North02

This video tells the story of humans and dogs thriving in the arctic. From hunting to pulling sleds, dogs are amazing tools and companions that the Inuit and others have heavily relied upon.

In this video, we will talk about what humans were doing over 10,000 years ago. From the forests of Europe to the origins of agriculture in the Middle East. We talk about technology, culture and archaeology of this time.

This video is about the rituals of the amazon involving ayahuasca

This video is about the extinction of the megafauna in California over 12,000 years ago.

This video is about the Folsom Culture. They were paleoindian hunter gatherers that thrived in the americas with their distinctive points and ferocious appetite for bison.

In this video we talk about the ancient paleo Indian culture named the Folsom culture.

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north.o2/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/NORTH_o2 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0UnRJrDICeEAxF6SIBrKUZ?si=852005cc94664965 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100089744461597 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JeIpMIZsGujMXB8kvYjioU3paY34Ew9XOmsws3T78pY/edit?usp=sharing ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north.o2/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/NORTH_o2 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0UnRJrDICeEAxF6SIBrKUZ?si=852005cc94664965 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100089744461597 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: Aterian Vermeersch, Pierre (2000). "The Nubian Complex and the Dispersal of Modern Humans in North Africa". In Krzyżaniak, Lech; Kroeper, Karla; Kobusiewicz, Michał (eds.). Recent Research into the Stone Age of Northeastern Africa. ISBN 83-907529-6-4 – via ResearchGate. Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil; Barton, Nick; Vanhaeren, Marian; d'Errico, Francesco; Collcutt, Simon; Higham, Tom; Hodge, Edward; Parfitt, Simon; Rhodes, Edward (2007-06-12). "82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104(24): 9964–9969. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703877104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1891266. PMID 17548808. Burial in Kenya https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03457-8.epdf?sharing_token=dLQsjVl_MDvu1Thp4eyqsNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0PDOY-N7vIU2RJecrz01P7T8P2LR4egxF2C6ywJH_YsqDRqgOC993L6OV7cJNEC58wmBsM8hWsrW5fJL05fcbK-hQwDAhPXBNXZ28rhWVlvFNFwPTTfCZmj0cerPIV3w38miX-glCi1NQun2TaRiDVasonk0jvbBLIk_jBjGZlGi7GZCzRu0FgjmaOTWjBgNpI%3D&tracking_referrer=www.abc.net.au Longi Ji, Qiang; Wu, Wensheng; Ji, Yannan; Li, Qiang; Ni, Xijun (2021-06-25). "Late Middle Pleistocene Harbin cranium represents a new Homo species". The Innovation. 2 (3): 100132. Bibcode:2021Innov...200132J. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100132. ISSN 2666-6758. PMC 8454552. PMID 34557772. Chen, F.; Welker, F.; Shen, C.-C.; et al. (2019). "A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau" (PDF). Nature. 569 (7756): 409–412. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..409C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1139-x. PMID 31043746. S2CID 141503768. Ni, X.; Ji, Q.; Wu, W.; et al. (2021). "Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage". The Innovation. 2 (3): 100130. Bibcode:2021Innov...200130N. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130. ISSN 2666-6758. PMC 8454562. PMID 34557770. S2CID 236784246. Denisovan Shout out Stefan Milo! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNusMHoSdss Teixeira, João C., et al. “Widespread Denisovan Ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but No Evidence of Substantial Super-Archaic Hominin Admixture.” Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 5, no. 5, 2021, pp. 616–624., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01.... Rizal, Yan, et al. “Last Appearance of Homo Erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 Years Ago.” Nature, vol. 577, no. 7790, 2019, pp. 381–385., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-18.... Luzonensis Détroit, F.; Mijares, A. S.; Corny, J.; Daver, G.; Zanolli, C.; Dizon, E.; Robles, E.; Grün, R. & Piper, P. J. (2019). "A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines" (PDF). Nature. 568 (7751): 181–186. Bibcode:2019Natur.568..181D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1067-9. PMID 30971845. S2CID 106411053. Wade, L. (April 10, 2019). "New species of ancient human unearthed in the Philippines". Science. 364. doi:10.1126/science.aax6501. S2CID 189045520. Homo floresiensis Sutikna, Thomas; Tocheri, Matthew W.; et al. (30 March 2016). "Revised stratigraphy and chronology for Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua in Indonesia". Nature. 532 (7599): 366–9. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..366S. doi:10.1038/nature17179. PMID 27027286. S2CID 4469009. Brumm, A.; van den Bergh, G. D.; Storey, M.; Kurniawan, I.; Alloway, B. V.; Setiawan, R.; Setiyabudi, E.; Grün, R.; Moore, M. W.; Yurnaldi, D.; Puspaningrum, M. R.; Wibowo, U. P.; Insani, H.; Sutisna, I.; Westgate, J. A.; Pearce, N. J. G.; Duval, M.; Meijer, H. J. M.; Aziz, F.; Sutikna, T.; van der Kaars, S.; Flude, S.; Morwood, M. J. (8 June 2016). "Age and context of the oldest known hominin fossils from Flores" (PDF). Nature. 534(7606): 249–253. Bibcode:2016Natur.534..249B. doi:10.1038/nature17663. PMID 27279222. S2CID 28608179. Berger, L. R.; Churchill, S. E.; et al. (2008). "Small-Bodied Humans from Palau, Micronesia". PLOS ONE. 3 (3): e1780. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.1780B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001780. PMC 2268239. PMID 18347737. More sources available on my doc ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: All of my sources are located beneath their corresponding sentence on this document, enjoy! https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m1QGmxZ8sBOxH5dSRxlJiWQpAeCb7JXEp5H0r0YjEGY/edit?usp=sharing ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#neanderthal #human #ancienthuman In this documentary, we discuss everything we know about the enigmatic Neanderthals. We dive deep into the latest scientific discoveries, archaeological findings, and genetic research to uncover the truths about Neanderthals. Through expert interviews, immersive visuals, and engaging storytelling, we shed light on their physical characteristics, intelligence, social structures, and cultural achievements. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_ff0l6zC_u48NOhZbR0a1WeQcZC9sAeckZ3qryS8VCE/edit?usp=sharing I need to update this document because other viewers cannot see the comments which Is where the sources are. I will paste these sources into the document Tomorrow. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ (0:00) Introduction (1:13) Origins (12:02) Anatomy (28:26) Technology (34:02) Points (39:50) Hafting (44:13) Wooden tools (55:30) Use of Fire (1:05:37) Clothing (1:14:40) Hunting (1:45:46) Dynamic World (1:58:25) Culture (2:09:55) Warfare (2:12:40) Art and Symbolism (2:28:08) Spirituality (2:39:06) Compassion (2:48:50) Interactions with Homo sapien (2:54:53) Hybridization (2:59:46) Extinction (3:06:35) Genetic Persistence (3:14:00) Conclusion (3:14:47) Authors Noteo

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#chimpanzee #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: none for shorts, watch the full vid ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: D’Atanasio, E., Trombetta, B., Bonito, M. et al. The peopling of the last Green Sahara revealed by high-coverage resequencing of trans-Saharan patrilineages. Genome Biol19, 20 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1393-5 Dommain, René; Riedl, Simon; Olaka, Lydia A.; deMenocal, Peter; Deino, Alan L.; Owen, R. Bernhart; Muiruri, Veronica; Müller, Johannes; Potts, Richard; Strecker, Manfred R. (12 July 2022). "Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (28): e2121388119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2121388119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9282390. PMID 35759654. S2CID 250090985. "New insights into the termination of the African Humid Period (5.5 ka BP) in central Ethiopia from detailed analysis of a diatom record" (PDF). Journal of Paleolimnology. 61 (1): 99–110. Bibcode:2019JPall..61...99R. doi:10.1007/s10933-018-0047-7. ISSN 1573-0417. S2CID 134871122. McGee, David; deMenocal, Peter B. (20 November 2017). "Climatic Changes and Cultural Responses During the African Humid Period Recorded in Multi-Proxy Data". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Coulson, David; Campbell, Alec. "Rock Art of the Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria" (PDF). AfricanRockArt.org. Soukopova, Jitka (2017). "Central Saharan rock art: Considering the kettles and cupules". Journal of Arid Environments. 143: 10. Bibcode:2017JArEn.143...10S. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.12.011. Soukopova, Jitka (Jan 16, 2013). Round Heads: The Earliest Rock Paintings in the Sahara. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 9781443845793. Rowland, Joanne M. (2021). Revolutions The Neolithisation of the Mediterranean Basin: The Transition to Food Producing Economics in North Africa, Southern Europe and the Levant. Giulio Lucarini, Geoffrey J. Tassie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Excellence Cluster Topoi (1. Auflage ed.). Berlin. ISBN 978-3-9819685-6-9. OCLC 1265037731. Duque-Villegas, Mateo; Claussen, Martin; Brovkin, Victor; Kleinen, Thomas (22 August 2022). "Effects of orbital forcing, greenhouse gases and ice sheets on Saharan greening in past and future multi-millennia". Climate of the Past. 18 (8): 1897–1914. doi:10.5194/cp-18-1897-2022. ISSN 1814-9324. S2CID 251465373. Soriano, S.; Tribolo, Ch; Maggetti, M.; Ozainne, S.; Ballouche, A.; Fahmy, A.; Neumann, K.; Lespez, L.; Rasse, M.; Huysecom, E. (2009). "The emergence of pottery in Africa during the tenth millennium cal BC: new evidence from Ounjougou (Mali)". Antiquity. 83 (322): 905–917. Stivers, Jeffrey P.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Moots, Hannah M.; Cocca, Enzo; N'siala, Isabella Massamba; Giraudi, Carlo; Kaye, Thomas G.; Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.; Mercuri, Anna Maria (14 August 2008). "Lakeside Cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 Years of Holocene Population and Environmental Change". PLOS ONE. 3 (8): e2995. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2995S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002995. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 2515196. PMID 18701936. di Lernia, S. (2022). Saharan Hunter-Gatherers: Specialization and Diversification in Holocene Southwestern Libya (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003083580 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #humanorigins Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: Stanyon, Roscoe; Finstermeier, Knut; Zinner, Dietmar; Brameier, Markus; Meyer, Matthias; Kreuz, Eva; Hofreiter, Michael; Roos, Christian (16 July 2013). "A Mitogenomic Phylogeny of Living Primates". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e69504. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869504F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069504. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3713065. PMID 23874967. Pozzi, Luca; Hodgson, Jason A.; Burrell, Andrew S.; Sterner, Kirstin N.; Raaum, Ryan L.; Disotell, Todd R. (June 2014). "Primate phylogenetic relationships and divergence dates inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 165–183. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.023. ISSN 1055-7903. PMC 4059600. PMID 24583291. Jameson, Natalie M.; Hou, Zhuo-Cheng; Sterner, Kirstin N.; Weckle, Amy; Goodman, Morris; Steiper, Michael E.; Wildman, Derek E. (September 2011). "Genomic data reject the hypothesis of a prosimian primate clade". Journal of Human Evolution. 61 (3): 295–305. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.04.004. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 21620437. Hey J. The divergence of chimpanzee species and subspecies as revealed in multipopulation isolation-with-migration analyses. Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Apr;27(4):921-33. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp298. Epub 2009 Dec 2. PMID: 19955478; PMCID: PMC2877540. Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (2020). "Nature and relationships of Sahelanthropus tchadensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 149: 102898. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102898. PMID 33142154. S2CID 226249337. Daver, G.; Guy, F.; Mackaye, H. T.; Likius, A.; Boisserie, J. -R.; Moussa, A.; Pallas, L.; Vignaud, P.; Clarisse, N. D. (2022-08-24). "Postcranial evidence of late Miocene hominin bipedalism in Chad" (PDF). Nature. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 609 (7925): 94–100. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04901-z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 36002567. Almécija, Sergio; Tallman, Melissa; Alba, David M.; Pina, Marta; Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Jungers, William L. (3 December 2013). "The femur of Orrorin tugenensis exhibits morphometric affinities with both Miocene apes and later hominins". Nature Communications. 4 (1): 2888. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2888A. doi:10.1038/ncomms3888. PMID 24301078. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

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#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thank you to Wondrium for sponsoring today's video! Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/b8RY50L1inp Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: MichaelPanteaPersonEnvelopeIgnacio de laTorrebFrancescod’ErricocdJacksonNjauefRobertBlumenschineg, et al. “Bone Tools from Beds II–IV, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and Implications for the Origins and Evolution of Bone Technology.” Journal of Human Evolution, Academic Press, 10 Oct. 2020, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248420301469. Evidence for Early Hafted Hunting Technology | Science. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1227608. Lombard, M., & Phillipson, L. (2010). Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64 000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Antiquity, 84(325), 635-648. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00100134 Backwell, L., Bradfield, J., Carlson, K., Jashashvili, T., Wadley, L., & D'Errico, F. (2018). The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: Evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave. Antiquity, 92(362), 289-303. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.11 Bows and Arrows and Complex Symbolic Displays 48,000 Years ... - Science. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aba3831. Hardy, B. L., et al. “Direct Evidence of Neanderthal Fibre Technology and Its Cognitive and Behavioral Implications.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 9 Apr. 2020, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61839-w. “Pesse Canoe.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Aug. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesse_canoe. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Go to https://establishedtitles.com/NORTH02 and help support the channel. They are now running a massive Black Friday Sale, plus 10% off on any purchase with code NORTH02. Thanks to Established Titles for sponsoring this video! Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: Pruetz, Jill D., et al. “Intragroup Lethal Aggression in West African Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Verus): Inferred Killing of a Former Alpha Male at Fongoli, Senegal - International Journal of Primatology.” SpringerLink, Springer US, 23 Jan. 2017, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10764-016-9942-9. J;, Goodall. “Infant Killing and Cannibalism in Free-Living Chimpanzees.” Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/564321/. White, Tim D., et al. “Pleistocene Homo Sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature01669. White TD. Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1986 Apr;69(4):503-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330690410. PMID: 3087212. Alban R., et al. “Impact of the Last Interglacial Climate Change on Ecosystems and Neanderthals Behavior at Baume Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France.” Journal of Archaeological Science, Academic Press, 19 Feb. 2019, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305440318304680?via%3Dihub. Rosas, A. et al. Paleobiology and comparative morphology of a late Neandertal sample from El Sidrón, Asturias, Spain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 19266–19271 (2006). Estalrrich, Almudena, and Antonio Rosas. "Division of Labor by Sex and Age in Neandertals: An Approach through the Study of Activity-Related Dental Wear." Journal of Human Evolution 80 (2015): 51–63. Print. Dean, M. C., et al. "Longstanding Dental Pathology in Neandertals from El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) with a Probable Familial Basis." Journal of Human Evolution 64.6 (2013): 678–86. Print. Estalrrich, Almudena, Sireen El Zaatari, and Antonio Rosas. "Dietary Reconstruction of the El Sidrón Neandertal Familial Group (Spain) in the Context of Other Neandertal and Modern Hunter-Gatherer Groups. A Molar Microwear Texture Analysis." Journal of Human Evolution 104 (2017): 13–22. Print. https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/handle/1808/7044/Frayer_2006fKrapina3.pdf Bello SM, Wallduck R, Parfitt SA, Stringer CB. An Upper Palaeolithic engraved human bone associated with ritualistic cannibalism. PLoS One. 2017 Aug 9;12(8):e0182127. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182127. PMID: 28792978; PMCID: PMC5549908. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #nativeamerican Thank you to Wondrium for sponsoring today's video! Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/b8RY50L1inp Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: Saraceni, Jessica Esther. “Native American Copper Use in North America Re-Dated.” Archaeology Magazine, https://www.archaeology.org/news/9536-210322-old-copper-culture. “MVAC Home.” UW, https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/pre-european-people/archaic-tradition/old-copper-culture/ Administrator. “Southeastern Plumets.” Peach State Archaeological Society, http://peachstatearchaeologicalsociety.org/index.php/20-copper-artifacts/316-old-copper-culture. Ancient Native Americans Were among the World's First Coppersmiths ... https://www.science.org/content/article/ancient-native-americans-were-among-world-s-first-coppersmiths. “Old Copper Culture.” Milwaukee Public Museum, https://www.mpm.edu/research-collections/anthropology/online-collections-research/old-copper-culture. Pompeani, David P, et al. “On the Timing of the Old Copper Complex in North America: A Comparison of Radiocarbon Dates from Different Archaeological Contexts: Radiocarbon.” Cambridge Core, Cambridge University Press, 9 Mar. 2021, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/abs/on-the-timing-of-the-old-copper-complex-in-north-america-a-comparison-of-radiocarbon-dates-from-different-archaeological-contexts/E46715993E58EDC94F225CC6FE776CF2. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Thumbnail - Tom Bjorklund All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: 1.) Augusti J, Lordkipanidze D (June 2011). "How "African" was the early human dispersal out of Africa?". Quaternary Science Reviews. Zhu Z, Dennell R, Huang W, Wu Y, Qiu S, Yang S, et al. (July 2018). "Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1 million years ago". Nature. 559 (7715): 608–612. Barras C (2018). "Tools from China are oldest hint of human lineage outside Africa" 2.) Rogers AR, Iltis D, Wooding S (2004). "Genetic Variation at the MC1R Locus and the Time since Loss of Human Body Hair". Current Anthropology. 45 (1): 105–108. doi:10.1086/381006. S2CID 224795768. 3.) Roach, & Richmond. (2015). "Clavicle length, throwing performance and the reconstruction of the Homo erectus shoulder". Journal of Human Evolution, 80(C), 107–113. 4.) M. Pante et al. Bone tools from Beds II-IV, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and implications for the origins and evolution of bone technology. Journal of Human Evolution. Vol. 148, November 2020, p. 102885. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102885. 5.) James, Steven R. (February 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" Luke, Kim. "Evidence That Human Ancestors Used Fire One Million Years Ago" Miller, Kenneth (May 2013). "Archaeologists Find Earliest Evidence of Humans Cooking With Fire" 6.) Saladié, P.; Huguet, R.; Díez, C.; Rodríguez-Hidalgo, A.; Cáceres, I.; Vallverdú, J.; Rosell, J.; de Castro, J. M. B.; Carbonell, E. (2011). "Carcass transport decisions in Homo antecessor subsistence strategies". 7.) MISHRA, SHEILA. “THE INDIAN LOWER PALAEOLITHIC.” Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute, vol. 66/67, 2006, pp. 47–94. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/42931441. Accessed 14 Oct. 2022. 8.) Antón SC, Taboada HG, Middleton ER, Rainwater CW, Taylor AB, Turner TR, et al. (July 2016). "Morphological variation in Homo erectus and the origins of developmental plasticity" 9.) Yang, L. (2014). "Zhoukoudian: Geography and Culture". Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 7961–7965. 10.) Boaz, N. T.; Ciochon, R. L.; Xu, Q.; Liu, J. (2000). "Large Mammalian Carnivores as a Taphonomic Factor in the Bone Accumulation at Zhoukoudian" ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Start learning a new language today by clicking this link! https://speakly.app.link/Speakly Try free for 7 days, and get a 60% discount if you join the annual subscription. Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: Gathorne-Hardy, F.J, and W.E.H Harcourt-Smith. “The Super-Eruption of Toba, Did It Cause a Human Bottleneck?” Journal of Human Evolution, Academic Press, 2 Sept. 2003, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248403001052. SH;, Ambrose. “Late Pleistocene Human Population Bottlenecks, Volcanic Winter, and Differentiation of Modern Humans.” Journal of Human Evolution, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9650103/. UCT_news. “Modern Humans Flourished through Ancient Supervolcano Eruption 74,000 Years Ago.” EurekAlert!, https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/523443. Ge, Yong, and Xing Gao. “Understanding the Overestimated Impact of the Toba Volcanic Super-Eruption on Global Environments and Ancient Hominins.” Quaternary International, Pergamon, 28 July 2020, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040618220303335. Williams, Martin. “The ~73 ka Toba super-eruption and its impact: History of a debate” Quaternary International May 2012 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104061821100485X Hawks, John. “The so-Called Toba Bottleneck Didn't Happen.” John Hawks Weblog, 9 Feb. 2018, https://johnhawks.net/weblog/reviews/climate/toba-bottleneck-didnt-happen-2018.html. Costa, Antonio, et al. “The Magnitude and Impact of the Youngest Toba Tuff Super-Eruption.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 1 Jan. 1AD, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2014.00016/full. Rampino, Michael R.; Self, Stephen (1993). "Climate–Volcanism Feedback and the Toba Eruption of ~74,000 Years ago" (PDF). Quaternary Research. 40 (3): 269–280. Bibcode:1993QuRes..40..269R Oppenheimer, Clive (August 2002), "Limited global change due to largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba ≈74 kyr BP?", Quaternary Science Reviews, 21 (14–15): 1593–1609, Bibcode:2002QSRv...21.1593O, doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00154-8 Robock, A.; Ammann, C.M.; Oman, L.; Shindell, D.; Levis, S.; Stenchikov, G. (2009). "Did the Toba Volcanic Eruption of ~74k BP Produce Widespread Glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D10): D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD011652 Williams, Martin. “The ~73 ka Toba super-eruption and its impact: History of a debate” Quaternary International May 2012 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104061821100485X Zielinski, G.A.; Mayewski, P.A.; Meeker, L.D.; Whitlow, S.; Twickler, M.S.; Taylor, K. (1996). "Potential Atmospheric Impact of the Toba Mega‐Eruption ~71,000 years ago" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 23 (8): 837–840. Bibcode:1996GeoRL..23..837Z. doi:10.1029/96GL00706. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Robock, A.; Ammann, C.M.; Oman, L.; Shindell, D.; Levis, S.; Stenchikov, G. (2009). "Did the Toba Volcanic Eruption of ~74k BP Produce Widespread Glaciation?". Journal of Geophysical Research. 114 (D10): D10107. Bibcode:2009JGRD..11410107R. doi:10.1029/2008JD01165 Smith, Eugene I., et al. “Humans Thrived in South Africa through the Toba Eruption about 74,000 Years Ago.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 12 Mar. 2018, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25967. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀

#paleoanthropology #human #ancienthuman Thanks for watching, Make sure to like, share, comment, and subscribe! ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out my stuff! Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/north02video/ Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NORTH02reddit/ Email: North02bank@gmail.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ All media displayed in this video is displayed with either permission from the copyright owner, fair use, or is creative commons. If I failed to give proper credit or you do not want your images displayed here, please contact me and I will give credit or immediately remove them at your request. Much of the media displayed in this video is protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Sources: Owsley, Douglas W.; et al. (1994). "Biological effects of European contact on Easter Island". In C.S. Larson; G.R. Milner (eds.). In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest. DiNapoli, R J, Crema, E R, Lipo, C P, et al. (2021). "Approximate Bayesian Computation of radiocarbon and paleoenvironmental record shows population resilience on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)". Nature Communications. Beck, J. Warren (2003), "Mata Ki Te Rangi: Eyes towards the Heavens" West, Barbara A. (2008) Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania Diamond 2005, pp. 103–107 Awes, Maria, and Andy Awes. “Mystery of Easter Island.” NOVA, season 39, episode 3, PBS, 7 Nov. 2012. Hamilton, Sue. “Rapa Nui (Easter Island)’s Stone Worlds.” Archaeology International, vol. 16, 24 Oct. 2013, pp. 96-109. Captain James Cook Footnotes - the Captain Cook Society (CCS). https://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/footnotes-899. “Easter Island History: Imagina Easter Island.” Imagina Rapa Nui Easter Island, 6 Oct. 2021, https://imaginarapanui.com/en/easter-island-history/. Magazine, Smithsonian. “The Secrets of Easter Island.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 1 Mar. 2002, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-secrets-of-easter-island-59989046/. “Moai.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Aug. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moai#1722–1868_toppling_of_the_moai. Thomas, Mike Seager. “Stone Use and Avoidance on Easter Island: Red Scoria from the Topknot Quarry at Puna Pau and Other Sources.” Archaeology in Oceania, vol. 49, no. 2, 10 Apr. 2014, pp. 95-109. “Easter Island.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Aug. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island. Hamilton, Sue, et al. “Say It with Stone: Constructing with Stones on Easter Island.” World Archaeology, vol. 43, no. 2, 14 July 2011, pp. 167-190. Hunt, Terry L., and Carl P. Lipo. The Statues That Walked: Unraveling the Mystery of Easter Island. Simon and Schuster, 2011. Lipo, Carl P., et al. “The ‘Walking’ Megalithic Statues (Moai) of Easter Island.” Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 40, no. 6, June 2013, pp. 2859-2866. Richards, Colin, et al. “Road My Body Goes: Re-Creating Ancestors from Stone at the Greatmoaiquarry of Rano Raraku, Rapa Nui (Easter Island).” World Archaeology, vol. 43, no. 2, 14 July 2011, pp. 191-210. Sentinels in Stone – The Collapse of Easter Island's Culture". Bradshaw Foundation. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015 Scoresby-Routledge, Katherine (1919). The Mystery of Easter Island. London: Hazell, Watson & Viney Hunt, Terry; Lipo, Carl (2012). The Statues That Walked: Unraveling the Mystery of Easter Island.Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, et al. “Genetic Ancestry of Rapanui before and after European Contact.” Current Biology, Elsevier, 12 Oct. 2017, https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31194-6. Thorsby Erik 2012The Polynesian gene pool: an early contribution by Amerindians to Easter IslandPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B367812–819 http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0319 ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀