Concepts and terms for IRS response to customary response to "U.S. Citizens" as "fellow-employees" of Federal Government can entangle "nationals" in contracts and relationships rather avoided, and in extreme situations, subject one to charges of "perjury" as the documents are set up to be "authorized" or "signed" subject to perjury. The W-8BEN page at We the People, UnInc. website also reviews concepts and ideas to this end, but as of this posting date, is in need of update for the purpose of illustrations and specific examples for the content to fill out the form. Review that resource here: https://wtpuninc.wordpress.com/2022/04/11/form-w-8ben/ This discussion and education group meets Thursdays, 6:00 p.m. Mountain Standard Time... we're Arizona, with no daylight savings nonsense. Telegram group access and join link: https://t.me/+y4BEx914IaYyNDZh A good primer and resource for such discussions is a review of the "not-so-common" legal-ese use of words you would expect to have a common meaning; but often, not so. You can find that resource on We the People, Uninc. website as post: https://wtpuninc.wordpress.com/2024/01/17/cornerstone-definitions/