Flu Uncovered Causes, Symptoms, management and Precautions

Influenza, often referred to as the flu, is an infectious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. The virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through handshakes. Comprehensive understanding of its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and implementing precautions are essential steps in effectively managing and preventing the spread of this contagious disease.

Causes;
Influenza A and influenza B are responsible for causing seasonal epidemics in the United States and various other regions every winter. Type C usually causes mild respiratory illness.
Some strains of influenza A, such as the H1N1 “bird flu” virus, occasionally infect humans, causing serious illness.
These viruses have the potential to undergo mutations over time. The primary mode of flu transmission is through droplets released when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes.
Symptoms of Flu ;
a high temperature that lasts 3–4 days
a stuffy or runny nose
cold sweats and shivers
aches that may be severe
a headache
fatigue
Not necessarily all the patients will have all of these symptoms. For instance, flu without a fever is possible.
Initially, a person may experience :

a high temperature
a stuffy or runny nose
a dry cough
cold sweats and shivers
aches that may be severe
a headache
fatigue, and a feeling of being unwell
a low appetite
Adults with the following symptoms should get medical advice
urgently:
breathing difficulties
pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
dizziness, confusion, or loss of alertness
seizures
a worsening of other existing health conditions
Children may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
if a child displays the following symptoms, it is crucial to seek emergency medical care:

breathing difficulties
rapid breathing
bluish face or lips
If a child experiences symptoms such as chest pain or noticeable retractions of the ribs during breathing.
Severe aches
Signs of dehydration, such as not urinating for an extended period (e.g., 8 hours).
lack of alertness or interaction with others
a fever above 104°F or any fever in a child under 12 weeks of age
a fever or cough that goes away but then comes back

Diagnosis :
Diagnosing the flu involves your healthcare provider assessing your symptoms and conducting a test on a mucus sample from your nose.
-Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs)
-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Treatment ;
Healthcare providers may administer antiviral medications under specific circumstances, he prescribe antivirals if you:
-Have had symptoms for under 48 hours.
-If you have an underlying condition or are at risk for severe illness.
-Have severe symptoms, even if you’ve been sick for longer than 48 hours.
Antiviral drugs include: Oseltamivir phosphate, Zanamivir, Peramivir.
Consult your healthcare before starting an antiviral medication.
How to manage;
-Getting plenty of rest.
-Staying hydrated
Applying heat packs or hot water bottles .
Taking acetaminophen or NSAIDs .
Utilizing spray or oral decongestants, such as phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine.
For persistent cough, taking dextromethorphan and Expectorants like guaifenesin.
It is advisable to consult with your doctor before using over-the-counter (OTC) medications.
Precautions;
The most effective way to prevent the flu is by receiving the flu vaccine annually.
-Washing your hands frequently with soap
-Covering your nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing
-Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
-wearing a mask
-Avoid touching your face
-Not sharing food or eating utensils with others.

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