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This video chronicles solar activity from Aug. 12 to Dec. 22, 2022, as captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). From its orbit in space around Earth, SDO has steadily imaged the Sun in 4K x 4K resolution for nearly 13 years. This information has enabled countless new discoveries about the workings of our closest star and how it influences the solar system. With a triad of instruments, SDO captures an image of the Sun every 0.75 seconds. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument alone captures images every 12 seconds at 10 different wavelengths of light. This 133-day time lapse showcases photos taken at a wavelength of 17.1 nanometers, which is an extreme-ultraviolet wavelength that shows the Sun’s outermost atmospheric layer: the corona. Compiling images taken 108 seconds apart, the movie condenses 133 days, or about four months, of solar observations into 59 minutes. The video shows bright active regions passing across the face of the Sun as it rotates. The Sun rotates approximately once every 27 days. The loops extending above the bright regions are magnetic fields that have trapped hot, glowing plasma. These bright regions are also the source of solar flares, which appear as bright flashes as magnetic fields snap together in a process called magnetic reconnection. While SDO has kept an unblinking eye pointed toward the Sun, there have been a few moments it missed. Some of the dark frames in the video are caused by Earth or the Moon eclipsing SDO as they pass between the spacecraft and the Sun. Other blackouts are caused by instrumentation being down or data errors. SDO transmits 1.4 terabytes of data to the ground every day. The images where the Sun is off-center were observed when SDO was calibrating its instruments. SDO and other NASA missions will continue to watch our Sun in the years to come, providing further insights about our place in space and information to keep our astronauts and assets safe

🚀 Join us on a thrilling journey into the future of Martian exploration as NASA puts its cutting-edge Mars mission shields to the ultimate test! 🛡️ In this exciting video, we bring you exclusive behind-the-scenes footage of the rigorous testing process that will determine the fate of our astronauts on the Red Planet. 🌌 As humans venture farther into space, protecting our astronauts from the harsh realities of the cosmos becomes paramount. NASA's Mars mission shields, designed to safeguard against cosmic radiation, micrometeoroids, and other spaceborne hazards, represent a pivotal advancement in ensuring the safety of our interplanetary pioneers. 🔬 Watch in awe as our engineers and scientists meticulously examine these shields, pushing them to their limits in state-of-the-art testing chambers that replicate the unforgiving conditions of space. Witness the intense radiation bombardment, the high-speed impact simulations, and the extreme temperature trials that these shields must endure. 🛰️ Discover the groundbreaking technologies and innovative materials that make up these shields, including advanced composites and energy-absorbing layers, all aimed at creating a formidable protective barrier for our astronauts while they explore the enigmatic Martian terrain. 🔴 Will these shields withstand the challenges of the Red Planet? Will they be the key to unlocking the mysteries of Mars and enabling humanity's giant leap into the cosmos? Join us as we unveil the future of space travel and witness firsthand the determination, expertise, and unwavering spirit driving humanity to new frontiers. 📡 Don't miss this exclusive look into NASA's Mars mission shields as we embark on this thrilling chapter of space exploration. Like, subscribe, and hit the notification bell to stay updated on this monumental journey to the Red Planet! #NASA #MarsMission #SpaceExploration #MarsShield #Astronomy #FutureFrontiers

NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover is filling sample tubes with rocky material on the Red Planet as the agency works on the next steps to get them safely back to Earth. The Mars Sample Return campaign would bring samples collected by the Perseverance rover to Earth for detailed study. The campaign involves an international interplanetary relay team, including the European Space Agency (ESA). These samples could answer a key question: did life ever exist on Mars? Aaron Yazzie, who works on the Mars Sample Return campaign, explains the work being done at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to ensure the safe return of the sample tubes.