There are many species of filefish, with varied appearances. This fan-bellied leatherjacket is member of the filefish family. It was found in the waters of Indonesia, searching the seabed for worms, tunicates, and shrimp. Like other filefishes, it has the capability of changing its colour and texture to match its surroundings. A master of camouflage, it is often found stationary in sea grass or coral, depending on this ability to blend in as a means of escaping predators. The filefish has a spiky fin on the top of its head which it uses to warn other fish when it feels threatened. Often referred to as a "unicorn filefish" it resembles a unicorn when the spine is erect. They can grow up to 40cm (16inches) in length. These fish are beautiful to see and a delight for scuba divers to encounter.

Manta rays are beautiful and graceful creatures that create a sense of awe and wonder among those fortunate enough to get a close look at them!

Few things are as breath taking as a herd of horses running free and happy in the sunshine. These are no ordinary horses and it is no ordinary meadow. Many of these beautiful animals have found their way here after a life of hard work, and in a few cases, a life with care that was less than they deserved. But the wait was worth it as their new life is one of freedom and happiness. The Mane Intent is a horse farm that helps the horses by providing them with a carefree life and the best treatment possible. But more importantly, there is also a beautiful purpose for the horses here. This farm provides equine therapy and a chance for people who have suffered trauma, abuse, or challenge to connect with powerful, yet gentle beasts that help with healing and learning. Many also come here to learn about leadership, establishing boundaries, building teams, and many other aspects of life in a complex world. For the horses, their life is built around a natural existence with very little stress and a dramatic change from their earlier life. They graze contentedly, run when they choose, snooze in the sunshine and socialize with others in the herd. The horses develop bonds and friendships that run deep. Life here is all that these kind souls deserve. This farm provides a unique experience for first responders as they navigate a world full of hurt and pain. Horses can provide an outlet ad a means to process the things that humans were not meant to deal with. For those who come here, the experience is very different and very beneficial. We don't fully understand the reasons that equine therapy is so effective, but few people will deny the healing power of horses. Enjoy the happiness that we see in this beautiful herd as they greet the morning sunshine in their little paradise.

British Columbia is home to one of the most beautiful mountain ranges in the world!

Manta rays are highly intelligent and curious animals. These mantas are magnificent, stretching more than 6m (18 feet) across. Their wingspan is impressive and awe inspiring, as is their gentle nature. Studies have shown that these animals are self aware, recognizing themselves in a reflection. They will even expose parts of their bodies in order to get a look at areas that they are unable to see. These divers were thrilled to have the mantas circle and investigate them with no fear. To have an interaction with a gigantic wild animal on its own terms is an unforgettable experience. Scuba diving leads people into a world of beauty and mystery that we were never meant to see.

Dolomedes spiders, also known as fishing spiders, dock spiders, and "cottage monsters" are unique predators with amazing hunting abilities. They wait by the edge of a lake, pond, or river to ambush small fish that come to the surface. The spiders can detect ripples and then quickly run across the surface of the water. They use their forelimbs that are equipped with claws to hook their prey and inject their prey with venom with their hollow jaws. Fishing spiders are also capable of climbing beneath the surface of the water. The hairs on their bodies trap air bubbles that encase the spiders as they hunt underwater. Because they breath through openings in their abdomens, they can use the trapped air to breathe and stay submerged longer. The fishing spider hunts for mayflies and other insects on the surface of the water, using the water as a web. They can detect ripples and vibrations which indicate where their prey are located. The spider can estimate distance and direction, as well as discern the vibrations given off by predators such as trout. Powerful predators, they are capable of eating fish as large as a small goldfish. They will prey on tadpoles as well. These spiders are similar in appearance to wolf spiders and are often confused with them. They differ in their markings, their eyes, and the fact that wolf spiders carry their young on their backs. Although frighteningly large, they rarely bite people and they help keep the insect population in check. Seeing them around the cottage is actually a good thing for people who don't want to be bitten by horseflies or mosquitos.

Whale sharks are massive creatures that can grow to a whopping 18m (57 feet), topping the scales at an estimated 44,000kg (100,000lbs). To see them in real life creates a sense of awe and wonder. They are giants, but they are truly gentle beasts, virtually incapable of harming a human. Scientists believe that the whale sharks come to the waters near Darwin Island in the Galapagos to give birth. Almost all are pregnant females. But exactly where they do this is a mystery. Very few baby whale sharks have ever been seen. Three ocean currents collide in these waters, bringing an upwelling of nutrients from the deep ocean. This brings the larger fish and the apex predators like sharks. Although the water here is full of plankton and krill, the whale sharks are not here to feed. They are rarely seen with their mouths open as they swim around the island. This whale shark casually cruised through this group of awe-stricken scuba divers, making them look small and insignificant. These giant sharks are truly magnificent.

The easternmost point in North America is a rocky outcropping near St. John's harbour in Newfoundland, Canada. Cape Spear has a history that is as magnificent as the lighthouse that marks it. During the second world war, a gun battery was installed here to guard the significant convoy route and entrance to St. John's harbour. Disappearing gun carriages, barracks, and underground passages were essential for the defence of this harbour. This point was a United States Army General Surveillance Ground Radar Early Warning Station during the second world war. The lighthouse has lit up the entrance to the harbour since 1836. Prior to its completion, a dense fog enveloped the point and the harbour and threatened the safety of an approaching warship with an important passenger. The Governor sent out several pilot boats, one containing a young harbour pilot named James Cantwell. When he successfully guided the warship into the harbour, he was asked to name his reward. He requested the position of lighthouse keeper at the Cape. A keeper had already been hired, but he passed away after ten years of service. Cantwell was given the position at that time and he served proudly for 35 years. Cantwell's son took over next and the tradition of the Cantwell family being the keepers continued for over 50 years. This is now the oldest surviving lighthouse in Newfoundland.

Ostriches are the tallest birds and heaviest of all living birds. They lay the largest eggs of any land animal. They can reach 2.8m in height (9 feet) and weigh up to 150kg (330lbs). They are formidable animals, capable of delivering a kick that will deter even the hungriest of predators. They can run at speeds of 70km/h (43mph), giving them the ability to avoid capture by almost any land animal. The mating ritual of the ostrich is a complex and fascinating sight. They flap their wings rapidly, vibrating their outstretched feathers while swaying rhythmically and vocalizing for the attention of the female. This male ostrich tries as hard as possible to get the attention of his love interest nearby. He wiggles and calls and hopes she will swoon and crouch down on the sand to receive his amorous advances, but she simply ignores him and walks away. Undeterred, he continues his impressive display for more than a minute before walking away defeated. The other females in the areas will surely see that he is rejected and he is best to walk away and try to work on his routine.

Daisy is happy bunny who has just arrived at her new home after being rescued. She had been dumped in an industrial area near a business. There are no homes in this area and it seems impossible that she had simply escaped or wandered off. She seemed to be in need of help and she was wandering around the business and looking for discarded food. One of the workers there, a young man with a soft heart decided to feed her. She eagerly ate the vegetables that he left out for her and she came back daily looking for more. Although she was a little wary, she seemed comfortable enough with humans that it was obvious she had been a pet. With a little food and some time, the young man gained Daisy's trust and he was able to catch her. He took her home and she quickly adapted to her new family. Daisy can be seen here enjoying a carrot treat as she gets settled in. It looks like she is more than happy with the new arrangement. The close up footage of her eating is possibly one of the cutest things you will see today. There are a lot of carrots in Daisy's future!

These two lions are young males, born in the same litter. They are growing quickly and learning how to hunt and survive in this beautiful, but harsh environment. They greet each other with playful affection but there is also a subtle test of the other's resolve as they engage in dominant behaviour. They will soon have to compete with the alpha lion, and each other, or else leave the pride and begin their own pride. Life here in Kenya, and elsewhere in Africa is complex, and it follows a pattern. As the lions grow old enough to challenge the leader of their pride, he will chase them out. But for now, playing in the sunshine and enjoying the companionship of the brotherhood is all that matters. Few things are as majestic as powerful lions, the apex predators on these plains. These lions roam freely on a large swath of land that is protected from hunters and poachers, one of the few threats to a full grown lion. Hyenas will challenge a sick or solitary lion, but even they know that they must be great in number and ready for a ferocious battle to take down one of these big cats.

Galapagos Flamingos are wading birds that can be seen feeding in the shallows and mud flats around alkaline or saline lakes. Flamingos are found in tropical and subtropical areas. They have long legs and a long, curved neck. Galapagos Flamingos reside in the salt-water lagoons hidden in the lava fields behind the coast of the Galapagos Islands. These beautiful birds have a unique bill that allows them to filter the mud and extract the brine shrimp, their primary diet. Their beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume. They use their bills in a uniquely used upside-down manner. They filter the mud using hairy structures called lamellae which line the mandibles and the tongue. Flamingos also feed on small crustaceans. The Galapagos Flamingo reaches 140 centimetres (4.5 feet) in length. Males can weigh up to 2.8 kilograms and females are slightly smaller at 2.2 kilograms. Most of their plumage is pink. Their colour is more vivid than that of the European species. Flamingo calls resemble the honking of a goose. These majestic birds are a beautiful sight to see, especially when they gather in large flocks.

This wrasse lives in the waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands. It has caught a glimpse of a small crab hiding among the rocks. Quick to scurry under cover, the wary crab believes it has found safe refuge under the chunks of lava that scatter the ocean floor. But the fish is not deterred and it is not afraid of a little hard work to get a meal. With surprising coordination, the fish grasps the stones in its mouth and tosses them aside quickly. When the stones are all moved and there is nowhere left to hide, it lunges forward and pins the crab, inhaling it along with a mouthful of crushed sand and stone. As it adjusts and spits out the stones, the crab makes a brief escape. But the crab has been injured and the fish easily catches it as it slowly sinks. The crab is grabbed again and swallowed as the fish swims off, victorious.

Leopards are huge, muscular cats that inhabit many of the grasslands and forests in Africa. They are powerful animals that can prey on ungulates many times their size. Known to take down young giraffes, antelopes, and even fully grown elands, the leopard is highly adaptable to take advantage of available prey. When larger food is unavailable, they will feed on hares and dung beetles. Occasionally, primates and porcupines are consumed by the leopard. During studies, evidence of gorilla consumption was found in leopard scat, although this would be rare due to the ferocity of adult gorillas. Leopards are known for caching food in trees, high off the ground. They are capable of hoisting a carcass that is several times their own body weight. This takes an impressive amount of strength to accomplish. Leopards are swift and formidable hunters, but during observation, it was learned that the majority of hunt attempts are unsuccessful. Leopards often go 1-2 weeks between successful kills. Leopards are vulnerable due to habitat loss and competition with farmers, as well as persecution for their perceived and actual threats to livestock. As human populations increase and development progresses, competition between man and nature will increase the conflict.

Scuba divers in the Cayman Islands explore the waters gazing at beautiful coral and enjoying a peacefulness that is beyond description. Occasionally, they see spectacular animal life as well, such as fish, eels, sharks, and sea turtles. A close look at these animals is always an unforgettable experience. This diver was drifting along looking below him at the sea fans and corals when he noticed a curious hawksbill sea turtle tagging along just behind him. Hawksbill turtles are critically endangered and a rare sight, especially so close. But this prolonged encounter went on for more than ten minutes. The diver turned his camera around and continued to swim. The turtle seems to be keeping an eye out for sponges, one of their favourite foods, but he also seems to enjoy the companionship. Perhaps he was curious about the awkward human making his way over the reef, or maybe he was thinking it was safer to stay close to avoid predators. This is a young hawksbill and a large shark would make an easy meal of it. Hawksbill sea turtles are one of the most beautiful turtles. It is their beauty that brought them top the brink of extinction as their shells were collected for ornate brushes and jewelry. Their numbers plummeted as they were over harvested for shells, meat and eggs. Eggs on the beaches were dug up for consumption for centuries while their numbers dipped almost to the point of terminal population decline. Due to conservation efforts, changing laws, education, and changing attitudes, the hawksbill sea turtles are starting to make a comeback.

Naomy is an exceptional woman who lives in Kenya, Africa. She works incredibly hard on her small farm plot to feed her family and to make ends meet. She does all of this in a world where weather, water shortage, harsh climate, and poverty create challenges that most of us would not even understand. Naomy and Emmanuel have also been using videos to tell stories about their home and their life across the world. These videos have generated enough income to pay for Emmanuel's yearly school fees, his shoes, his school uniform, and even a few groceries. Naomy and Emmanuel have made videos about food, farming, water gathering, animals near their home, the local market, and almost anything that would be interesting to people in other areas of the world. Naomy narrates and explains the challenges of water scarcity, the difficulties in the farming business, and the hope that comes with the sprouting of the crops. Emmanuel shows us his fire building skills as he cooks for the family and he sorts beans from the harvest. But farming alone won't pay for all of the expenses in Kenya. Emmanuel's school fees are difficult to manage. Emmanuel and Naomy have been using the small income from uploading videos to pay for the fees. They have even managed to buy Emmanuel a new pair of shoes, a school uniform, and a backpack. Emmanuel proudly shows us the shoes that they bought with his earnings. Naomy recorded a small girl fetching water at a roadside drainage ditch. When that footage was originally uploaded, Naomy took some of the money that she had earned and she found the child in the neighbouring village. Naomy bought a school uniform and shoes for this child as well. There was enough money left in the young girl's share to also buy the family a basket of groceries. It was important to Naomy to share some of her good fortune. Naomy and Emmanuel will continue to upload videos, assisted by a Canadian friend, so that Emmanuel will be able to receive the education that he deserves. If anyone has questions or would like to assist Naomy and Emmanuel in any way, they can do so through this channel or by email at [email protected] (David McNab)

This bull is a Texas longhorn cow that lives in a sanctuary near Banos, Ecuador. He has incredibly long horns and the look of him is quite intimidating. He sees a guest at the fence of his pen and he comes over to get the alfalfa sprouts that are being offered. The horns poke out over the gate and swing menacingly close to the guests head, whose wife warms him to watch his eyes. Many cows have an itchy spot behind their horns that is impossible to scratch. The cow seems to want his head petted and the guest obliges. But it becomes clear immediately that the bull wants his head scratched more than he wants the treats. He jams his horns against the gate to get his head in the best position for the guest to reach. The bull stands very still as he gets a good scratch. He looks at the guest with pleading eyes and when the hand is extended again, he sniffs and then slams his horns down to expose the top of his head once more. It is clear that these two have reached an understanding and the bull knows that his friend will scratch some more. This sanctuary takes in animals that could no longer be cared for where they were. It is here that they find a new home and a new life with proper care and food. Guests are invited to tour the sanctuary which helps fund the purchase of food for the animals. They are happy here and they get the love and the attention that they deserve.

Jack Daniels is known throughout the world as one of the greatest whiskey producers to have ever lived. His life is the stuff of legends, and and it is also filled with mystery and intrigue. His legacy was passed down to two of his nephews when he died in October of 1911 and they continued the tradition of making Jack Daniel's whiskey according to the original recipe and in the traditional methods. Most people in North America, and in most countries around the world have sampled this whiskey, or have at least seen it served. But few people know the incredible story behind Jack's final years, ad his death in 1911. The Jack Daniels distillery is set on a beautiful piece of property in Lynchburg, Tennessee. Jack arrived for work before anyone else on a morning in 1909, or 1910. There are conflicting stories about the date and poorly kept written records in that era have made it difficult to be precise. But Jack needed documents from his steel combination safe in his office. He struggled with the combination and could not open the safe. Frustrated, he kicked the safe and broke his big toe. Infection set in and Jack was forced to have his toe amputated. But the infection had spread and gangrene began to form in his foot. The foot was removed, followed by a leg amputation and it was eventually clear that Jack was losing the battle with gangrene. Beyond the full leg amputation, there was nothing that could be done. Blood poisoning set in and Jack knew he was dying. Legend has it that Jack led the life of a ladies man, with love and romance at every turn, but he had never married or had children. With no heirs, Jack passed on his distillery and his fortune to two nephews who continued the business as Jack would have wanted. Tours of the property are conducted, showing guests the operation and the method for producing this beloved whiskey. There are few secrets here, and guests can see the entire process. Grain is ground and fermented. Maple is charred precisely to create the charcoal pellets that are used for the filtration process. Storage buildings are open, and samples are provided. A knowledgeable tour guide explains the entire operation and shows guests the different steps. The tour is a fascinating one, full of interesting sights, smells, and facts. The legend behind this distillery, and behind the man who created it is well worth the time. Jack Daniels died because he didn't have the right combination for the safe, but he sure had the right combination of ingredients to create a whiskey that lives on, more than 100 years after he was gone.

Canada is a vast country with some of the most beautiful scenery on earth. The landscape is very different as you move from one coast to the other. Everything in between is unique and beautiful too. These images were captured as a team of Canadians drove from one side to the other in a Lamborghini to raise funds for a small child fighting cancer. Stopping briefly to rest and plan, they launched a drone at various points to record the beauty of this incredible country. From Cape Spear on the easternmost point of North America to Vancouver Island, this journey spanned the country from one ocean to the other and 7,500km (nearly 4,700 miles) in between. Historic lighthouses, salt flats, rock cuts, mountains, prairie, pronghorn bucks, waterfalls, deep river gorges, towering trees, horses, and much more. Just a tiny fraction of Canada's beauty is recorded here. Enjoy the scenic wonder as seen by this team of adventurers on a trip that will never be forgotten.

Life on a farm like this one is a wondrous thing. The miracle of birth is a frequent one and a calf entering the world on a sunny day is something unforgettable. Daisy is a lucky cow who lives on this beautiful farm in Ontario, Canada. It's acres of lush pasture on rolling hills, ponds full of clean water, and trees for shade. The "girls" here graze freely and lie in the sunshine when they are relaxing and chewing their cud. It's as perfect a life as a cow could want. There is even a bull here who does his duty in the natural way and watches over them protectively. Daisy is a seasoned mother who has had a few calves and she knows her time is coming again. She picks a spot on the hill and lies down to let nature take its course. Her herd mates seem to know what's happening and they line up and take a spot in the grass beside her. Their calm presence seems to comfort Daisy as she begins her labour. The other cows look on, unconcerned, but seemingly there for a show of support. They have all given birth a few times themselves and they must understand that a calf is on the way. Daisy begins giving birth and works quickly, with her calf emerging over the course of ten or twelve minutes. A healthy and chunky male, he slides out smoothly and waits patiently as his mother licks him clean. Slowly, he will gain the strength to stand and nurse. The licking and grooming is important for the bonding between the mother and the calf. It is also imperative that Daisy cleans up anything that could attract predators such as wolves or coyotes. Daisy's new baby will need to get to his feet as quickly as possible and stay close to the herd for protection. He will also need to get a dose of the first milk which contains colostrum, the antibodies that will build his immune system and nourish him in the first day. Calves are able to walk within a few minutes of birth and they are highly mobile in a day or two. Nature looks after the healthy and gives them the ability to care for themselves early in life. This young calf gets to his feet and begins drinking with enthusiasm. The birth of a calf is a wonderful part of nature and a true joy to watch.

Sea anemones are predatory animals that anchor to the coral and sway in the ocean current as they search for food. Their tentacles can resemble the long leaves of a plant as they grasp at fish and small animals that serve as food for the sea anemone. In some species, the tentacles are much shorter. The tentacles contain stinging cells that are equipped with an external sensory hair. When triggered, the cells fire a harpoon-like barb and inject a toxin. This can be used as defense or for hunting. Small fish and other marine animals become paralyzed and are then devoured by the sea anemone. But there are fish that are immune to the sting of the sea anemone. Clown fish and anemone are well known exceptions, with their mucous that prevents the activation of the sea anemone's stingers. Clown fish are the best known, but not the only fish with the ability to produce this mucous. There are a few other species that are referred to as anemone fish. These two are the Fiji anemone fish. They live among the deadly anemones, taking cover at the slightest sign of a threat. Predators don't dare follow the anemone fish into the tentacles and the small fish are safe within. These fish continuously rub up against the tentacles, even when predators are not near. The contact with the anemone helps them accumulate mucous which combines with their own mucous to produce the substance that masks their presence from the stinging cells. The anemone benefits from the fish in a perfect example of a symbiotic relationship. The anemone fish becomes aggressive and chases other fish away that might nibble at the tentacles of the anemone. The fish excrement provides the anemone with nutrients. The entire arrangement is a win-win situation for both animals. Anemone fish are loyal to an anemone, remaining in the same location and protecting their host. Often found in groups, there will be one breeding male and one breeding female. If the female dies, the male will turn into a female and the largest non-breeding male will assume the role of being the male breeder. Anemone fish feed primarily on zooplankton that drift past on the ocean currents. As expected, these fish were found on the reef surrounding an island in the Republic of Fiji.

Naomy is a farmer who lives in Kenya, Africa. She works hard to support her grandparents who raised her, as well as Emmanuel, her adopted son. Life in Kenya is full of challenges and Naomy struggles to grow enough food to feed the family. She sells any extra produce for needed supplies and also to pay for Emmanuel's school fees. Naomy became friends with a Canadian named David who was fascinated with life in Kenya. As Naomy and David compared their experiences and shared pictures and videos, the two began to understand the cast difference in their worlds. They began to work together to share Namoy and Emmanuel's videos. The small income that these two make with the uploads helps to pay for Emmanuel's education and it brings the world an inside look at life on the other side of the globe. Naomy lives with her grandparents but the soil and climate are not conducive to growing crops. She rents a small plot in an area that is many miles away. It takes her several hours to travel each way on the public transportation that makes this crossing weekly. Naomy works and stays at the farm and comes home when she can. Naomy told David that she was about to journey back home with Emmanuel and she mentioned that she had seen a few animals on the last journey. David asked Naomy to have Emmanuel record the sights and send them to him in Canada. These are the highlights from the bumpy and dusty ride across Kenya as young Emmanuel documents what catches his eye. This young businessman is ten years old and he is building his future with his camera work. If you care to help him, any donations are gratefully accepted. https://gofund.me/2df5dc08

Hawksbill sea turtles are the most ornate and beautiful of the sea turtles. They are so beautiful that they have been hunted for their shells and they came perilously close to extinction in the past century. Conservation laws and education have helped to stop the slaughter of these peaceful animals and their numbers are slowly increasing now. Hawksbills feed on soft corals, sponges, and the algae that grows on them. They cruise over the reefs looking for places to feed. They are carnivores, unlike many other sea turtles, although the sponges that they feed on are misunderstood and not always recognized as being animals. These scuba divers were lucky enough to see two of these beautiful animals in one spot. The turtles slowly circle each other before one swims off in search of another area to graze. Capable of diving to considerable depths for food, these turtles grazed on the vertical wall and the top of a coral head. Scuba divers are delighted to see one of these endangered species on a dive, and even more so when they see more than one. Having the turtles act so casually while they were feeding made for a very peaceful and memorable experience.

Olive baboons are large, solid primates that can reach 70cm (28 inches) in height and an impressive weight of 50kg (110lbs). They are one of the largest monkey species and one of the most widely spread. Not surprisingly, their teeth are also among the largest of the monkeys. These two olive baboons engage in a friendly playfight in the sunshine, possibly vying for dominance in the troop. As they do so, they display a fearsome set of teeth that are obviously capable of causing severe damage, if the baboon chooses. They have elongated, dog-like muzzles and powerful jaws. The social structure of these baboons is complex, and fascinating. The troops consist of 15-150 individuals with more females than males. There are dominant males within the troop, and also higher ranking females. The higher ranking females are more likely to reproduce, but the whole process of reproduction involves surprising behaviours. A female who is pregnant is highly likely to be harassed by males in an apparent attempt to cause miscarriage of offspring that do not belong to the male perpetrator. This creates an opportunity for the male to mate with that female earlier, as well as a higher likelihood of passing on his genes. Following delivery of an infant, males in the troop will protect her and the infant, especially those who are allowed to mate with her. This means that the male is better to focus his attention on pregnant females who do not have the protection of their male allies. Male olive baboons are highly aggressive with each other in their attempts to mate with females. Younger males are constantly trying to increase their rank in an effort to gain breeding rights. Baboons will often form alliances and coalitions within the troop, This display could be a matter of complex social interaction for many reasons, but it is clear to see that a fully grown baboon is a force to be reckoned with for any animal.

Emperor sea urchins are inactive and nearly invisible by the light of day, but when the sun sets, they come out on the coral to to graze on the algae that grows there. Algae would overpower the coral if it were not kept in check by the animals that feed on it, such as sea urchins. These emperor sea urchins were found on a night dive in the waters of Indonesia, near Komodo Island, the land known as the home of the largest and most deadly lizards in the world. The urchins are highly venomous to humans, inflicting a considerable wound and searing pain if they are handled or stepped on. Their light sensitivity allows them to sense a threat and angle their spines defensively. The bright colours and the large size make these urchins very obvious and accidental contact is uncommon. The spines of the sea urchin are used for locomotion, as well as defense. The mouth of the sea urchin is on the underside, centrally located. Five sharp teeth converge in the centre of the mouth, allowing the urchin to scrape surfaces to remove coral. Emperor sea urchins are a sepctacular and welcome sight for scuba divers due to their colour and ornate appearance.

Smooth green snakes are a brilliant emerald green. Born brown or bluish gray, they begin life with a drab coloured skin until the first shed. They emerge from this shed with the vibrant colour that this young snake displays. Found on a small island in Ontario, Canada, this snake enjoys life in a beautiful location with access to insects and spiders, ants, slugs, and caterpillars. But life on the this island comes with the same risks that other snakes face. It will have to avoid predation from foxes, hawks, herons, raccoons, and even bears. Another risk for this snake is overcollection for commercial sale. The appealing colour makes it highly desirable for the pet trade, but these snakes do not survive well in captivity. One of the greatest threats to these beautiful snakes is the application of pesticides. Because the snakes rely completely on insects for food, they are greatly affected by the toxins in the food chain. They are also greatly affected by the reduction of available food. When the smooth green snake hunts, it turns its head from side to side, finding prey with its tongue. The flicking of the tongue gathers air near the snake's head. It has an organ on the roof of its mouth that it uses to detect airborne pheromones and chemical signals. The green snake has no ears, relying on vibrations to figure out its surroundings. Due to the stretchy ligaments in its jaw, it can swallow prey whole, even prey that is larger than its own body diameter. The smooth green snake sheds its skin as often as every four to five weeks to allow for growth. Understanding the importance of animals such as these to the delicate balance of nature is the first step in helping us avoid losing them forever.

The Galapagos Islands are a remote and isolated part of the world where animals and people have reached an understanding for each other. People here have a healthy respect for the wildlife. The wildlife has also learned to trust the humans. They coexist with an ease and beauty that all the world could learn from. And although the people and even the visitors here do their best to avoid interfering with the animals, the wildlife has learned that they can occasionally find an opportunity for food where humans can be found. These tiny finches have taken up residence at the airport that serves Santa Cruz Island. They find their way in and out at the airport restaurant and they wait patiently for people to leave uneaten food on their tables. As soon as the coast is clear, these daring little birds swoop in and scramble to get their share. They seem to understand very well that time is of the essence as they peck at these pizza crusts. We see the restaurant staff coming to get the table cleared before they've had their fill. But the next meal is only minutes away as the guests constantly come and go, usually leaving something delicious behind.

The beaded sea cucumber is one of the most bizarre animals in the ocean. They resemble giant worms more than they do sea cucumbers. When stretched out, they can reach a length of more than one meter (3 feet). Beaded sea cucumbers move along the ocean floor, extending their 15 feeding tentacles in front of them. The feathery appendages collect their food and pull it into their mouth opening. in the center of the tentacles. They consume algae, aquatic invertebrates like plankton, and waste particles that are found near the bottom. They are omnivores. Sea cucumbers are like mini ocean janitors that clean and filter the waste and debris out of the water. Beaded sea cucumbers have no internal respiratory system. They have no feet or appendages capable of locomotion. They contract and expand muscles on the body wall, moving forward through these actions. Beaded sea cucumbers come in many different shapes and sizes. With their unusual movement and alien looking tentacles, the beaded sea cucumber looks like a creature from another world.

This sanctuary in the Galapagos Islands takes in goats, horses, donkeys, chickens and any other animal that need a safe home. It provides the animals with food, shelter, safety, and a chance to interact with guests who come here. The sanctuary relies on donations and the money generated from the tours so they can give the animals the care they deserve. This family has brought their Canadian friends for a tour and the girls show them how the goats go crazy for bananas. The animals get lots of hay and other food, but the bananas are a special treat. The bananas hang outside the fence to allow guests to interact and feed the animals. This goat has learned how to stick his head out over the fence and show his pleading eyes for the maximum effect on the soft hearted guests. Goats will eat almost anything and these ones are no exception. They are particularly fond of the banana skins as well as the fruit inside.

Pelicans are incredible birds with unique skills and unique physical characteristics that make them very good at catching their prey. Pelicans lunge at fish and scoop them up, along with a beak full of water. They allow the water to drain out of their beaks, leaving their food to be swallowed. The pelican has the largest beak of any bird. Clumsy on land, yet graceful and smooth in the air and in the water, pelicans are bulky looking birds. But the pelican is lighter than it appears, due to the air pockets in its bones and the air sacs beneath its skin. Air pockets make bones lighter, yet sturdy. The air sacs make the pelican extremely buoyant, giving it the ability to float higher in the water. The air sacs may also act as cushioning, protecting the bird as it impacts the water while diving for prey. The pelican is a beautiful sight when it skims just above the surface of the water. This low level flight is more efficient, as well as spectacular. Pelicans can fly up to 150km in search of feeding grounds. Pelicans are endearing in their appearance and their behaviour. They are found in many warm climates around the world, following schools of fish along the shoreline.

Humpback whales are beautiful creatures. They are immense animals, larger than anything that has ever lived on earth, with the exception of a few larger whale species. They never leave the water, but they breath air, using a vent hole in the top of their heads. Humpbacks can hold their breath for long periods of time, resting on the ocean bottom and surfacing for a breath or two approximately every 11-12 minutes. This thrilled swimmer was enjoying the warm waters of Tonga, between the islands when a bull humpback rose beside him and took a few breaths. It looked curiously at the small and clumsy human as it nonchalantly bobbed on the surface. Humpbacks have no reason to fear people and they will often regard swimmers with interest. They even seem careful around people, as if they are aware of their power and size and the possibility of hurting someone. This gentle nature is beautiful and touching and something that we have not returned in kind. Humpback whales come to the waters of Tonga to mate and to bear their young. They are safe from predators here, especially orcas, one of the biggest threats to humpback calves. Females spend several months feeding their calves before leading them north to colder waters for feeding in the winters. Males follow the females, competing for breeding rights and providing a safety escort during their vulnerable times. To see humpback whales in their own environment is a breath taking and unforgettable sight.

The badlands of Saskatchewan, Canada are full of breath taking scenery, unique geographic features, and salt flats that appear like something from an alien landscape. A drone, taking flight over the area surrounding Chaplin Lake filmed the salt and the Saskatchewan Mining and Minerals plant that collects salt here. Chaplin Lake is a series of lakes that makes up the second largest saline lake in Canada and the fourth largest in North America. Sodium sulphate has been mined here since 1947. In the 1980s, the importance of this area was recognized when migratory bird populations were declining. Chaplin Lake is an important stopover for birds in the spring. Researchers approached Saskatchewan Minerals about preserving habitat for the migrating birds. Water levels are maintained so that drought does not cause the lake to dry up and flooding does not cause elevated lake levels. Thirty species and more than one hundred thousand individuals visit the lake each year. One hundred and fifty species make this area their home. Populations of brine shrimp attract the birds to this area. Preservation of the grasslands around the area is also an important part of protecting the bird populations that rely on this part of North America. The mining operation produces sodium sulphate which is used as a filler in the manufacture of powdered home laundry detergents. It is also required for paper pulping. Saskatchewan Mining and Minerals is one of the world's largest producers of anhydrous sodium sulphate. Seen from the air, this salt reservoir looks like a frozen ice field, or the surface of an alien planet. Water from the the factory lagoons flow outward along a river, with crystals on the banks that appear like ice crystals. The encrusted flats resemble lakes frozen in the dead of winter. These salt flats are as stunning as they are crucial to the animals, and to our own existence. The preservation of habitat amid the mining emphasizes understanding of the delicate balance involved here.

Pacific green turtles are truly beautiful animals. They are among the favourite creatures of all that scuba divers encounter in the ocean. This is a Pacific green sea turtle, one of the larger sea turtles. It spends a good part of its day eating the aquatic vegetation that grows around the corals. But they also spend a good part of their day sleeping. They descend to the bottom in shallow areas, approximately 10-15 metres (30-45 feet) in depth where they seek a good place to rest. They can hold their breath and slow their oxygen consumption, allowing them to stay down more than 30 minutes before they rise to the surface for a few breaths of air. Often, before settling down for a snooze, green turtles will scratch their shells and their belly on the coral. They can be found under ledges or on coral protrusions, rocking back and forth, scraping their hard shells or leathery armpits as if they are itchy. Sea turtles also find their food at depth and they happily munch away on sea grasses and algae. This turtle lives on the reef near Komodo Island in Indonesia. Scuba diving here requires that all people keep a respectful distance away from the animals. A responsible scuba diver will avoid startling or affecting any of the creatures in the ocean. The largest recorded green turtle reached a weight of 395kg (871 lbs). The females of the species nest in the sand on beaches along many coasts in tropical and subtropical waters. They venture ashore during the night, dig a deep hole, deposit their eggs and then make their way to the sea, never seeing the hatchlings when they emerge. Baby turtles dig their way out of the nest after several months incubation. Only a few survive the treacherous trek to the water, and many more are eaten by predators before they reach shelter in the ocean. Sea turtles are among the most beloved of all the creatures in the ocean. Truly gentle creatures, they are a beautiful sight to see. #greenturtle #Komodo #Indonesoia #animal

Orioles are adorned with beautiful orange and black plumage. The bright orange contrasts sharply with the dark wings and head. The males are brighter orange and starker black than the females. The females have patches that are almost brown. Their beauty makes them a welcome sight at back yard bird feeders. Each year, orioles migrate to warmer climates, returning each spring to the northern climates.

The rains in Kenya, Africa are a welcome sight, especially after months of drought that leave crops wilted and fields parched. But the rains can come on with a vengeance and a river can suddenly swell where only a trickle or a dry gravel bed stood moments before. These people near Kisii Village use this road to travel from the village to schools, places of work, and between homes. Runoff from a torrential rain reached this crossing and washed it out in minutes, leaving people standing on both sides, hesitant to cross. As they stood, considering their options, a few of the more adventurous ones linked arms and waded across. Washouts can erode the dirt beneath very quickly, causing deep depressions that people can fall into. Losing your footing in a fast moving stream like this one could see a person swept away and struggling to get out without injury. The water quickly became faster and the washed out section became deeper. The rain began again, adding to the runoff and making it obvious that things would get worse before they got better. As these people lined up, waiting for things to subside, or contemplating their choices, one of the children headed for school recorded the scene to show his teacher why he was late. The result is fascinating footage that shows the power of nature after one brief, but heavy rain.

Naomy is a hardworking farmer who lives in Kenya, Africa. She rents a small plot of land where she grows corn, beans, carrots and a few other crops. She uses the harvest to feed her family and she sells the extra vegetables at the market to make a few dollars. She also raises a few cows, goats and chickens to put food on the table. This is a good way to use any of the scraps or spoiled vegetables that cannot be eaten by her family. Here, we see what happens when the chickens are set free in the morning and their breakfast is set out. The chickens know the routine and they run for the food to get their share as quickly as they can. They squawk and peck happily at the beans, corn, strawberries and greens that she provides them. Noamy lives with her grandparents who raised her from childhood. She cares for them and also for her adopted son, Emmanuel who helps Naomy with the chores. Ten year old Emmanuel records the sights and the animals around his home with an old phone and his videos are uploaded here, providing the family with a few extra dollars per month. The average wage in Kenya is less than $100 per month and this resourceful family works very hard to stretch each dollar as far as it will go. Emmanuel is currently attending school, which is a luxury in his village because the cost of schooling is unaffordable for most people. Emmanuel's videos have been helping him keep up with the cost of lessons, meaning that this 10 year old is actually running a little videography business to pay his way through school. If anyone would like to assist Naomy and Emmanuel, donations are gratefully accepted through this link. https://gofund.me/2df5dc08 Further info is also available through David McNab at [email protected]

Lake Ontario is one of North America's five Great Lakes. It is a massive body of water that stretches out past the horizon. Just like the ocean, storms form and grow over the water on Lake Ontario, pressing toward land with a force that cannot be ignored. Thunderheads roll in and lightning cracks, reminding all those on the water that it is foolhardy to delay heading for shore. This is the marina harbour in Cobourg, Ontario. As the thunder boomed and the pressure dropped, the winds increased their strength. Boats were suddenly racing for shelter as the storm threatened to strike. When rain comes down hard on the lake, visibility becomes so poor that finding shore is challenging. The waves can appear out of nowhere and small vessels can be tossed without mercy. These fishermen knew that time was running out. Even the geese flying past seemed to sense the need to find shelter on the shore. While this storm was brewing, a drone was capturing the sights, recording lightning, thunderheads, and a dramatic sunset. The wind was strong enough that flying the drone was difficult and rain threatened to begin at any moment. Weather like this can easily knock a drone out of the sky, but the colour and the spectacle was too beautiful to ignore. As the sky darkened suddenly under the looming clouds, the last fisherman reached safety in the harbour and the drone was brought in for a landing. Within minutes of the final clip, rain pelted down, making it impossible to see even the breakwater from the beach. The wind bent the trees. Lightning cracked loudly and the skies opened up for almost an hour. These last moments truly were the calm before the storm.

A pair of Canadians tourists in Istanbul, Türkiye came across an old world pomegranate vendor outside a small restaurant on a busy side street. Smiling and happy, this gentleman is surrounded by oranges and pomegranates that are piled almost as high as he is tall. His office work space is the small counter that is barely big enough for his cutting board. At the center of his counter is a press that he uses to wring out all the juice he can from each piece of fruit. With the few words that he knows in English and the few words that the Canadian knows in Turkish, the two enjoy an exchange that is as sweet as the juice itself. The smiles and friendliness are hard to miss as this gentleman serves up the freshest juice possible. This happy man has been serving his juice on this street for more than 50 years. He started with his own cart and then partnered with the restaurant where he now offers orange, pomegranate, pineapple, lemonade, or any combination his customers ask for. Witnessing the fun and seeing how much of a crowd pleaser this vendor is, his business partner comes out and offers a bag of fruit as a gift for the tourists. The Canadians walked away happy with the juice and the gesture. The following day, the Canadians saw the vendor again and the tour guide who was leading them on a tour of the city explained the history behind this juice stand. Imagine 50 years of working at the same profession and showing this level of pride and satisfaction after all those years!

Mantis shrimp are believed to have the most sophisticated and complex eyes in the animal kingdom. They have the most complex visual system ever discovered. Humans have three photoreceptors that allow us to see red, green, and blue light. In comparison, the mantis shrimp has an astonishing 16 photoreceptors. They are able to see visible light, UV light, and polarized light. They are even capable of detecting circularly polarized light, being the only animal on earth that can do this. Mantis shrimp are capable of depth perception using only one eye, a task that requires two eyes for any other animal to accomplish. The eyes of the mantis shrimp are made up of rows of specialized cells, with each row having unique structure and capabilities. The mantis shrimp is constantly moving its eyes and scanning its surroundings to obtain an accurate picture of what is around them. This movement also gives them a very large field of view. The mantis shrimp is famous for its ability to strike with incredible speed and power. Its strike is the fastest of any marine creature and it happens so fast that it actually cavitates the water around it, creating a second impact that is powerful enough to stun or kill its prey if it misses with the actual strike. But, as astonishing as this is, the visual powers of the mantis shrimp are even more remarkable. Despite the knowledge that these little animals have such amazing visual superpowers, there is surprisingly little research on the matter. This is yet another example of how little we understand the world around us.

Life in Africa is a complex balance. Each day, the sun rises and paints the landscape with golden sunlight. The dawn brings with it, promise and hope, but also danger. The predators here wake up hungry and ready to chase down their meal in order to survive. If they fail, they may weaken and die of starvation. For the prey animals, the sunrise signals threat and the need to run to survive. If they falter, it may be their last day. Such is life here, and all over the world. Life is never easy or guaranteed. This deer saw its last sunrise as the scene unfolded on the plain. A leopard snuck up close enough to catch the deer unaware and it made the kill with speed and precision. But the leopard cannot waste time, even after securing its meal. Other cats and hyenas smell the blood and close in on the carcass, threatening the leopard in their eagerness to steal the food. The leopard eats as quickly as it can to fill its belly before the predators and scavengers team up to rob it. The leopard knows that the hyenas cannot climb the trees. Even the lions are not as capable of reaching the higher branches. Leopards have adapted for climbing. They are strong cats with muscle attachments designed for puling heavy weights up high in the trees. Here, they will be able to defend the meat more easily, keeping the uneaten portion safe for their next meal. It is a tragic day for the deer, but victory for the leopard. It will possibly be a week or more before the leopard has its next successful hunt. Consuming dozens of kilograms of meat in this feeding is essential to survival between feedings. This incredible footage was captured on a wildlife refuge in Kenya, Africa. Safe from poachers, these animals live as nature intended. But nature does not promise anyone an easy life, as we see here.

Strawberry nudibranchs, are a species of marine gastropod mollusks. These captivating sea slugs are widely distributed throughout Indo-Pacific coral reefs, where they play a unique role in the marine ecosystem. Characterized by their vibrant colors and intricate patterns, strawberry nudibranchs are relatively small, measuring around 1 to 2 centimeters in length. Their name is derived from their striking resemblance to strawberries, as their bodies feature shades of red, pink, and orange, often accompanied by white or yellow markings. This vivid coloration serves as a form of camouflage, helping them blend into their coral reef habitats. The frilly, tassel-like structures on the back of the nudibranch are the gills. These external gills allow them to filter oxygen from the sea water. Nudibranchs are slow moving, can swim or be propelled along either by muscular contraction or by millions of tiny hairs on the bottom of a fleshy "foot". They have a voracious appetite and feed with a rasp like tongue. Strawberry nudibranchs primarily feed on soft corals. Unlike some other nudibranch species that utilize stinging cells (nematocysts) from their prey for defense, strawberry nudibranchs are known to incorporate these nematocysts into their own tissues. This unique adaptation provides them with a level of protection against potential predators. These sea slugs have a fascinating reproductive strategy. They are hermaphroditic, meaning each individual possesses both male and female reproductive organs. During mating, two nudibranchs exchange sperm with each other, and later, each one lays a ribbon-like egg mass on the coral substrate. The eggs develop into veliger larvae, eventually settling onto the coral reef and metamorphosing into the adult nudibranch form. The presence of strawberry nudibranchs in coral reef ecosystems contributes to the overall biodiversity and ecological balance. They play a role in controlling soft coral populations, helping to maintain a healthy coral reef environment. Scientists continue to study these captivating creatures to better understand their behavior, ecology, and the intricate relationships they have with their surroundings. As coral reefs face numerous threats, including climate change and habitat degradation, the study of species like the strawberry nudibranchs becomes crucial in the conservation efforts aimed at preserving these fragile marine ecosystems.