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NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is the United States government agency responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. It conducts space exploration missions, scientific research, and technological advancements related to space travel and understanding the universe.

Mars exploration involves sending spacecraft to study and gather data about the planet Mars. Robotic missions like rovers and landers have provided valuable information about Mars' geology, climate, and potential for past or present life. Human missions to Mars are also being planned for the future, with the goal of eventually sending astronauts to explore and potentially settle on the planet.