How Al-Qutayba become Consolidation القطیبہ توخارستان پر عربوں کی حکمرانی کا استحکام کیسے بن گیا؟

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How Al-Qutayba was become Consolidation of Arab rule over Tokharistan?

Dekhti Aankhooon aur sountay kaanoon ko Asslamoalaikum, sisters, brothers friends and elders, In this Islamic warrior leaders informative videos, we are describing the process through which Arab rule was consolidated over Tokharistan. We will describe focus on the historical context, the role of influential leaders, and the impact of military campaigns that contributed to this pivotal moment in history. Viewers will gain insights into the lasting effects of Arab governance on the region's culture and society. Please watch complete video and get to know the complexities of this historical narrative.

Success of Qutayba in which he was suppress of the rebellion in lower takharistan was followed however by the rebellion in the autumn of 709 of much of Lower Tokharistan under Nizak of Badhgis. Leaving Qutayba's camp on a pretext of going to Balkh and escaping to his native lands, Nizak quickly managed to gain the support of the principalities of Talaqan and Faryab, and the city of Balkh. In an effort to raise the entire region in revolt, Nizak also forced the nominal suzerain of Tokharistan, the Yabghu, to join the uprising. The year was too advanced for a direct confrontation and the Muslim levy-based army mostly disbanded, but Qutayba ordered his brother Abd al-Rahman to take the garrison of Merv, some 12,000 men, and head to Balkh to secure the Muslim position there. This move proved effective in discouraging the rebellion of more local princes, and in spring 710, Abd al-Rahman was able to re-establish Muslim control over Tokharistan almost without bloodshed. Most of the rebel rulers fled or capitulated, and finally, Nizak was captured with the assistance of some native princes and executed on al-Hajjaj's orders, despite promises of pardon. The Yabghu was exiled to Damascus and kept there as a hostage (possibly with the ruler of Chaghaniyan acting as regent in his stead). Lower Tokharistan was more firmly incorporated into the Caliphate, as Arab district representatives were appointed alongside the local princes, who were gradually relegated to secondary positions. Qutayba's brother Abd al-Rahman was installed with a garrison near Balkh to oversee the affairs of the province. From this point on, Balkh began developing "as a centre of Arab power and Islamic culture", in the words of C. E. Bosworth; within a generation, it was Islamicized to the extent of briefly replacing Marw as the provincial capital of Khurasan.

Despite the swift end of Nizak's revolt, the diversion of Arab resources for its suppression encouraged the king of Shuman and Akharun decided to rebel as well. Qutayba led his forces against him, and captured his citadel after a brief and violent siege. The king fell in battle, and his supporters were executed. Qutayba then marched west over the Iron Gate, taking Kish and Nasaf and visiting Bukhara, where he settled relations between the Arabs and the locals, installed Tughshada in the position of Bukhar Khudah and established an Arab military colony in the city. Later, in 712/13, Qutayba built a mosque in the city's citadel, but although the Arab authorities encouraged the conversion of the native population by paying them to attend prayers, Islamization proceeded slowly.

At the same time, Qutayba had adopted a measure that marked a radical departure from previous practice in the East and had long-term repercussions: the raising of native Khurasani auxiliary levies, usually some ten to twenty thousand strong and mostly composed of non-converts, to supplement the Arab tribal army, the muqatila.[a] This measure was later expanded to include the newly conquered territories in Sogdia and Khwarizm. Gibb suggests that this move may be seen as an answer to the need for more troops to control the conquered territories and continue Muslim expansion, as well as a means of placing the local manpower in Arab service and depleting it at the same time, reducing the risk of anti-Arab revolts. Gibb also suggests that the creation of an indigenous force may have been an attempt by Qutayba to establish a power base of his own. From c.?712, Qutayba also appears to have recruited a special corps, known as the "Archers", from among the Khurasani, Tokharian and Sogdian nobility. Their skill was such that they were known as rum?t al-buduq ("archers who pierce the pupils of the eyes"), and they apparently served as a bodyguard. Among the local Khurasani converts, Hayyan al-Nabati emerged as the foremost leader, and appears frequently in Tabari's account both as the main military leader of the Khurasani conscripts and as chief negotiator with the Sogdians,[26] for example during the 709 treaty with Tarkhun.

So sisters brothers friends and elders, tomorow we are going to described Why Qutayba did Campaign against the Zunbil. Allah hafiz

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