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1 Tarim Desert Highway - China Also known as the Cross-Desert Highway (CDH) or Taklamakan Desert Highway a groundbreaking project that defies the arid challenges of the desert. Stretching over 500 miles in China's Xinjiang region, this highway connects the cities of Hotan and Luntai, traversing the vast Taklamakan Desert. Engineers meticulously designed the highway's foundation, using innovative techniques such as "geogrid" layers to stabilize the sand and prevent shifting. The highway's construction required over 8 million cubic meters of sand excavation and utilized advanced dust control measures to maintain visibility and safety for travelers. This engineering marvel not only enhances connectivity but also showcases the remarkable fusion of modern technology and strategic planning in taming the harsh desert environment. 2. Taklamakan Desert Railway Loop - China A monumental Railway Loop encircling the Taklamakan Desert in China. This awe-inspiring rail line, spanning a remarkable 2,712 kilometers (1,700 miles), forms an unbroken connection around the expansive desert landscape. This engineering marvel revolutionizes transportation, fostering trade and connectivity along its path. Overcoming the challenge of desert terrain, engineers employed innovative techniques such as sand-stabilizing walls and vegetation to ensure the tracks remain clear. The completion of this ambitious rail loop showcases the harmonious blend of human ingenuity and environmental adaptability in conquering the Taklamakan Desert's formidable obstacles. 3. Qosh Tepa Canal Artificial River - Afganistan Afghanistan Is Building Asia's Largest Artificial River In The Desert. A transformative endeavor initiated in northern Afghanistan, designed to harness the waters of the Amu Darya. The canal, spanning an anticipated length of 285 km, represents a strategic effort to reclaim 550,000 hectares of arid land and transform it into productive farmland. Despite skepticism and controversy, Afganistan's commitment to transforming the Karakum desert through innovative canal construction underscores its vision for sustainable agricultural growth in the region. 4. Shagaya 50MW Concentrated Solar Energy Power Plant - Kuwait A large-scale initiative aimed at diversifying Kuwait's energy mix and promoting the use of clean and sustainable energy sources. The CSP plant utilizes concentrated solar power technology to generate electricity. This technology works by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area, which then heats a fluid that produces steam to drive a turbine and generate electricity. CSP technology is particularly effective in regions with high solar irradiance, like desert areas. The Shagaya CSP Plant is a significant step for Kuwait in its efforts to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate the environmental impact of energy generation. It contributes to the country's goals of increasing its renewable energy capacity and reducing carbon emissions. 5. Jenaan Agriculture Project - Sudan Jenaan Investment LLC is a private company with its head office in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Through innovative agricultural measures, Amtaar Investment looks to create a sustainable agro-business in Sudan and tackle food security issues in the Arab world. The farm was established on an ancient floodplain of the Nile river in the Saharan desert. It consists of 6000 ha under irrigation where it produces Rhodes grass, Sudan grass, Alfalfa, and Corn. Overall, the project consists of 10 000 ha of land in which the remaining 4000 ha is distributed to other parts of Sudan. Water is pumped from the Nubian aquifer, the largest underground water resource in the world through wells into an innovative irrigation system, called Floppy Sprinkler. Amtaar produces 230 000 ton of dry forage on an annual basis for export to the UAE. The product is containerized and shipped through the Port of Sudan on a weekly basis.

Yusufeli Dam – Turkey Expensive Megaprojects The Yusufeli Dam is on the Çoruh River near Yusufeli in Artvin Province within the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. With a height of 270 m (886 ft) from its foundation and 223 m (732 ft) from the river's thalweg (the lowest point of the river bed), The Yusufeli is a megaproject without a doubt. It will have a crest length of 490 m (1,608 ft) and a crest width of 15 m (49 ft) while being composed of 2,900,000 m3 (102,412,533 cu ft) of concrete. On February 26, 2013, the foundation stone was laid, and the dam's opening date was initially set to May 29, 2018. As of 2018, the expected opening date was delayed to 2021. When completed, Yusufeli Dam will be Turkey's tallest dam and the fifth tallest dam in the world. Baihetan Dam - China The Baihetan Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Jinsha River, an upper stretch of the Yangtze River in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, in the southwest of China. The dam is a 277 m tall double-curvature arch dam with a crest elevation of 827 m, a width of 72 m at the base, and 13 m at the crest. It is considered the last large hydropower megaproject in China to be completed since a series of projects starting with the Three Gorges Dam, the third largest dam in China, and the fourth in the world, in terms of dam volume. Actual construction started in 2017. The reservoir started filling in April 2021, on June 28, 2021, the Baihetan Dam began generating hydroelectricity, when the project's first extremely powerful water outlets - turbines started operating. The 3 rd. turbine followed in July, and the 4 th. in November. The facility will generate mini hydroelectricity with 16 extremely powerful water outlets - turbines, each with a generating capacity of 1.0 GW, taking the generating capacity to 16,000 MW. In terms of generating capacity, it will be the second largest hydroelectric power plant in the world, after the Three Gorges Dam.

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