 were male 63,770 were female

Mosquito net distribution in Uganda, donations to this project, https://www.buymeacoffee.com/awmedicalvideos More videos from this project, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzsLklGgOttU3Se-WGLp7ow Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dad2.12404 Alberta, Canada Known association, vitamin D deficiency, incident dementia https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-015-0063-7 Role of supplementation is unclear. Prospectively study Associations, vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia N = 12,388 dementia-free people (from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center) Methods Baseline exposure to vitamin D was considered D+ No exposure prior to dementia onset was considered D− MCI and depression were both more frequent in the D− group, compared to D+ People taking vitamin D had less MCI and less depression Adjusted for age, sex, education, race, cognitive diagnosis, depression, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4. Potential interactions between exposure and model covariates were explored. Results Across all formulations, vitamin D exposure was associated with significantly longer dementia-free survival, and lower dementia incidence rate than no exposure Hazard ratio = 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.65) Vitamin D exposure was associated with 40% lower dementia incidence versus no exposure. Over 10 year follow up of 12,388 2,696 participants progressed to dementia Among them the 2,696 2,017 (74.8%) had no exposure to vitamin D 679 (25.2%) had baseline exposure Exposure to vitamin D was associated with significantly higher dementia-free survival 5-year survival for D− was 68.4% 5-year survival for D+ was 83.6% The effect of vitamin D on incidence rate differed significantly, Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in females versus males Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in normal cognition versus mild cognitive impairment. Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in apolipoprotein E ε4 non-carriers versus carriers. Vitamin D effects were less significantly apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. (25% one copy, 3% two copies) Vitamin D has potential for dementia prevention, especially in the high-risk strata. Vitamin D deficiency, worldwide prevalence of up to 1 billion. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523119277?via%3Dihub Mechanism of action https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-020-0558-y Vitamin D is known to participate in the clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and may provide neuroprotection against Aβ-induced tau hyperphosphorylation (neurofibrillary tangles) Cholecalciferol may be more effective than ergocalciferol

Download free, posters and my text books, https://drjohncampbell.co.uk/ Oxford University https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/10/scientists-dismissed-covid-lab-leak-theory-feared-ban-high-risk/ Anton van der Merwe, professor, molecular immunology Wuhan researchers were importing bat coronaviruses, had applied for grants to increase their infectiousness (gain-of-function research) False impression given in journals https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30418-9/fulltext We stand together to strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin. Bob Seely MP It’s pathetic You have this unholy and unethical alliance of scientists working together through highly influential publications effectively to kibosh what may be a scientific truth, and get it pushed into the realms of conspiracy theory. We need to be asking tough questions about the origins, otherwise who knows what virus will be released next, through incompetence and ambition and how many more millions it will be killing. This is not some political game. We’ve got to find out where this thing came from. If you had a virus that suddenly emerged a few hundred yards from Porton Down, this country would never be able to get away with it. (Or a few miles from Camp Detrick, Maryland) Anton van der Merwe, professor, molecular immunology The conflict arises from the fact the researchers perform, and want to continue to perform, precisely the sorts of experiment that make a lab leak much more likely. These include gain-of-function experiments, where they investigate whether they can enable, by genetic modification, an animal virus to infect human cells. It is argued that this could help us identify potentially dangerous organisms in the wild and so prevent a pandemic. This seems unlikely. What is more likely is that these organisms will infect those doing the experiments, who could unwittingly spread the virus to the community, and possibly the whole world little justification for doing such experiments, except scientific curiosity and the desire for prestige US position, Wuhan Institute of Virology Case will be proved soon Senate unanimously passed bill last week https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/03/10/joe-biden-forced-declassify-intelligence-covid-19-origins/ https://www.foxnews.com/politics/house-dems-gop-vote-unanimously-declassify-covid-origins-intel-send-bill-biden House of Representatives Republicans and Democrats voted, 419 – 0 Require Director of National Intelligence (Avril Haines) to declassify all intelligence That includes, activities performed by the Wuhan Institute of Virology with or on behalf of the People’s Liberation Army coronavirus research or other related activities performed at the Wuhan Institute of Virology prior to the outbreak of Covid-19 WIV workers who got sick 90 days could be allowed after passing a bill Department of Energy and the FBI House Permanent Select Intelligence Committee Chairman Mike Turner The American public deserves answers to every aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic, including how this virus was created and specifically, whether it was a natural occurrence of was the result of a lab-related event Dr Robert Redfield former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention I still believe today that the data indicates that the outbreak of Covid 19 was more likely the result of a lab leak than as a result of a natural spillover event Representative Greg Murphy Believes Dr. Anthony Fauci, knew it came from the Wuhan lab and tried to cover it up. In January of 2020, Dr. Fauci received emails that promulgated that COVID-19 looked engineered and not from the wild, Yet three weeks later, to save his own skin, he commissioned a scientific paper which ‘debunked’ the lab theory. He was academically and intellectually dishonest. The truth is that Dr. Fauci and his institution funneled hundreds of thousands of dollars of taxpayer money to promote dangerous gain-of-function research at the Wuhan Institute of Virology without proper guardrails Rep. Jim Himes There’s not one iota of evidence for any of that (Still wants evidence released) At every juncture, the People's Republic of China government has obfuscated and obstructed legitimate inquiries and investigations into the origins of the disease China’s approach has been deeply irresponsible and dangerous to global public health Mr Hancock Asked to remove passages from Pandemic Diaries Questioned the official Chinese version https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/09/wuhan-lab-leak-theory-back-frame-no-10-vows-not-discount/ Simon Case, Cabinet Secretary Concerns, they would cause problems could damage national security Cabinet Office Entirely coincidental that Covid-19 was discovered close to a Chinese government laboratory. Spokesman for Rishi Sunak The UK wants to see a robust, transparent and science-led review and believes all possibilities remain on the table until that is concluded. (if evidence is presented by the World Health Organisation)

Covid-19: insights gained, lessons unheeded. Direct link to professor Clancy’s Quadrant articles. https://quadrant.org.au/writer/robert-clancy/ Professor Robert Clancy is a consultant physician, immunologist, emeritus professor of pathology, doctor of science, doctor of philosophy, author, communicator, and teacher of medicine. Robert holds the Order of Australia decoration. Direct link to professor Clancy’s Quadrant articles. https://quadrant.org.au/writer/robert-clancy/

Superb review from Marc Girardot on inadvertent intravenous administration of vaccines. This evidence and analysis demands a response from regulators around the world. If this is not forthcoming, I consider the regulators negligent. Follow Marc on Substack, https://substack.com/profile/7635404-marc-girardot When and How Can Vaccine Particles Hurt You? - A Visualisation Exercise https://covidmythbuster.substack.com/p/when-and-how-can-vaccine-particles Or Twitter, https://twitter.com/GirardotMarc Complications of injectable testosterone undecanoate in routine clinical practice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25637074/ https://academic.oup.com/ejendo/article-abstract/172/5/511/6660844?login=false Covid myth buster series https://covidmythbuster.substack.com Intravenous Injection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccine Can Induce Acute Myopericarditis in Mouse Model https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34406358/ Thrombocytopenia and splenic platelet-directed immune responses after IV ChAdOx1 nCov-19 administration https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35486845/ Induction of shock after intravenous injection of adenovirus vectors: a critical role for platelet-activating factor https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19953082/ Intravenous administration of recombinant adenoviruses causes thrombocytopenia, anemia and erythroblastosis in rabbits https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10738553/ A Prospective Study of the Incidence of Myocarditis/Pericarditis and New Onset Cardiac Symptoms following Smallpox and Influenza Vaccination https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368609/

Great discussion with Suneel on the acute phases of the pandemic

ovid not deadly enough to fast-track vaccines, Chris Whitty advised ministers Chief Medical Officer gave opinion in February 2020 after Dominic Cummings mentioned Israel was planning to inoculate population https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/07/covid-not-deadly-enough-fast-track-vaccines-chris-whitty-advised/ Prof Sir Chris Whitty told Matt Hancock Diseases with a mortality rate in the range of 1% would need a “very safe” vaccine the necessary clinical trials would be a “rate limiting step”. May 2021 Mr Cummings Told a Covid group of MPs “unarguable” that the vaccine trials process should have happened more quickly. Taken “literally hours” for a vaccine to be invented in January 2020 Government should have recruited 5,000-10,000 for human challenge trials (Human challenge trials started in January 2021) Preparing for a successful spring 2023 COVID-19 booster campaign https://www.england.nhs.uk/long-read/preparing-for-a-successful-spring-2023-covid-19-booster-campaign/ Booster campaign in England, April 17 to June 30. Adults aged 75 years and over Residents in a care home for older adults Individuals aged 5 years and over who are immunosuppressed Vaccination, six months after previous dose Millions now able to book their autumn booster (7 September 2022) https://www.england.nhs.uk/2022/09/millions-now-able-to-book-their-autumn-booster/ Resident Jean Rosebuck said: “I wanted the vaccine so it doesn’t go around the carers and other residents”. Fellow resident Tom Spinks, 80, said: “I wanted to get the booster because it keeps everyone safe and gives me peace of mind”. What about the CDC? https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#datatracker-home

Matt Hancock's plan to ‘frighten the pants off everyone’ about Covid https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/04/project-fear-covid-lockdown-files-matt-hancock-whatsapp/ How health secretary hoped to shock public into complying with ever-changing lockdown rules How Matt Hancock sought to hog the Covid vaccine limelight https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/05/matt-hancock-triumph-covid-vaccine-lockdown-files-whatsapp/ Matt Hancock chose saving face over ending unnecessary ‘pingdemic’ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/05/chris-whitty-matt-hancock-covid-isolation-pingdemic-whatsapp/ At points, 600,000 pinged per week (who had been in close proximity to a Covid case) Policy resulted in more than 20 million people being told to self-isolate, regardless of whether they had symptoms. At that stage, the self-isolation period was 14 days. Fortnight-long quarantine applied to both contacts of Covid cases and returning travellers. A month later isolation period was reduced to 10 days Scheme not scrapped until Feb 2022 Matt Hancock jokes about Bill Gates https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2023/03/05/matt-hancock-joke-bill-gates-covid-vaccine-conspiracy-theory/ New Variant Assessment Platform (NVAP) Offered UK expertise to assess new variants around the world Many conspiracy theories, were said to have been spread on by pro-Kremlin outlets. Mr Gates did not, in the event, endorse the New Variant Assessment Platform.

Authors' conclusions Hand hygiene is likely to modestly reduce the burden of respiratory illness, Harms associated with physical interventions were under‐investigated There is a need for large, well‐designed RCTs addressing the effectiveness of many of these interventions in multiple settings and populations, as well as the impact of adherence on effectiveness, especially in those most at risk of ARIs. Physical measures, prevent respiratory viruses spreading between people https://www.cochrane.org/CD006207/ARI_do-physical-measures-such-hand-washing-or-wearing-masks-stop-or-slow-down-spread-respiratory-viruses Washing hands often RCTs on hand washing = 19 N = 71,210 Wearing masks, eye protection, gloves, and protective gowns RCTs on masks = 78 No RCTs on gowns and gloves Wiping surfaces with disinfectant 6 trials Avoiding contact with other people (isolation or quarantine) 3 RCTs Not touching your eyes, nose, or mouth No RCTs Sneezing or coughing into your elbow No RCTs Keeping a certain distance away from other people (distancing) Examining people entering a country for signs of infection (screening) No RCTs on examining people on entry Hand hygiene interventions versus controls (i.e. no intervention) Pooling for the broad outcome of ARI 14% relative reduction in the number of people with ARIs in the hand hygiene group RR 0.86, (0.81 to 0.90) 9 trials, n = 52,105 moderate‐certainty evidence, suggesting a probable benefit. In absolute terms A reduction from 380 events per 1000 people, to 327 per 1000 people. Using more strictly defined outcomes of ILI Estimates of effect for ILI RR 0.94 11 trials, n = 34,503 low‐certainty evidence Beneficial effect was not statistically significant if ILI, and laboratory-confirmed ILI were analysed separately Laboratory‐confirmed influenza RR 0.91 8 trials, n = 8,332 low‐certainty evidence, suggest the intervention made little or no difference. Composite (pooled) outcome ARI or ILI or influenza Hand hygiene may be beneficial with an 11% relative reduction of respiratory illness RR 0.89 low‐certainty evidence In absolute terms This benefit would result in a reduction from 200 events per 1000 people, to 178 per 1000 people Few trials measured and reported harms very low‐certainty evidence. Surface/object disinfection compared to control Numbers of cases of viral respiratory illness (ARIs, ILI, confirmed influenza) Six trials A significant reduction in ARI in the intervention group OR 0.47 (53% benefit)

The pooled results of RCTs did not show a clear reduction in respiratory viral infection with the use of medical/surgical masks. There were no clear differences between the use of medical/surgical masks compared with N95/P2 respirators in healthcare workers, when used in routine care to reduce respiratory viral infection. Do physical measures such as hand-washing or wearing masks stop or slow down the spread of respiratory viruses? https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub6/full Evidence published up to October 2022. Background Influenza (H1N1) caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus in 2009 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Update of a Cochrane Review last published in 2020. We include results from studies from the current COVID-19 pandemic. Main results 11 new RCTs and cluster-RCTs n = 610,872 Bringing the total number of RCTs to 78 Medical/surgical masks compared to no masks Wearing masks in the community probably makes little or no difference to the outcome of influenza‐like illness wearing a mask may make little to no difference in how many people caught a flu-like illness/COVID-like illness Risk ratio (RR) 0.95, (0.84 to 1.09) 9 trials, n = 276,917 participants Moderate-certainty evidence. Wearing masks in the community probably makes little or no difference to the outcome of laboratory-confirmed influenza/SARS-CoV-2 RR 1.01, (CI 0.72 to 1.42) 6 trials, n = 13,919 Moderate-certainty evidence Harms were rarely measured and poorly reported (very low-certainty evidence). N95/P2 respirators compared to medical/surgical masks We pooled trials comparing N95/P2 respirators with medical/surgical masks We are very uncertain on the effects of N95/P2 respirators compared with medical/surgical masks on the outcome of clinical respiratory illness Compared with wearing medical or surgical masks, wearing N95/P2 respirators probably makes little to no difference in how many people have confirmed flu and may make little to no difference in how many people catch a flu-like illness, or respiratory illness. Confirmed influenza RR 0.70, (0.45 to 1.10) N = 7,779 Very low-certainty evidence Influenza like illness N95/P2 respirators compared with medical/surgical masks may be effective for ILI RR 0.82 N= 8,407 Low-certainty evidence The use of a N95/P2 respirators compared to medical/surgical masks Probably makes little or no difference for laboratory-confirmed influenza infection RR 1.10 N = 8,407 Moderate-certainty evidence Restricting pooling to healthcare workers made no difference to the overall findings. Harms were poorly measured and reported Discomfort wearing medical/surgical masks or N95/P2 respirators was mentioned in several studies Very low-certainty evidence One new RCT Medical/surgical masks were non-inferior to N95 respirators N = 1,009 healthcare workers in four countries, providing direct care to COVID-19 patients.

March 7, 2020 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30418-9/fulltext A group that has been involved in China at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, which some saw as a conflict of interest The rapid, open, and transparent sharing of data on this outbreak is now being threatened by rumours and misinformation around its origins. We stand together to strongly condemn conspiracy theories suggesting that COVID-19 does not have a natural origin. 17th March, 2020, Patrick Vallance shuts down debate UK experts helped shut down Covid lab leak theory https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/11/23/uk-experts-helped-shut-covid-lab-leak-theory-weeks-told-might/ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/11/23/uk-experts-helped-shut-covid-lab-leak-theory-weeks-told-might/ https://www.nature.com/articles/S41591-020-0820-9 Natural spillover event caused the pandemic, was hugely instrumental in stifling debate into the origins of the virus. By the time the paper was published, all reference to biosecurity problems in Wuhan had been removed April 18, 2020, President Trump a lot of people are looking into the possibility of a lab leak, the theory seems to make sense Dr. Anthony Fauci the virus’ mutations are consistent with a jump of a species from an animal to a human. 4th June, 2020, Sir Richard Dearlove, former head, MI6 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/coronavirus-chinese-laboratory-wuhan-mi6-richard-dearlove-conspiracy-theories-a9547851.html Seen a scientific report by a British-Norwegian team indicating that the virus was man-made January 15, 2021 https://2017-2021.state.gov/fact-sheet-activity-at-the-wuhan-institute-of-virology/index.html State Department fact sheet Some researchers at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, became sick in fall 2019, three researchers were hospitalized before the first coronavirus case was reported. February 9, 2021 World Health Organization team the possibility that the virus escaped from a lab in Wuhan extremely unlikely February 9, 2021 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02596-2 Close relative of SARS-CoV-2 found in bats in Thailand, China and Laos 27th May, 2021, Facebook ends ban on posts claiming Covid is man made https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/05/26/joe-biden-demands-follow-up-investigation-covid-origins-wuhan/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTxQCOj1W8g Had been blocking what it called harmful misinformation Three scientists from Wuhan Institute of Virology, hospitalised in November 2019, symptoms consistent with Covid. May 26, 2021, President Biden Orders an intelligence review June 3, 2021, Dr. Fauci Change of tune? the most likely origin is from an animal species to a human but I keep an absolutely open mind that there may be other origins it could have been a lab leak July 20, 2021 Dr. Fauci and Sen. Rand Paul Gain of function? National Institutes of Health https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/nih-director/statements/statement-misinformation-about-sars-cov-2-origins Viruses studied with federal funding in China were genetically far distant from SARS-CoV-2. Entire Wuhan Institute virus database taken offline on 12 September 2019 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-000608_EN.html https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349073738_An_investigation_into_the_WIV_databases_that_were_taken_offline On 12 September 2019 the Wuhan Institute of Virology, took its entire virus database offline The renewed publication of this virus database would be an important step towards clarifying the origin of the current ‘corona pandemic’. October 27, 2022, Senate Republicans https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/report_an_analysis_of_the_origins_of_covid-19_102722.pdf most likely research-related incident at a lab in China February 26, 2023 The Wall Street Journal and New York Times report the Department of Energy IC remains divided on the most likely origin of COVID-19 The IC judges they will be unable to provide a more definitive explanation for the origin of COVID-19, unless new information allows them to determine the specific pathway for initial natural contact with an animal, or to determine that a laboratory in Wuhan was handling SARS- CoV-2 or a close progenitor virus before COVID-19 emerged. The IC—and the global scientific community—lacks clinical samples or a complete understanding of epidemiological data from the earliest COVID-19 cases. If we obtain information on the earliest cases that identified a location of interest or occupational exposure, it may alter our evaluation of hypotheses. China’s cooperation most likely would be needed to reach a conclusive assessment of the origins of COVID-19.

US Energy department, most likly https://nypost.com/2023/02/26/chinese-lab-leak-likely-behind-covid-19-outbreak/ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/02/26/covid-19-lab-leak-us-energy-department-concludes/ Oversees a network of 17 laboratories, research in advanced biology Overseas biodefence labs Oversees US nuclear weapons program Based on new intelligence, additional study of academic literature, and consultation with experts outside government The Covid-19 pandemic is most likely to have originated from a lab leak Accidental leak low confidence (In 2021, FBI had moderate confidence in a lab leak) Covid-19 was part of a Chinese biological weapons programme, unfounded FBI chief Christopher Wray says China lab leak most likely https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-64806903 FBI Director Christopher Wray The FBI has for quite some time now assessed that the origins of the pandemic are most likely a potential lab incident China has been doing its best to try to thwart and obfuscate efforts to identify the source of the global pandemic. Details of the agency's investigation were classified (FBI has a team of experts focusing on the dangers of biological threats) Review ordered by Mr Biden Intelligence agencies do not agree https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Unclassified-Summary-of-Assessment-on-COVID-19-Origins.pdf We judge the virus was not developed as a biological weapon. Most agencies, low confidence, SARS-CoV-2 probably was not genetically engineered

Past SARS-CoV-2 infection protection against re-infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)02465-5/fulltext Group 1 Past SARS-CoV-2 infection Group 2 No past SARS-CoV-2 infection Effectiveness of past infection by outcome Infection Symptomatic disease Severe disease Findings High levels of protection from infection caused by Alpha, beta, and delta variants Lower levels of protection from infection caused by Omicron BA.1 variant Effectiveness against re-infection with the omicron BA.1 variant Protection against reinfection, 45·3% Protection against omicron BA.1 symptomatic reinfection, 44% Protection against severe disease if reinfected with BA.1 is 88.9% Protection from re-infection with ancestral strains Alpha and delta variants Declined over time 78·6% at 40 weeks Protection against re-infection with omicron BA.1 Declined more rapidly 36·1% at 40 weeks Protection against severe disease at 40 weeks if reinfected Remained high for all variants 90·2% for alpha and delta variants 88·9% for omicron BA.1 Data suggests that the level of protection afforded by previous infection is at least as high, if not higher than that provided by two-dose vaccination using high-quality mRNA vaccines As of June 1, 2022 COVID-19 pandemic had caused an estimated 17·2 million total deaths 6·88 million reported deaths 7·63 billion total infections and re-infections. Between 15th November 2021 and 1st June 2022 3·8 billion people 46% of the global population, have been infected by omicron and sublineages. Understanding needed for Predicting future potential disease burden Designing policies, travel, access to venues Informing choices, vaccines Estimate protection from past infection Systematically synthesise studies 65 studies from 19 countries By variant By time since infection Up to Sept 31, 2022

Professor Fenton brings us up to date on the latest disappointing ONS data on deaths by vaccination status. Come on ONS, you can do better that this. Here is Professor Fenton’s Substack article: https://wherearethenumbers.substack.com/p/the-latest-ons-data-on-deaths-by And his YT channel https://www.youtube.com/@NormanFenton81 The original video link, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JnAiuJaSbY and here is the link to the slides for the talk this evening https://wherearethenumbers.substack.com/api/v1/file/07f14379-e678-48c8-8877-576de53bec0b.pdf

Why is this not being done?