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The various visual arts exist within a continuum that ranges from purely aesthetic purposes at one end to purely utilitarian purposes at the other. Such a polarity of purpose is reflected in the commonly used terms artist and artisan, the latter understood as one who gives considerable attention to the utilitarian. This should by no means be taken as a rigid scheme, however. Even within one form of art, motives may vary widely; thus a potter or a weaver may create a highly functional work that is at the same time beautiful—a salad bowl, for example, or a blanket—or may create works that have no purpose beyond being admired. In cultures such as those of Africa and Oceania, a definition of art that encompasses this continuum has existed for centuries. In the West, however, by the mid-18th century the development of academies for painting and sculpture established a sense that these media were “art” and therefore separate from more utilitarian media. This separation of art forms continued among art institutions until the late 20th century, when such rigid distinctions began to be questioned

Origin and usage The first recorded use of the term catwalk (spelled cat-walk) comes from the 1885 journal of the renowned artist and children’s author Beatrix Potter, who referred to ‘a slip of a garden, a cat-walk‘. It is a compound formed from the nouns ‘cat’ and ‘walk’, meaning a path for walking on, especially in a garden. Examples Early uses of catwalk, often spelled as two words or hyphenated, refer to a narrow platform or gangway, often on a ship or in an aircraft. In the theatre it refers to a narrow bridge above the stage joining the areas from which the scenery is manipulated. The first reference to the use of the term in fashion dates from only 1970, but it has become by far the dominant meaning. The term ‘runway’ is also used. The height and narrowness of the catwalk at a fashion show are designed to highlight and dramatize the appearance and movements of the models, who walk with a distinctive catwalk strut; so much so that catwalk is sometimes used as a verb, meaning to walk like a model on a catwalk.

It’s kind of humbling to think that your cat, a purring little fluff ball, without so much as a warm-up, could out-sprint the world’s fastest human runner. The fastest a human can run is about 27 mph, and that speed has been reached by only a scant few talented, well-trained athletes in top condition. Your average athlete may run up to 22 mph, and most of us ordinary folk would have trouble out-running an elephant, which can clip along at around 10 – 15 mph.

cat·walk. (kăt′wôk′) n. A narrow, often elevated walkway, as on the sides of a bridge or in the flies above a theater stage.

Squirrels are true omnivores; they eat a combination of various plants and meats. Most of their diet consists of nuts, seeds, fruits, fungi, buds, and even green vegetables. They sometimes supplement this with meat from eggs, insects, young birds, small rodents, amphibians, and even snakes.

‌Cri-du-chat syndrome, also known as cat's cry syndrome and 5p- syndrome, is a genetic condition that causes infants to let out a high-pitched cry that sounds similar to that of a cat crying. Cri-du-chat is a French phrase that, in English, means "cat’s cry."😯😔

Cats, like humans, have a variety of talents and abilities, but the one thing that they excel at the most is sleeping. Cats kill it when it comes to napping — that's why we use the term "catnap" after all. And how they position their body as they catch their zzzs is just as important as where they choose to sleep. You can learn a lot about your cat by taking a good look at their sleeping positions. So the next time your cat takes a nap — like now, or five minutes from now — check out their sleeping position and see what it tells you about their personality. You might be surprised how accurate a reading you get from the way they cover their face or keep their paws pressed together. These are the 10 most common cat sleeping positions and what they mean.Side-sleeping has a few variations. The front paws and back legs can both be stretched out in opposite directions with toes pointed, or they can extend only their arms. This position indicates a cat who’s a go-getter. They don’t wait for opportunities to be handed to them — they make things happen for themselves. Unfortunately, many of these things are mischievous or naughty. It’s not unlikely for a side-sleeper to overindulge in food, play, or catnip. The side-sleeper knows how to have a good time and how to entertain themselves. Have a question about your pet? 24/7 FREE expert advice for any issue — big or small. Email address Email address Enter Vet on a video chat with a gray cat The Lion cat sleeping position - the lion - pawp This position is a combination of the Meatloaf and The Side-Effect. The cat’s back paws are tucked under their body, but their front paws are straight out and pressed together. An example of this stance has been immortalized in the marble lion statues in front of the New York Public Library. Like Patience and Fortitude, the cat who sleeps in this position is courageous, wise, and loyal. They think of themselves as protectors and will defend their home against multi-legged intruders. The Split-Level cat sleeping position - split level - pawp This statement-position is when a cat sleeps on two different levels. For example, the bottom half of the cat is on the floor, while their head is resting on the couch. This position appears to be extremely uncomfortable, but it has its fans. The cat who sleeps split-level-style is eccentric and is an original thinker. They’re adventurous, creative, and are constantly mixing things up because they simply can’t stand doing things the expected way. The Split-Level sleeper has an artistic soul. The Contortionist cat sleeping position - contortionist - pawp This aptly-named position is when a cat twists their body in an unimaginably weird position to get comfortable. This is the go-to sleeping position for a cat who loves to be the center of attention. They know not everybody can twist their body into a pretzel-shape and they love to show off how flexible they are. This position is the equivalent of a humblebrag. You can bet this cat is always Insta-ready and ~smizing~ from the top of the ears to the tip of their tail. The Cinnamon Roll cat sleeping position - cinnamon roll - pawp The CR is the most classic of the sleeping positions and is when a cat tucks themselves up into a tight ball. The cat who prefers this sleeping position is cautious, careful, but has a strong sense of self. They don’t need to do something outrageous or weird to get your attention. Don’t disturb them when they’re napping or they’re likely to get feisty! The Jelly-Belly cat sleeping position - jelly belly - pawp When you see a cat in this position: flat on their back, belly exposed, and in a deep state of relaxation, you know that they’re happy, at ease, and have mastered the art of pure concentrated bliss. When they expose their belly, they’re telling you how much they trust you. The Jelly-Belly is confident, charismatic, and can charm anyone — even someone who swears they don’t like cats. The Pawty-Time Position cat sleeping position - pawty time - pawp This is when two or more cats sleep together and usually with as much contact as possible. Sometimes one cat will use another one as a bed or they’ll sleep B2B (butt to butt). The cats that indulge in co-sleeping are progressive, affectionate, and love to socialize. Life is one big party for them. Anybody got any catnip or cat treats? The Hidden Agenda cat sleeping position - hidden agenda - pawp This is when a cat sleeps wedged-in and hidden somewhere. They like the challenge of sleeping in unexpected spots. This cat has the personality of a feline James Bond — they are daring, bold, and cagey. They need to be able to sleep and know that their enemies can’t get to them. They’re brilliant strategists and can outmaneuver anyone who tries to stop them from getting their sleep on. The Touch cat sleeping position - touch - pawp This position is when a sleeping cat has part of their body on their human. It can be their paw touching your arm, their foot on your leg, or their whole body on your lap. It shows that your cat is loving, caring, and relaxed. It comforts them being able to feel your physical presence. There’s no greater honor than having one cat stretched out on your legs while another one is sleeping underneath your arm. SHARE VIA Facebook Messenger Facebook Twitter Pinterest Share Sheet Stay up to date on the latest from Pawp vets with informative pet content. 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According to the Human Animal Bond Research Institute (HABRI), the human-animal bond is “a mutually beneficial and dynamic relationship between people and animals that is influenced by behaviors that are essential to the health and well-being of both.”2 The emotional, psychological, and physical connections people have with animals and the environment are also incorporated into the definition of the human-animal bond.2 Relationships between humans and animals vary, ranging from non-pet animals used in production and service to the most doted upon family pets, with the majority of animal owners in the middle of this range.3 Therefore, relationships and attachment can vary among people and the animals in their lives. These relationships are also situational and conditional, depending on how humans view the animal.4 For example, a dedicated dog owner may enjoy a medium-rare steak, but balk at the thought of eating horse meat. The historical and scientific context behind the human-animal bond provides a deeper understanding of the relationships between humans and animals, offers insight into how fulfilling this bond can be, and helps the veterinary team better integrate the bond into clinical culture.

Bridges and flyovers in India become landmarks. If you want to give anyone directions, they are best described by the nearness of a bridge or flyover. Bridges are of various types. Construction of these structures depends upon location, budget, its use, among other things. Suspension, masonry, arch, steel deck, pylons, cantilever, concrete, are only some of the common ones seen in India. Akhil Gupta, executive director, operations, Afcons Infrastructure, says, “The success of any engineering project depends on complete understanding and co-operation among various stakeholders involved in the project. Involvement of local people, administration and sensitising them about the need of the project and benefits that accrue to the local economy are always kept in mind. We look at opportunities to bring improvement in design and aesthetics of bridge and work closely with consultants, clients, environment agencies while working on any project.” For Afcons, from capturing stakeholder expectations and translating into constructible drawings, to designing for extreme engineering, its teams come together to become a dependable force to match ambitions of the organisation and clients alike.

balloon, large airtight bag filled with hot air or a lighter-than-air gas, such as helium or hydrogen, to provide buoyancy so that it will rise and float in the atmosphere. Transport balloons have a basket or container hung below for passengers or cargo. A self-propelled steerable balloon is called an airship or a dirigible. hot-air balloon hot-air balloon See all media Key People: Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac Auguste Piccard Dick Smith Jean-Pierre Blanchard Ben L. Abruzzo Related Topics: hot-air balloon basket envelope high-altitude balloon captive balloon Balloons were used in the first successful human attempts at flying. Experimentation with balloonlike craft may have begun as early as 1709 with the work of Bartolomeu Lourenço de Gusmão, a Brazilian priest and inventor. In 1783 Joseph and Étienne Montgolfier at Annonay, France, confirmed that a fabric bag filled with hot air would rise. On June 4 of that year they launched an unmanned balloon that traveled more than 1.5 miles (2.4 km). At Versailles they repeated the experiment with a larger balloon on September 19, 1783, sending a sheep, rooster, and duck aloft. On November 21, 1783, the first manned flight took place when Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent, marquis d’Arlandes, sailed over Paris in a Montgolfier balloon. They burned wool and straw to keep the air in the balloon hot; their flight covered 5.5 miles (almost 9 km) in about 23 minutes. In December of that year the physicist Jacques Charles, accompanied by Nicolas-Louis Robert, flew a balloon filled with hydrogen on a two-hour flight. Montgolfier balloon Montgolfier balloon Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent, marquis d'Arlandes, ascending in a Montgolfier balloon at the Château de la Muette, Paris, November 21, 1783. © Photos.com/Jupiterimages Surveil the surroundings from a military balloon aircraft utilized throughout World War I Surveil the surroundings from a military balloon aircraft utilized throughout World War I World War I is remembered for its terrible combination of technological ingenuity and strategic indecisiveness. The growth of army sizes, and the introduction of new weapons like long-range heavy artillery and chemical gas, turned combat into mechanized carnage on an unprecedented scale. It also made it more essential than ever for armies to gather information about enemy troops and weapons. Stationary balloons were used for observation and artillery spotting as early as the American Civil War but found widespread use in World War I. This video shows the view from a balloon over the Western Front. See all videos for this article Military uses for balloons were soon developed. Anchored observation balloons were used by Napoleon in some of his battles and by both sides in the American Civil War and in World War I. The powered airship developed from balloons, but, while the airship was eventually supplanted by the airplane, balloons have continued to find useful applications. During World War II, balloons were anchored over many parts of Britain to defend against low-level bombing or dive-bombing. Marketing Vici You could earn a second income by investing small amounts in Amazon and others stocks SPONSORED BY MARKETING VICI Learn More View the picturesque landscape of New Zealand's Southern Alps in a hot-air balloon View the picturesque landscape of New Zealand's Southern Alps in a hot-air balloon Learn about hot-air ballooning in the Southern Alps of New Zealand's South Island. © Fun Travel TV (A Britannica Publishing Partner) See all videos for this article Balloons have also proved enormously valuable to science. As early as 1911–12, Victor Francis Hess, an Austrian physicist, made a daring series of balloon ascents as high as 5,000 metres (about 3 miles) to prove the existence of cosmic rays. Advances in weather science since 1900 have resulted in great part from intensive exploration of the upper air by instrumented free balloons, which have risen to an altitude of 30 km (19 miles). Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist and educator, set a world’s altitude record in May 1931 in a balloon of his own design, which featured the first pressurized cabin used in flight. Jean-Felix Piccard, twin brother of Auguste, experimented with plastic balloons and helped to design the polyethylene Skyhook series of high-altitude balloons with which the U.S. Air Force sent manned flights to more than 100,000 feet (30,000 metres) to collect data on the upper atmosphere. Sport ballooning has gained in popularity over the years. Piccard balloon Piccard balloon Ascent of a Piccard balloon UPI/Bettmann Archive hot-air balloon hot-air balloon Hot-air balloons. AdstockRF This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.