HistoryGang

From the KGB to the Kremlin, and operating from the Caucasus to Crimea and beyond, how and why did Vladimir Putin become the man he is today? Born on October 7, 1952, Putin's early years saw an austere Soviet-era apartment, common for many of his generation. His father, a decorated veteran of the Soviet Navy in World War II, and his mother, a factory worker, instilled in him the values of hard work and patriotism from a young age. It wasn't all grim, though; Putin found an outlet in judo, a sport where discipline and strategy converge— traits that would define his later career. His prowess in judo wasn't just about physical strength; it helped shape his determination and tactical thinking. Pursuing higher education, Putin graduated from Leningrad State University with a degree in law, a foundation that would serve him well in the intricate world of politics and intelligence. His legal acumen caught the eye of the KGB, marking the beginning of a 16-year stint as an intelligence officer, a role that took him from the shadows of East Germany back to the Soviet Union's crumbling facade. The disintegration of the Soviet Union could have been a dead-end for many in the KGB, but Putin saw it as an opening. Leaving the KGB in 1991, he ventured into the political arena of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg. Under the wing of Anatoly Sobchak, the city's reformist mayor, Putin sharpened his political skills, navigating the treacherous waters of post-Soviet Russia with a blend of pragmatism and ruthlessness. This was just the prologue. From the KGB to the Kremlin, and operating from the Caucasus to Crimea and beyond, how and why did Vladimir Putin become the man he is today? Born on October 7, 1952, Putin's early years saw an austere Soviet-era apartment, common for many of his generation. His father, a decorated veteran of the Soviet Navy in World War II, and his mother, a factory worker, instilled in him the values of hard work and patriotism from a young age. It wasn't all grim, though; Putin found an outlet in judo, a sport where discipline and strategy converge— traits that would define his later career. His prowess in judo wasn't just about physical strength; it helped shape his determination and tactical thinking. Pursuing higher education, Putin graduated from Leningrad State University with a degree in law, a foundation that would serve him well in the intricate world of politics and intelligence. His legal acumen caught the eye of the KGB, marking the beginning of a 16-year stint as an intelligence officer, a role that took him from the shadows of East Germany back to the Soviet Union's crumbling facade. The disintegration of the Soviet Union could have been a dead-end for many in the KGB, but Putin saw it as an opening. Leaving the KGB in 1991, he ventured into the political arena of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg. Under the wing of Anatoly Sobchak, the city's reformist mayor, Putin sharpened his political skills, navigating the treacherous waters of post-Soviet Russia with a blend of pragmatism and ruthlessness. This was just the prologue. From the KGB to the Kremlin, and operating from the Caucasus to Crimea and beyond, how and why did Vladimir Putin become the man he is today? Born on October 7, 1952, Putin's early years saw an austere Soviet-era apartment, common for many of his generation. His father, a decorated veteran of the Soviet Navy in World War II, and his mother, a factory worker, instilled in him the values of hard work and patriotism from a young age. It wasn't all grim, though; Putin found an outlet in judo, a sport where discipline and strategy converge— traits that would define his later career. His prowess in judo wasn't just about physical strength; it helped shape his determination and tactical thinking. Pursuing higher education, Putin graduated from Leningrad State University with a degree in law, a foundation that would serve him well in the intricate world of politics and intelligence. His legal acumen caught the eye of the KGB, marking the beginning of a 16-year stint as an intelligence officer, a role that took him from the shadows of East Germany back to the Soviet Union's crumbling facade. The disintegration of the Soviet Union could have been a dead-end for many in the KGB, but Putin saw it as an opening. Leaving the KGB in 1991, he ventured into the political arena of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg. Under the wing of Anatoly Sobchak, the city's reformist mayor, Putin sharpened his political skills, navigating the treacherous waters of post-Soviet Russia with a blend of pragmatism and ruthlessness. This was just the prologue.

Did you have a good Valentine’s Day? No? Well too bad. Here’s why you’ve been roped into buying unnecessary things for your partner. ______ Valentine's Day, cloaked in the guise of modern love, traces its roots to the raucous Roman festival of Lupercalia. Here, in a celebration that makes modern dating apps look tame, young Romans engaged in fertility rites that included animal sacrifices and, of all things, matchmaking by lottery. Fast forward to the third century, and we meet a defiant priest named Valentine. This man, in a bold move against Emperor Claudius II's ban on young soldiers marrying, decided love trumps law. Secret marriages were Valentine's specialty, until his execution made him a martyr of love. As centuries turned, Lupercalia's pagan edges softened under the Christian cloak, morphing into a day honoring Saint Valentine. Did you have a good Valentine’s Day? No? Well too bad. Here’s why you’ve been roped into buying unnecessary things for your partner. ______ Valentine's Day, cloaked in the guise of modern love, traces its roots to the raucous Roman festival of Lupercalia. Here, in a celebration that makes modern dating apps look tame, young Romans engaged in fertility rites that included animal sacrifices and, of all things, matchmaking by lottery. Fast forward to the third century, and we meet a defiant priest named Valentine. This man, in a bold move against Emperor Claudius II's ban on young soldiers marrying, decided love trumps law. Secret marriages were Valentine's specialty, until his execution made him a martyr of love. As centuries turned, Lupercalia's pagan edges softened under the Christian cloak, morphing into a day honoring Saint Valentine. Did you have a good Valentine’s Day? No? Well too bad. Here’s why you’ve been roped into buying unnecessary things for your partner. ______ Valentine's Day, cloaked in the guise of modern love, traces its roots to the raucous Roman festival of Lupercalia. Here, in a celebration that makes modern dating apps look tame, young Romans engaged in fertility rites that included animal sacrifices and, of all things, matchmaking by lottery. Fast forward to the third century, and we meet a defiant priest named Valentine. This man, in a bold move against Emperor Claudius II's ban on young soldiers marrying, decided love trumps law. Secret marriages were Valentine's specialty, until his execution made him a martyr of love. As centuries turned, Lupercalia's pagan edges softened under the Christian cloak, morphing into a day honoring Saint Valentine. Did you have a good Valentine’s Day? No? Well too bad. Here’s why you’ve been roped into buying unnecessary things for your partner. ______ Valentine's Day, cloaked in the guise of modern love, traces its roots to the raucous Roman festival of Lupercalia. Here, in a celebration that makes modern dating apps look tame, young Romans engaged in fertility rites that included animal sacrifices and, of all things, matchmaking by lottery. Fast forward to the third century, and we meet a defiant priest named Valentine. This man, in a bold move against Emperor Claudius II's ban on young soldiers marrying, decided love trumps law. Secret marriages were Valentine's specialty, until his execution made him a martyr of love. As centuries turned, Lupercalia's pagan edges softened under the Christian cloak, morphing into a day honoring Saint Valentine.

From drinking gladiator blood to lobotomies, humanity's quest for cures has led us down some dark, twisted paths. You’re unlikely to know about the ones we’ll cover! _________ In ancient Rome, the Colosseum was the go-to spot for brutal combat and public spectacle. Gladiators clashed in fierce battles, their struggles a form of entertainment for the eager crowd. Amidst the violence, a peculiar belief took hold: that the blood of a gladiator had healing powers. We’ll just let modern medical systems take notes for a moment… ok! Romans believed that this blood could cure various ailments, from infertility to weakness. In a society fixated on vitality, the idea of seeking life from the throes of death was oddly fitting. Spectators would scramble to collect the spilled blood, convinced it would rejuvenate them. As gladiators fought and bled, their blood was seen as a remedy and a chance to absorb their strength and courage. But let's consider the desperation that led to such practices. However, as time progressed, the popularity of gladiator fights declined, and with it, the practice of drinking their blood. The empire crumbled, and this once-common belief faded into obscurity. So much for that miracle cure. Are there modern examples of people drinking the blood of others? Aside from occultists, there is one example of a Japanese man who would drink donated blood in order to survive, on account of his unique medical condition. At least this blood was donated willingly. The brain matter in our next medical practice probably wasn’t.. From drinking gladiator blood to lobotomies, humanity's quest for cures has led us down some dark, twisted paths. You’re unlikely to know about the ones we’ll cover! _________ In ancient Rome, the Colosseum was the go-to spot for brutal combat and public spectacle. Gladiators clashed in fierce battles, their struggles a form of entertainment for the eager crowd. Amidst the violence, a peculiar belief took hold: that the blood of a gladiator had healing powers. We’ll just let modern medical systems take notes for a moment… ok! Romans believed that this blood could cure various ailments, from infertility to weakness. In a society fixated on vitality, the idea of seeking life from the throes of death was oddly fitting. Spectators would scramble to collect the spilled blood, convinced it would rejuvenate them. As gladiators fought and bled, their blood was seen as a remedy and a chance to absorb their strength and courage. But let's consider the desperation that led to such practices. However, as time progressed, the popularity of gladiator fights declined, and with it, the practice of drinking their blood. The empire crumbled, and this once-common belief faded into obscurity. So much for that miracle cure. Are there modern examples of people drinking the blood of others? Aside from occultists, there is one example of a Japanese man who would drink donated blood in order to survive, on account of his unique medical condition. At least this blood was donated willingly. The brain matter in our next medical practice probably wasn’t.. From drinking gladiator blood to lobotomies, humanity's quest for cures has led us down some dark, twisted paths. You’re unlikely to know about the ones we’ll cover! _________ In ancient Rome, the Colosseum was the go-to spot for brutal combat and public spectacle. Gladiators clashed in fierce battles, their struggles a form of entertainment for the eager crowd. Amidst the violence, a peculiar belief took hold: that the blood of a gladiator had healing powers. We’ll just let modern medical systems take notes for a moment… ok! Romans believed that this blood could cure various ailments, from infertility to weakness. In a society fixated on vitality, the idea of seeking life from the throes of death was oddly fitting. Spectators would scramble to collect the spilled blood, convinced it would rejuvenate them. As gladiators fought and bled, their blood was seen as a remedy and a chance to absorb their strength and courage. But let's consider the desperation that led to such practices. However, as time progressed, the popularity of gladiator fights declined, and with it, the practice of drinking their blood. The empire crumbled, and this once-common belief faded into obscurity. So much for that miracle cure. Are there modern examples of people drinking the blood of others? Aside from occultists, there is one example of a Japanese man who would drink donated blood in order to survive, on account of his unique medical condition. At least this blood was donated willingly. The brain matter in our next medical practice probably wasn’t..

The education systems in most western countries were literally designed to strip you of your individuality and drive you to be average, mediocre, or even, an NPC. Peel back the pages of history, and you'll find a playbook designed not just to enlighten but to engineer societies, a system designed to push out obedient soldiers, and pushed by the world’s first billionaire. ______ In the shadows of 18th century Prussia, under the reign of Frederick the Great, an educational revolution was quietly brewing, influenced by their defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. A state-controlled behemoth designed to mould young minds into loyal subjects was taking shape. The Prussian education system, crafted with meticulous care, was a master plan for churning out citizens as disciplined and obedient as soldiers, with a curriculum that might make modern students balk. The school day where mathematics and critical thinking were premium add-ons, while religious indoctrination and singing patriotic songs are the norm, all under the strict gaze of state-sanctioned teachers. This was for the commonfolk of course, who were intended to make up the rank-and-file. The education systems in most western countries were literally designed to strip you of your individuality and drive you to be average, mediocre, or even, an NPC. Peel back the pages of history, and you'll find a playbook designed not just to enlighten but to engineer societies, a system designed to push out obedient soldiers, and pushed by the world’s first billionaire. ______ In the shadows of 18th century Prussia, under the reign of Frederick the Great, an educational revolution was quietly brewing, influenced by their defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. A state-controlled behemoth designed to mould young minds into loyal subjects was taking shape. The Prussian education system, crafted with meticulous care, was a master plan for churning out citizens as disciplined and obedient as soldiers, with a curriculum that might make modern students balk. The school day where mathematics and critical thinking were premium add-ons, while religious indoctrination and singing patriotic songs are the norm, all under the strict gaze of state-sanctioned teachers. This was for the commonfolk of course, who were intended to make up the rank-and-file. The education systems in most western countries were literally designed to strip you of your individuality and drive you to be average, mediocre, or even, an NPC. Peel back the pages of history, and you'll find a playbook designed not just to enlighten but to engineer societies, a system designed to push out obedient soldiers, and pushed by the world’s first billionaire. ______ In the shadows of 18th century Prussia, under the reign of Frederick the Great, an educational revolution was quietly brewing, influenced by their defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. A state-controlled behemoth designed to mould young minds into loyal subjects was taking shape. The Prussian education system, crafted with meticulous care, was a master plan for churning out citizens as disciplined and obedient as soldiers, with a curriculum that might make modern students balk. The school day where mathematics and critical thinking were premium add-ons, while religious indoctrination and singing patriotic songs are the norm, all under the strict gaze of state-sanctioned teachers. This was for the commonfolk of course, who were intended to make up the rank-and-file.

In a twist that sounds like fiction, World War II's closing days saw German and American soldiers unite for a battle like no other. _______ Castle Itter in Austria was not your typical fairy-tale castle. Built in the Austrian Alps, this fortress acted as a prison for mainly French VIPs during World War II. It was a cozy little spot for high-profile prisoners such as former Prime Ministers Paul Reynaud, Édouard Daladier, and a celebrity appearance by Charles de Gaulle's sister, Marie-Agnès Cailliau. In 1945 the war was coming to its close in Europe and things at Castle Itter were getting spicy. Initially, the SS were running the show, but as they abandoned the castle around the 2nd of May. In one of the most fortunate management changes in history, the Wehrmacht stepped in on the 4th. The guards and the guarded had to face a new reality however: with the war ending, who's friend and who's foe? The lines got blurrier than a Monet painting. This of course sets the stage for the coming events, but does not quite cover their truly bizarre nature. It's like one of those awkward dinner parties, but with the fate of some of France's VIPs hanging in the balance and the SS potentially crashing the party. Stay tuned, because this is just the beginning of the castle's odd role in the final act of the war. In a twist that sounds like fiction, World War II's closing days saw German and American soldiers unite for a battle like no other. _______ Castle Itter in Austria was not your typical fairy-tale castle. Built in the Austrian Alps, this fortress acted as a prison for mainly French VIPs during World War II. It was a cozy little spot for high-profile prisoners such as former Prime Ministers Paul Reynaud, Édouard Daladier, and a celebrity appearance by Charles de Gaulle's sister, Marie-Agnès Cailliau. In 1945 the war was coming to its close in Europe and things at Castle Itter were getting spicy. Initially, the SS were running the show, but as they abandoned the castle around the 2nd of May. In one of the most fortunate management changes in history, the Wehrmacht stepped in on the 4th. The guards and the guarded had to face a new reality however: with the war ending, who's friend and who's foe? The lines got blurrier than a Monet painting. This of course sets the stage for the coming events, but does not quite cover their truly bizarre nature. It's like one of those awkward dinner parties, but with the fate of some of France's VIPs hanging in the balance and the SS potentially crashing the party. Stay tuned, because this is just the beginning of the castle's odd role in the final act of the war. In a twist that sounds like fiction, World War II's closing days saw German and American soldiers unite for a battle like no other. _______ Castle Itter in Austria was not your typical fairy-tale castle. Built in the Austrian Alps, this fortress acted as a prison for mainly French VIPs during World War II. It was a cozy little spot for high-profile prisoners such as former Prime Ministers Paul Reynaud, Édouard Daladier, and a celebrity appearance by Charles de Gaulle's sister, Marie-Agnès Cailliau. In 1945 the war was coming to its close in Europe and things at Castle Itter were getting spicy. Initially, the SS were running the show, but as they abandoned the castle around the 2nd of May. In one of the most fortunate management changes in history, the Wehrmacht stepped in on the 4th. The guards and the guarded had to face a new reality however: with the war ending, who's friend and who's foe? The lines got blurrier than a Monet painting. This of course sets the stage for the coming events, but does not quite cover their truly bizarre nature. It's like one of those awkward dinner parties, but with the fate of some of France's VIPs hanging in the balance and the SS potentially crashing the party. Stay tuned, because this is just the beginning of the castle's odd role in the final act of the war.

Imagine being so charmingly deceptive that you could sell the Eiffel Tower… twice! _______ The man we are referring to is Victor Lustig, born in 1890 in Hostinné, a small town nestled in the rugged terrain of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. From an early age, he demonstrated remarkable intelligence, showing an innate ability to grasp complex concepts with ease - a character straight out of a rogue's gallery. As a young boy, Lustig exhibited a natural aptitude for languages, mastering not only his native Czech but also German, English, and French. This intellectual prowess set the stage for a life that veered dramatically off the beaten path. His parents, ordinary and hardworking folk, hoped their son's brilliance would lead to a respectable career… However, the cunning Lustig had other plans. At the age of 19, while taking a temporary hiatus from his studies in the bustling city of Paris, his life took a dramatic turn. Imagine being so charmingly deceptive that you could sell the Eiffel Tower… twice! _______ The man we are referring to is Victor Lustig, born in 1890 in Hostinné, a small town nestled in the rugged terrain of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. From an early age, he demonstrated remarkable intelligence, showing an innate ability to grasp complex concepts with ease - a character straight out of a rogue's gallery. As a young boy, Lustig exhibited a natural aptitude for languages, mastering not only his native Czech but also German, English, and French. This intellectual prowess set the stage for a life that veered dramatically off the beaten path. His parents, ordinary and hardworking folk, hoped their son's brilliance would lead to a respectable career… However, the cunning Lustig had other plans. At the age of 19, while taking a temporary hiatus from his studies in the bustling city of Paris, his life took a dramatic turn. Imagine being so charmingly deceptive that you could sell the Eiffel Tower… twice! _______ The man we are referring to is Victor Lustig, born in 1890 in Hostinné, a small town nestled in the rugged terrain of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. From an early age, he demonstrated remarkable intelligence, showing an innate ability to grasp complex concepts with ease - a character straight out of a rogue's gallery. As a young boy, Lustig exhibited a natural aptitude for languages, mastering not only his native Czech but also German, English, and French. This intellectual prowess set the stage for a life that veered dramatically off the beaten path. His parents, ordinary and hardworking folk, hoped their son's brilliance would lead to a respectable career… However, the cunning Lustig had other plans. At the age of 19, while taking a temporary hiatus from his studies in the bustling city of Paris, his life took a dramatic turn.

Ever heard of a Viking who took an arrow to the throat while in a berserk rage? Meet Harald Hardrada, the Norseman who wasn't just content with being a king; an explorer, a mercenary, a slaughtering berserker, and an expansionist monarch - he aimed for legend. From Byzantine back-alleys to English battlefields, here's a tale that redefines 'epic'. ________ Ah, royalty. You'd think being born with a silver spoon would mean sipping mead from golden goblets, right? But for Harald Hardrada, life was less about riches and more about... let's call it "overcoming struggle. Constant struggle.." It was less about lullabies, more about legends. Especially one legend: Olaf Haraldsson, later dubbed Saint Olaf. Not just any big brother, but a larger-than-life figure, casting a shadow that felt more like an eclipse. Now, let's set the scene of Norway back then. Forget the fairy-tale fjords; think more "Game of Thrones" with a dash of Viking ruthlessness. In this whirlwind, Harald wasn't just another pawn. He was a player. Every move, every decision, was a step towards a destiny that seemed almost preordained. Ever heard of a Viking who took an arrow to the throat while in a berserk rage? Meet Harald Hardrada, the Norseman who wasn't just content with being a king; an explorer, a mercenary, a slaughtering berserker, and an expansionist monarch - he aimed for legend. From Byzantine back-alleys to English battlefields, here's a tale that redefines 'epic'. ________ Ah, royalty. You'd think being born with a silver spoon would mean sipping mead from golden goblets, right? But for Harald Hardrada, life was less about riches and more about... let's call it "overcoming struggle. Constant struggle.." It was less about lullabies, more about legends. Especially one legend: Olaf Haraldsson, later dubbed Saint Olaf. Not just any big brother, but a larger-than-life figure, casting a shadow that felt more like an eclipse. Now, let's set the scene of Norway back then. Forget the fairy-tale fjords; think more "Game of Thrones" with a dash of Viking ruthlessness. In this whirlwind, Harald wasn't just another pawn. He was a player. Every move, every decision, was a step towards a destiny that seemed almost preordained. Ever heard of a Viking who took an arrow to the throat while in a berserk rage? Meet Harald Hardrada, the Norseman who wasn't just content with being a king; an explorer, a mercenary, a slaughtering berserker, and an expansionist monarch - he aimed for legend. From Byzantine back-alleys to English battlefields, here's a tale that redefines 'epic'. ________ Ah, royalty. You'd think being born with a silver spoon would mean sipping mead from golden goblets, right? But for Harald Hardrada, life was less about riches and more about... let's call it "overcoming struggle. Constant struggle.." It was less about lullabies, more about legends. Especially one legend: Olaf Haraldsson, later dubbed Saint Olaf. Not just any big brother, but a larger-than-life figure, casting a shadow that felt more like an eclipse. Now, let's set the scene of Norway back then. Forget the fairy-tale fjords; think more "Game of Thrones" with a dash of Viking ruthlessness. In this whirlwind, Harald wasn't just another pawn. He was a player. Every move, every decision, was a step towards a destiny that seemed almost preordained.

Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClJgKf1Xb0xrRO7-r9J3bqQ/join Assassinating their own emperor is obviously something a bodyguard should not do… and yet the Praetorian Guards of Rome did exactly this, multiple times. How? Well… it’s complicated. ______________ We’ll start with something juicy – the murders. Emperors Caligula and Pertinax were assassinated by the Guard in 41 AD and 193 AD respectively. Why? Abuse of power and extreme cruelty, excessive taxation, and poor military decision-making are the reasons for Caligula’s death. Attempted reforms of the guard, and financial austerity resulted in Pertinax being assassinated. It is after his death the Praetorians auctioned off the throne to the highest bidder, leading to the rule of Emperor Didius Julianus. But how did the Guard find itself in such a situation? It began at their very inception. The Praetorian Guard, instituted by Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE, marked a pivotal development in the structure of imperial security in ancient Rome. Formed from the amalgamation of select troops in the wake of civil war, the Praetorians were established with a specific focus on safeguarding the Roman emperor and maintaining order within the capital city, Rome. Assassinating their own emperor is obviously something a bodyguard should not do… and yet the Praetorian Guards of Rome did exactly this, multiple times. How? Well… it’s complicated. ______________ We’ll start with something juicy – the murders. Emperors Caligula and Pertinax were assassinated by the Guard in 41 AD and 193 AD respectively. Why? Abuse of power and extreme cruelty, excessive taxation, and poor military decision-making are the reasons for Caligula’s death. Attempted reforms of the guard, and financial austerity resulted in Pertinax being assassinated. It is after his death the Praetorians auctioned off the throne to the highest bidder, leading to the rule of Emperor Didius Julianus. But how did the Guard find itself in such a situation? It began at their very inception. The Praetorian Guard, instituted by Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE, marked a pivotal development in the structure of imperial security in ancient Rome. Formed from the amalgamation of select troops in the wake of civil war, the Praetorians were established with a specific focus on safeguarding the Roman emperor and maintaining order within the capital city, Rome. Assassinating their own emperor is obviously something a bodyguard should not do… and yet the Praetorian Guards of Rome did exactly this, multiple times. How? Well… it’s complicated. ______________ We’ll start with something juicy – the murders. Emperors Caligula and Pertinax were assassinated by the Guard in 41 AD and 193 AD respectively. Why? Abuse of power and extreme cruelty, excessive taxation, and poor military decision-making are the reasons for Caligula’s death. Attempted reforms of the guard, and financial austerity resulted in Pertinax being assassinated. It is after his death the Praetorians auctioned off the throne to the highest bidder, leading to the rule of Emperor Didius Julianus. But how did the Guard find itself in such a situation? It began at their very inception. The Praetorian Guard, instituted by Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE, marked a pivotal development in the structure of imperial security in ancient Rome. Formed from the amalgamation of select troops in the wake of civil war, the Praetorians were established with a specific focus on safeguarding the Roman emperor and maintaining order within the capital city, Rome.

Disclaimer: Due to a limited quantity of media depicting these events, we have substituted footage and imagery where appropriate. We have also tried to avoid using too much footage from the film '47 Ronin', as this movie delves into the realm of fantasy, despite having a historical inspiration. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClJgKf1Xb0xrRO7-r9J3bqQ/join How far would you go for revenge? Think about it for a moment – because the story of the 47 Ronin may make you reconsider your ability to hold a grudge . It all began with Asano Naganori, a lord provoked to the brink by Kira Yoshinaka's insults, leading him to commit a taboo act of violence within Edo Castle's sacred walls. _______ The Tokugawa Shogunate period, a time of relative peace yet rigid class structures, was the backdrop for the 47 Ronin's tale. The Shogunate, ruling from Edo (now Tokyo), had consolidated power, bringing the daimyo, feudal lords, under its control. It was a period marked by a strict social hierarchy, with the samurai class serving as the military and bureaucratic backbone of this societal structure. Daimyos were powerful regional lords, commanding private armies of samurai. These samurai were not just warriors but also adherents of Bushido, a code emphasizing loyalty, honor, and martial arts skills. In this system, the Shogun was the de facto ruler of Japan, although the Emperor remained the figurehead. The Shogunate's authority was maintained through a combination of political acumen and military might, with the samurai serving as the enforcers of their rule. How far would you go for revenge? Think about it for a moment – because the story of the 47 Ronin may make you reconsider your ability to hold a grudge. It all began with Asano Naganori, a lord provoked to the brink by Kira Yoshinaka's insults, leading him to commit a taboo act of vi0lence within Edo Castle's sacred walls. _______ The Tokugawa Shogunate period, a time of relative peace yet rigid class structures, was the backdrop for the 47 Ronin's tale. The Shogunate, ruling from Edo (now Tokyo), had consolidated power, bringing the daimyo, feudal lords, under its control. It was a period marked by a strict social hierarchy, with the samurai class serving as the military and bureaucratic backbone of this societal structure. Daimyos were powerful regional lords, commanding private armies of samurai. These samurai were not just warriors but also adherents of Bushido, a code emphasizing loyalty, honor, and martial arts skills. In this system, the Shogun was the de facto ruler of Japan, although the Emperor remained the figurehead. The Shogunate's authority was maintained through a combination of political acumen and military might, with the samurai serving as the enforcers of their rule. How far would you go for revenge? Think about it for a moment – because the story of the 47 Ronin may make you reconsider your ability to hold a grudge. It all began with Asano Naganori, a lord provoked to the brink by Kira Yoshinaka's insults, leading him to commit a taboo act of violence within Edo Castle's sacred walls. _______ The Tokugawa Shogunate period, a time of relative peace yet rigid class structures, was the backdrop for the 47 Ronin's tale. The Shogunate, ruling from Edo (now Tokyo), had consolidated power, bringing the daimyo, feudal lords, under its control. It was a period marked by a strict social hierarchy, with the samurai class serving as the military and bureaucratic backbone of this societal structure. Daimyos were powerful regional lords, commanding private armies of samurai. These samurai were not just warriors but also adherents of Bushido, a code emphasizing loyalty, honor, and martial arts skills. In this system, the Shogun was the de facto ruler of Japan, although the Emperor remained the figurehead. The Shogunate's authority was maintained through a combination of political acumen and military might, with the samurai serving as the enforcers of their rule. How far would you go for revenge? Think about it for a moment – because the story of the 47 Ronin may make you reconsider your ability to hold a grudge. It all began with Asano Naganori, a lord provoked to the brink by Kira Yoshinaka's insults, leading him to commit a taboo act of violence within Edo Castle's sacred walls. _______ The Tokugawa Shogunate period, a time of relative peace yet rigid class structures, was the backdrop for the 47 Ronin's tale. The Shogunate, ruling from Edo (now Tokyo), had consolidated power, bringing the daimyo, feudal lords, under its control. It was a period marked by a strict social hierarchy, with the samurai class serving as the military and bureaucratic backbone of this societal structure. Daimyos were powerful regional lords, commanding private armies of samurai. T

Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClJgKf1Xb0xrRO7-r9J3bqQ/join Perrier Terrail, better known as Chevalier de Bayard may be the greatest knight you’ve never heard of. Why? Well, it’s complicated, much of his story shrouded in legend – let’s talk about these legends. ________ The descendant of a noble family with a military tradition, Bayard was born at the Château Bayard, Dauphiné (near Pontcharra, Isère) in southern France. He was the successor of three generations to have fallen in battle prior to him. The year of his birth was fourteen-seventy-six. The Bayard family had established itself as a notable lineage in the region, and it is from here that Bayard would inherit many of his core traits. During the late 15th century, the upbringing of noble children, especially those destined for knighthood, followed a set pattern. Young boys from noble families were often sent to live in the households of more experienced knights or lords, where they would begin their education in the ways of knighthood. This early training included learning how to handle weapons, understanding the code of chivalry, and receiving a basic education in letters and courtly manners. As a nobleman, Chevalier de Bayard would likely have received this customary upbringing, serving as a squire. His childhood would have been marked by a focus on physical training, equipping him with the skills needed for a life on the battlefield. Moreover, he would have been instilled with the values of honor, courage, and loyalty, central tenets of the medieval chivalric code. Perrier Terrail, better known as Chevalier de Bayard may be the greatest knight you’ve never heard of. Why? Well, it’s complicated, much of his story shrouded in legend – let’s talk about these legends. ________ The descendant of a noble family with a military tradition, Bayard was born at the Château Bayard, Dauphiné (near Pontcharra, Isère) in southern France. He was the successor of three generations to have fallen in battle prior to him. The year of his birth was fourteen-seventy-six. The Bayard family had established itself as a notable lineage in the region, and it is from here that Bayard would inherit many of his core traits. During the late 15th century, the upbringing of noble children, especially those destined for knighthood, followed a set pattern. Young boys from noble families were often sent to live in the households of more experienced knights or lords, where they would begin their education in the ways of knighthood. This early training included learning how to handle weapons, understanding the code of chivalry, and receiving a basic education in letters and courtly manners. As a nobleman, Chevalier de Bayard would likely have received this customary upbringing, serving as a squire. His childhood would have been marked by a focus on physical training, equipping him with the skills needed for a life on the battlefield. Moreover, he would have been instilled with the values of honor, courage, and loyalty, central tenets of the medieval chivalric code. Perrier Terrail, better known as Chevalier de Bayard may be the greatest knight you’ve never heard of. Why? Well, it’s complicated, much of his story shrouded in legend – let’s talk about these legends. ________ The descendant of a noble family with a military tradition, Bayard was born at the Château Bayard, Dauphiné (near Pontcharra, Isère) in southern France. He was the successor of three generations to have fallen in battle prior to him. The year of his birth was fourteen-seventy-six. The Bayard family had established itself as a notable lineage in the region, and it is from here that Bayard would inherit many of his core traits. During the late 15th century, the upbringing of noble children, especially those destined for knighthood, followed a set pattern. Young boys from noble families were often sent to live in the households of more experienced knights or lords, where they would begin their education in the ways of knighthood. This early training included learning how to handle weapons, understanding the code of chivalry, and receiving a basic education in letters and courtly manners. As a nobleman, Chevalier de Bayard would likely have received this customary upbringing, serving as a squire. His childhood would have been marked by a focus on physical training, equipping him with the skills needed for a life on the battlefield. Moreover, he would have been instilled with the values of honor, courage, and loyalty, central tenets of the medieval chivalric code.

What if I told you folks were so fashion-forward that they rocked exaggerated bulges right on their crotches? I kid you not. ______ The codpiece was quite the fashion statement back in the Renaissance, These padded, decorative groin enhancers weren't just a simple accessory; they were a bold exclamation of manhood. Or something like that…. Day-to-day, men strutted around with these conspicuous, bulging additions to their trousers. Codpieces were effectively the 15th-century version of "armored dong enhancers." They came in various shapes and sizes, ranging from subtle to outrageously exaggerated. Now, you may wonder, "Why on Earth would anyone wear these things?" Well, the Renaissance was an era of opulence and extravagance, and like today, fashion was more than just clothing; it was a reflection of one's social status and power. What if I told you folks were so fashion-forward that they rocked exaggerated bulges right on their crotches? I kid you not. ______ The codpiece was quite the fashion statement back in the Renaissance, These padded, decorative groin enhancers weren't just a simple accessory; they were a bold exclamation of manhood. Or something like that…. Day-to-day, men strutted around with these conspicuous, bulging additions to their trousers. Codpieces were effectively the 15th-century version of "armored dong enhancers." They came in various shapes and sizes, ranging from subtle to outrageously exaggerated. Now, you may wonder, "Why on Earth would anyone wear these things?" Well, the Renaissance was an era of opulence and extravagance, and like today, fashion was more than just clothing; it was a reflection of one's social status and power. What if I told you folks were so fashion-forward that they rocked exaggerated bulges right on their crotches? I kid you not. ______ The codpiece was quite the fashion statement back in the Renaissance, These padded, decorative groin enhancers weren't just a simple accessory; they were a bold exclamation of manhood. Or something like that…. Day-to-day, men strutted around with these conspicuous, bulging additions to their trousers. Codpieces were effectively the 15th-century version of "armored dong enhancers." They came in various shapes and sizes, ranging from subtle to outrageously exaggerated. Now, you may wonder, "Why on Earth would anyone wear these things?" Well, the Renaissance was an era of opulence and extravagance, and like today, fashion was more than just clothing; it was a reflection of one's social status and power.

The real-life “Scar Face”, the original gangster, and the king of crime. Who was this man? Al Capone. In the bustling streets of Brooklyn in 1899, Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born into a brutal childhood in a cramped, dirty apartment with abusive parents. His Italian immigrant parents, Gabriel and Teresa Capone, provided a home steeped in Italian traditions, moulding the beginnings of Al's complex identity. The Capone family, like many, sought the American dream but found themselves in a neighborhood shadowed by the presence of the formidable Five Points Gang. Capone's early years were shaped by the raw energy and challenges of Brooklyn's streets, this being where his path first crossed with organized crime. The Five Points Gang, the dominant gang in the area, became an influential part of his early life, molding his temperament among other things. Enter Johnny Torrio, a seasoned gangster who saw potential in young Capone. Torrio took Capone under his wing, introducing him to the criminal underworld. This mentorship was pivotal, nurturing Capone’s innate leadership qualities and street savvy. School for Capone was less about academics and more a battleground, showcasing his growing defiance and predisposition for violence, in multiple cases striking his teachers. These early confrontations with authority figures and minor run-ins with the law were telltale signs of his burgeoning personality. The real-life “Scar Face”, the original gangster, and the king of crime. Who was this man? Al Capone. _________ In the bustling streets of Brooklyn in 1899, Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born into a brutal childhood in a cramped, dirty apartment with abusive parents. His Italian immigrant parents, Gabriel and Teresa Capone, provided a home steeped in Italian traditions, moulding the beginnings of Al's complex identity. The Capone family, like many, sought the American dream but found themselves in a neighborhood shadowed by the presence of the formidable Five Points Gang. Capone's early years were shaped by the raw energy and challenges of Brooklyn's streets, this being where his path first crossed with organized crime. The Five Points Gang, the dominant gang in the area, became an influential part of his early life, molding his temperament among other things. Enter Johnny Torrio, a seasoned gangster who saw potential in young Capone. Torrio took Capone under his wing, introducing him to the criminal underworld. This mentorship was pivotal, nurturing Capone’s innate leadership qualities and street savvy. School for Capone was less about academics and more a battleground, showcasing his growing defiance and predisposition for violence, in multiple cases striking his teachers. These early confrontations with authority figures and minor run-ins with the law were telltale signs of his burgeoning personality. The real-life “Scar Face”, the original gangster, and the king of crime. Who was this man? Al Capone. _________ In the bustling streets of Brooklyn in 1899, Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born into a brutal childhood in a cramped, dirty apartment with abusive parents. His Italian immigrant parents, Gabriel and Teresa Capone, provided a home steeped in Italian traditions, moulding the beginnings of Al's complex identity. The Capone family, like many, sought the American dream but found themselves in a neighborhood shadowed by the presence of the formidable Five Points Gang. Capone's early years were shaped by the raw energy and challenges of Brooklyn's streets, this being where his path first crossed with organized crime. The Five Points Gang, the dominant gang in the area, became an influential part of his early life, molding his temperament among other things. Enter Johnny Torrio, a seasoned gangster who saw potential in young Capone. Torrio took Capone under his wing, introducing him to the criminal underworld. This mentorship was pivotal, nurturing Capone’s innate leadership qualities and street savvy. School for Capone was less about academics and more a battleground, showcasing his growing defiance and predisposition for violence, in multiple cases striking his teachers. These early confrontations with authority figures and minor run-ins with the law were telltale signs of his burgeoning personality.

No ruler would ever have done something as unhinged as torture, control, sleep with, and enslave dwarves, right? Think again. Meet Ibrahim I, the Sultan with a peculiar penchant for... well, dwarves. Yep, that's a headline. Let's dive into the twisted tale of this Ottoman eccentric. ______ So, ever heard of a childhood that's more twisted than a pretzel? Enter Ibrahim I's world. Born into the opulence of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim I wasn't exactly handed the typical royal childhood. Picture this: It's the 17th century, and the Ottoman Empire is glittering brighter than a disco ball. But beneath that shine? It's more "Game of Thrones" than a fairy tale. Ibrahim's early years were, let's just say, 'character-building.' Ever felt the weight of a tense atmosphere? Multiply that by a hundred, and you're close to the political climate he grew up in. The empire was vast, and with great power came great... backstabbing. And trust me, it's not the kind you're thinking of. The Ottomans had this charming tradition called fratricide. Sounds fancy, right? Well, it's just a posh word for brothers offing brothers to secure the throne. Ah, family love. Now, imagine being a young Ibrahim, peeking through the curtains of his lavish room, only to witness his brothers being strangled to death. It's no wonder the guy had trust issues. This wasn't just a one-off horror show; it was a recurring nightmare. Naturally this would lead to him kidnapping dwarves, dressing them up, torturing them, making them carry him, having orgies with them, and sometimes executing them… as one naturally would. The practice of assassinating rivals, though? That was as routine as afternoon tea. Except, instead of scones, you get a side of fraternal murder. Living under such a shadow would mess with anyone's head. For Ibrahim, it was the beginning of a long descent into paranoia and mental instability. No ruler would ever have done something as unhinged as torture, control, sleep with, and enslave dwarves, right? Think again. Meet Ibrahim I, the Sultan with a peculiar penchant for... well, dwarves. Yep, that's a headline. Let's dive into the twisted tale of this Ottoman eccentric. ______ So, ever heard of a childhood that's more twisted than a pretzel? Enter Ibrahim I's world. Born into the opulence of the Ottoman Empire, Ibrahim I wasn't exactly handed the typical royal childhood. Picture this: It's the 17th century, and the Ottoman Empire is glittering brighter than a disco ball. But beneath that shine? It's more "Game of Thrones" than a fairy tale. Ibrahim's early years were, let's just say, 'character-building.' Ever felt the weight of a tense atmosphere? Multiply that by a hundred, and you're close to the political climate he grew up in. The empire was vast, and with great power came great... backstabbing. And trust me, it's not the kind you're thinking of. The Ottomans had this charming tradition called fratricide. Sounds fancy, right? Well, it's just a posh word for brothers offing brothers to secure the throne. Ah, family love. Now, imagine being a young Ibrahim, peeking through the curtains of his lavish room, only to witness his brothers being strangled to death. It's no wonder the guy had trust issues. This wasn't just a one-off horror show; it was a recurring nightmare. Naturally this would lead to him kidnapping dwarves, dressing them up, torturing them, making them carry him, having orgies with them, and sometimes executing them… as one naturally would. The practice of assassinating rivals, though? That was as routine as afternoon tea. Except, instead of scones, you get a side of fraternal murder. Living under such a shadow would mess with anyone's head. For Ibrahim, it was the beginning of a long descent into paranoia and mental instability. No ruler would ever have done something as unhinged as torture, control, sleep with, and enslave dwarves, right? Think again. Meet Ibrahim I, the Sultan with a peculiar penchant for... well, dwarves. Yep, that's a headline. Let's dive into the twisted tale of this Ottoman eccentric. ______ So, ever heard of a childhood that's more twisted than a pretzel? Enter Ibrahim I's world. It's no wonder the guy had trust issues. This wasn't just a one-off horror show; it was a recurring nightmare. Naturally this would lead to him kidnapping dwarves, dressing them up, torturing them, making them carry him, having orgies with them, and sometimes executing them… as one naturally would. The practice of assassinating rivals, though? That was as routine as afternoon tea. Except, instead of scones, you get a side of fraternal murder. Living under such a shadow would mess with anyone's head. For Ibrahim, it was the beginning of a long descent into paranoia and mental instability.

War on drugs? Try drugs in war - specifically meth. We're not just talking about a few isolated incidents; this is a deep dive into the widespread use of narcotics in warfare. ________ Let's cut straight to why you’re here and talk about the Germans' use of Pervitin and Panzerchokolade during World War II. As mentioned previously, they were methamphetamine-based drugs, designed to push soldiers beyond human limits. Imagine the following: soldiers marching for days without sleep, heightened alertness, and a relentless drive. This was the reality on the ground, especially during key moments like the Battle of France. Now, Pervitin wasn't a secret weapon hidden in the shadows; it was distributed openly, almost like standard rations. The idea was to reduce fatigue, and enhance endurance, and create super soldiers capable of executing blitzkrieg tactics with ruthless efficiency. But here's where it gets interesting. The Germans weren't alone in this - The Allies had their own version, Benzedrine. So, you had two sides, both using stimulants, but with different drugs of choice. This wasn't a case of one-upmanship but of strategic necessity, born out of the demands of modern warfare. War on drugs? Try drugs in war - specifically meth. We're not just talking about a few isolated incidents; this is a deep dive into the widespread use of narcotics in warfare. ________ Let's cut straight to why you’re here and talk about the Germans' use of Pervitin and Panzerchokolade during World War II. As mentioned previously, they were methamphetamine-based drugs, designed to push soldiers beyond human limits. Imagine the following: soldiers marching for days without sleep, heightened alertness, and a relentless drive. This was the reality on the ground, especially during key moments like the Battle of France. Now, Pervitin wasn't a secret weapon hidden in the shadows; it was distributed openly, almost like standard rations. The idea was to reduce fatigue, and enhance endurance, and create super soldiers capable of executing blitzkrieg tactics with ruthless efficiency. But here's where it gets interesting. The Germans weren't alone in this - The Allies had their own version, Benzedrine. So, you had two sides, both using stimulants, but with different drugs of choice. This wasn't a case of one-upmanship but of strategic necessity, born out of the demands of modern warfare. War on drugs? Try drugs in war - specifically meth. We're not just talking about a few isolated incidents; this is a deep dive into the widespread use of narcotics in warfare. ________ Let's cut straight to why you’re here and talk about the Germans' use of Pervitin and Panzerchokolade during World War II. As mentioned previously, they were methamphetamine-based drugs, designed to push soldiers beyond human limits. Imagine the following: soldiers marching for days without sleep, heightened alertness, and a relentless drive. This was the reality on the ground, especially during key moments like the Battle of France. Now, Pervitin wasn't a secret weapon hidden in the shadows; it was distributed openly, almost like standard rations. The idea was to reduce fatigue, and enhance endurance, and create super soldiers capable of executing blitzkrieg tactics with ruthless efficiency. But here's where it gets interesting. The Germans weren't alone in this - The Allies had their own version, Benzedrine. So, you had two sides, both using stimulants, but with different drugs of choice. This wasn't a case of one-upmanship but of strategic necessity, born out of the demands of modern warfare. War Dr*gs - When Soldiers Don't Sleep (and CAN'T) War Dr*gs - When Soldiers Don't Sleep (and CAN'T) War Dr*gs - When Soldiers Don't Sleep (and CAN'T)

It's a WW2 day today Ever wondered what the Moustache Man did when he wasn't busy starting world wars or giving impassioned speeches? Well, you're in for a treat. This isn't your typical history lesson, but a deep dive into the peculiarities and oddities of the N@zi party during the Second World War. Now, before you roll your eyes and think, "Oh great, another history lesson," let me assure you, this isn't your typical snooze-fest. We're not just talking about politics and warfare, but their strange religious views, their international relations, and even their bizarre explorations. And remember, in this story, the Moustache Man isn't the hero, but he sure does make for an interesting villain. So, let's get this show on the road and uncover the lesser-known aspects of the not-so-wonderful world of the N@zi party. Ever wondered what the Moustache Man did when he wasn't busy starting world wars or giving impassioned speeches? Well, you're in for a treat. This isn't your typical history lesson, but a deep dive into the peculiarities and oddities of the N@zi party during the Second World War. Now, before you roll your eyes and think, "Oh great, another history lesson," let me assure you, this isn't your typical snooze-fest. We're not just talking about politics and warfare, but their strange religious views, their international relations, and even their bizarre explorations. And remember, in this story, the Moustache Man isn't the hero, but he sure does make for an interesting villain. So, let's get this show on the road and uncover the lesser-known aspects of the not-so-wonderful world of the Nazi party. Ever wondered what the Moustache Man did when he wasn't busy starting world wars or giving impassioned speeches? Well, you're in for a treat. This isn't your typical history lesson, but a deep dive into the peculiarities and oddities of the N@zi party during the Second World War. Now, before you roll your eyes and think, "Oh great, another history lesson," let me assure you, this isn't your typical snooze-fest. We're not just talking about politics and warfare, but their strange religious views, their international relations, and even their bizarre explorations. And remember, in this story, the Moustache Man isn't the hero, but he sure does make for an interesting villain. So, let's get this show on the road and uncover the lesser-known aspects of the not-so-wonderful world of the N@zi party.

(An edited version for all audiences) Ever heard of soldiers munching on other soldiers? Yeah, that happened. ________ To truly grasp the intensity of these horrors, we must first understand the ethos that drove many Japanese soldiers: Bushidō, a Japanese equivalent of a knight’s chivalric code. It was as intense as it sounds. But it was also about a lot more than just swinging a katana and wearing armor. Originating in the Edo period, which spanned from 1603 to 1868, Bushidō was a way of life, deeply ingrained in the samurai culture. And while it might be tempting to draw parallels with European chivalry, let's not get too hasty. Sure, there were similarities, like a focus on honor and loyalty… to a degree. But Bushidō had its own unique flavor, a blend of Confucianism, Shinto, and Zen Buddhism, giving it a depth and complexity that was distinctly Japanese, emphasizing values like sincerity, frugality, and loyalty above all else. Loyalty especially, was paramount, even if not all samurai adhered to this principle… let alone all IJA members. The pursuit of excellence in martial arts? That was expected of course. But it wasn't just about physical prowess. It was about the mind, strategy, discipline, and honor. Honor until death. In fact, the concept of "seppuku" or ritual suicide was a testament to this. If a samurai felt they had lost their honor, they'd rather end their life than live in disgrace, ritualistically stabbing themselves in the stomach with the aim of disembowelment. Ever heard of soldiers munching on other soldiers? Yeah, that happened. ________ To truly grasp the intensity of these horrors, we must first understand the ethos that drove many Japanese soldiers: Bushidō, a Japanese equivalent of a knight’s chivalric code. It was as intense as it sounds. But it was also about a lot more than just swinging a katana and wearing armor. Originating in the Edo period, which spanned from 1603 to 1868, Bushidō was a way of life, deeply ingrained in the samurai culture. And while it might be tempting to draw parallels with European chivalry, let's not get too hasty. Sure, there were similarities, like a focus on honor and loyalty… to a degree. But Bushidō had its own unique flavor, a blend of Confucianism, Shinto, and Zen Buddhism, giving it a depth and complexity that was distinctly Japanese, emphasizing values like sincerity, frugality, and loyalty above all else. Loyalty especially, was paramount, even if not all samurai adhered to this principle… let alone all IJA members. The pursuit of excellence in martial arts? That was expected of course. But it wasn't just about physical prowess. It was about the mind, strategy, discipline, and honor. Honor until death. In fact, the concept of "seppuku" or ritual suicide was a testament to this. If a samurai felt they had lost their honor, they'd rather end their life than live in disgrace, ritualistically stabbing themselves in the stomach with the aim of disembowelment. Ever heard of soldiers munching on other soldiers? Yeah, that happened. ________ To truly grasp the intensity of these horrors, we must first understand the ethos that drove many Japanese soldiers: Bushidō, a Japanese equivalent of a knight’s chivalric code. It was as intense as it sounds. But it was also about a lot more than just swinging a katana and wearing armor. Originating in the Edo period, which spanned from 1603 to 1868, Bushidō was a way of life, deeply ingrained in the samurai culture. And while it might be tempting to draw parallels with European chivalry, let's not get too hasty. Sure, there were similarities, like a focus on honor and loyalty… to a degree. But Bushidō had its own unique flavor, a blend of Confucianism, Shinto, and Zen Buddhism, giving it a depth and complexity that was distinctly Japanese, emphasizing values like sincerity, frugality, and loyalty above all else. Loyalty especially, was paramount, even if not all samurai adhered to this principle… let alone all IJA members. The pursuit of excellence in martial arts? That was expected of course. But it wasn't just about physical prowess. It was about the mind, strategy, discipline, and honor. Honor until death. In fact, the concept of "seppuku" or ritual suicide was a testament to this. If a samurai felt they had lost their honor, they'd rather end their life than live in disgrace, ritualistically stabbing themselves in the stomach with the aim of disembowelment.

The king who won his battles but lost his empire - Pyrrhus of Epirus, born in 319 BC into the Aeacid dynasty, didn't exactly have a typical childhood. His early years were overshadowed by the political turmoil in Epirus, a region grappling with the aftermath of Alexander the Great's empire fracturing. When Pyrrhus's father, Aeacides, met an untimely death, the young prince was catapulted into a world where survival hinged on more than just royal blood. Forced to flee his homeland, Pyrrhus found sanctuary in Alexandria, under the watchful eye of Ptolemy I, one of Alexander's former generals. This wasn't just a refuge; it was a crucible of learning and preparation. In Alexandria, Pyrrhus was exposed to a blend of rigorous military training and a rich education in philosophy and diplomacy. These formative years under Ptolemy's guidance equipped him with a unique set of skills, blending the sharp mind of a philosopher with the strategic acumen of a military tactician. In 306 BC, Pyrrhus returned to Epirus and ascended to the throne, sharing it with the usurper, Neoptolemus. His early reign was marked by a relentless effort to consolidate power and stabilize his kingdom amidst a landscape of relentless political and military strife. Pyrrhus was as much a warrior on the battlefield as he was a shrewd diplomat in the courts. However, subterfuge secured him the throne, when he invited Neoptolemus to dinner and had him assassinated. His ascension marked the beginning of a reign that would see Epirus navigate the treacherous waters of Hellenistic politics. The king who won his battles but lost his empire - Pyrrhus of Epirus, born in 319 BC into the Aeacid dynasty, didn't exactly have a typical childhood. His early years were overshadowed by the political turmoil in Epirus, a region grappling with the aftermath of Alexander the Great's empire fracturing. When Pyrrhus's father, Aeacides, met an untimely death, the young prince was catapulted into a world where survival hinged on more than just royal blood. Forced to flee his homeland, Pyrrhus found sanctuary in Alexandria, under the watchful eye of Ptolemy I, one of Alexander's former generals. This wasn't just a refuge; it was a crucible of learning and preparation. In Alexandria, Pyrrhus was exposed to a blend of rigorous military training and a rich education in philosophy and diplomacy. These formative years under Ptolemy's guidance equipped him with a unique set of skills, blending the sharp mind of a philosopher with the strategic acumen of a military tactician. In 306 BC, Pyrrhus returned to Epirus and ascended to the throne, sharing it with the usurper, Neoptolemus. His early reign was marked by a relentless effort to consolidate power and stabilize his kingdom amidst a landscape of relentless political and military strife. Pyrrhus was as much a warrior on the battlefield as he was a shrewd diplomat in the courts. However, subterfuge secured him the throne, when he invited Neoptolemus to dinner and had him assassinated. His ascension marked the beginning of a reign that would see Epirus navigate the treacherous waters of Hellenistic politics. The king who won his battles but lost his empire - Pyrrhus of Epirus, born in 319 BC into the Aeacid dynasty, didn't exactly have a typical childhood. His early years were overshadowed by the political turmoil in Epirus, a region grappling with the aftermath of Alexander the Great's empire fracturing. When Pyrrhus's father, Aeacides, met an untimely death, the young prince was catapulted into a world where survival hinged on more than just royal blood. Forced to flee his homeland, Pyrrhus found sanctuary in Alexandria, under the watchful eye of Ptolemy I, one of Alexander's former generals. This wasn't just a refuge; it was a crucible of learning and preparation. In Alexandria, Pyrrhus was exposed to a blend of rigorous military training and a rich education in philosophy and diplomacy. These formative years under Ptolemy's guidance equipped him with a unique set of skills, blending the sharp mind of a philosopher with the strategic acumen of a military tactician. In 306 BC, Pyrrhus returned to Epirus and ascended to the throne, sharing it with the usurper, Neoptolemus. His early reign was marked by a relentless effort to consolidate power and stabilize his kingdom amidst a landscape of relentless political and military strife. Pyrrhus was as much a warrior on the battlefield as he was a shrewd diplomat in the courts. However, subterfuge secured him the throne, when he invited Neoptolemus to dinner and had him assassinated. His ascension marked the beginning of a reign that would see Epirus navigate the treacherous waters of Hellenistic politics.

Died at a hundred years old? War criminal? Bane of the third world? Born in Fürth, Germany, and fleeing the iron fist of the Third Reich, to the hallowed halls of Washington’s power, Henry Kissinger is a name that echoes with controversy. ______ In the oppressive shadow of Nazi Germany's ascent, young Henry Kissinger slipped away, narrowly evading the clutches of one regime only to align with its adversary - the refugee becomes the soldier for the very power opposing his homeland. His military career started with his conscription into the U.S. Army, leveraging his native tongue within the Counter Intelligence Corps as both weapon and olive branch. As a CIC operative, his fluency in German wasn't just a linguistic skill—it was potent tool in Kissinger's role as an intelligence gatherer. Interrogating prisoners, he employed his skillset, extracting vital information from those who shared his motherland's tongue, as well as identifying spies. Witnessing post-war Germany's reconstruction however, Kissinger found himself amidst the rubble of his own past, contributing to the rebirth of a society he had been forced to flee. Rising to the rank of sergeant taught him the nuanced art of leadership amidst chaos, a skill that would later underpin his political sagacity. Awarded the Bronze Star, this accolade spoke volumes of his bravery, a herald of his potential for future governance. Post-discharge, the G.I. Bill paved his way from military ranks to academic halls, where military strategy translated into diplomatic finesse. Died at a hundred years old? War criminal? Bane of the third world? Born in Fürth, Germany, and fleeing the iron fist of the Third Reich, to the hallowed halls of Washington’s power, Henry Kissinger is a name that echoes with controversy. ______ In the oppressive shadow of Nazi Germany's ascent, young Henry Kissinger slipped away, narrowly evading the clutches of one regime only to align with its adversary - the refugee becomes the soldier for the very power opposing his homeland. His military career started with his conscription into the U.S. Army, leveraging his native tongue within the Counter Intelligence Corps as both weapon and olive branch. As a CIC operative, his fluency in German wasn't just a linguistic skill—it was potent tool in Kissinger's role as an intelligence gatherer. Interrogating prisoners, he employed his skillset, extracting vital information from those who shared his motherland's tongue, as well as identifying spies. Witnessing post-war Germany's reconstruction however, Kissinger found himself amidst the rubble of his own past, contributing to the rebirth of a society he had been forced to flee. Rising to the rank of sergeant taught him the nuanced art of leadership amidst chaos, a skill that would later underpin his political sagacity. Awarded the Bronze Star, this accolade spoke volumes of his bravery, a herald of his potential for future governance. Post-discharge, the G.I. Bill paved his way from military ranks to academic halls, where military strategy translated into diplomatic finesse. Died at a hundred years old? War criminal? Bane of the third world? Born in Fürth, Germany, and fleeing the iron fist of the Third Reich, to the hallowed halls of Washington’s power, Henry Kissinger is a name that echoes with controversy. ______ In the oppressive shadow of Nazi Germany's ascent, young Henry Kissinger slipped away, narrowly evading the clutches of one regime only to align with its adversary - the refugee becomes the soldier for the very power opposing his homeland. His military career started with his conscription into the U.S. Army, leveraging his native tongue within the Counter Intelligence Corps as both weapon and olive branch. As a CIC operative, his fluency in German wasn't just a linguistic skill—it was potent tool in Kissinger's role as an intelligence gatherer. Interrogating prisoners, he employed his skillset, extracting vital information from those who shared his motherland's tongue, as well as identifying spies. Witnessing post-war Germany's reconstruction however, Kissinger found himself amidst the rubble of his own past, contributing to the rebirth of a society he had been forced to flee. Rising to the rank of sergeant taught him the nuanced art of leadership amidst chaos, a skill that would later underpin his political sagacity. Awarded the Bronze Star, this accolade spoke volumes of his bravery, a herald of his potential for future governance. Post-discharge, the G.I. Bill paved his way from military ranks to academic halls, where military strategy translated into diplomatic finesse.

In 1904, the world was shocked when Japan warred against Russia, and won. How? Well… it’s complicated. _______ Korea and Manchuria were at the centre of this pre-war tension, like pieces on a chessboard between Russia and Japan. Russia, with its imperial eyes set on these regions, was more focused on expanding its reach in East Asia than considering the full implications. They saw Manchuria as a resource-rich land ripe for the taking and Korea as a strategic gem. On the other side, Japan, having emerged from its self-imposed isolation, was rapidly modernizing and looking to assert its own influence in East Asia. This it was about status and power as well as land. Japan's military, though smaller, was far more efficiently run, technologically advanced, and well-trained, thanks to recent modernization efforts. The breakdown in diplomatic negotiations resulted in brinkmanship veering ever-closer to disaster… and eventually it did. In 1904, the world was shocked when Japan warred against Russia, and won. How? Well… it’s complicated. _______ Korea and Manchuria were at the centre of this pre-war tension, like pieces on a chessboard between Russia and Japan. Russia, with its imperial eyes set on these regions, was more focused on expanding its reach in East Asia than considering the full implications. They saw Manchuria as a resource-rich land ripe for the taking and Korea as a strategic gem. On the other side, Japan, having emerged from its self-imposed isolation, was rapidly modernizing and looking to assert its own influence in East Asia. This it was about status and power as well as land. Japan's military, though smaller, was far more efficiently run, technologically advanced, and well-trained, thanks to recent modernization efforts. The breakdown in diplomatic negotiations resulted in brinkmanship veering ever-closer to disaster… and eventually it did. In 1904, the world was shocked when Japan warred against Russia, and won. How? Well… it’s complicated. _______ Korea and Manchuria were at the centre of this pre-war tension, like pieces on a chessboard between Russia and Japan. Russia, with its imperial eyes set on these regions, was more focused on expanding its reach in East Asia than considering the full implications. They saw Manchuria as a resource-rich land ripe for the taking and Korea as a strategic gem. On the other side, Japan, having emerged from its self-imposed isolation, was rapidly modernizing and looking to assert its own influence in East Asia. This it was about status and power as well as land. Japan's military, though smaller, was far more efficiently run, technologically advanced, and well-trained, thanks to recent modernization efforts. The breakdown in diplomatic negotiations resulted in brinkmanship veering ever-closer to disaster… and eventually it did.

The first of a two-part series! A mission that could change naval history and a high-stakes gamble against formidable odds. The Russian Empire’s Baltic Fleet voyages to the Tsushima Straits was just that. _______ In the early 1900s, the Russo-Japanese War changed history. It was the first time in the late gunpowder age that an Asian power, Japan, won a significant war against a European giant, Russia. They clashed over control of Manchuria and Korea, Manchuria being highly rich in resources. It led to major sea and land battles, the lessons gleamed from these proceeding to shape the coming century of conflicts. This war shifted the power balance in East Asia, putting Japan on the map as a big player and showcasing the destruction that could be wrought by modern armies replete with massed rifles, machineguns, and increasingly effective training, tactics and artillery. As the Russo-Japanese War heated up however, Russia had to make a bold move to gain an advantage in the Pacific. Enter the Baltic Fleet, transformed into the Second Pacific Squadron in 1904. A mission that could change naval history and a high-stakes gamble against formidable odds. The Russian Empire’s Baltic Fleet voyages to the Tsushima Straits was just that. _______ In the early 1900s, the Russo-Japanese War changed history. It was the first time in the late gunpowder age that an Asian power, Japan, won a significant war against a European giant, Russia. They clashed over control of Manchuria and Korea, Manchuria being highly rich in resources. It led to major sea and land battles, the lessons gleamed from these proceeding to shape the coming century of conflicts. This war shifted the power balance in East Asia, putting Japan on the map as a big player and showcasing the destruction that could be wrought by modern armies replete with massed rifles, machineguns, and increasingly effective training, tactics and artillery. As the Russo-Japanese War heated up however, Russia had to make a bold move to gain an advantage in the Pacific. Enter the Baltic Fleet, transformed into the Second Pacific Squadron in 1904. A mission that could change naval history and a high-stakes gamble against formidable odds. The Russian Empire’s Baltic Fleet voyages to the Tsushima Straits was just that. _______ In the early 1900s, the Russo-Japanese War changed history. It was the first time in the late gunpowder age that an Asian power, Japan, won a significant war against a European giant, Russia. They clashed over control of Manchuria and Korea, Manchuria being highly rich in resources. It led to major sea and land battles, the lessons gleamed from these proceeding to shape the coming century of conflicts. This war shifted the power balance in East Asia, putting Japan on the map as a big player and showcasing the destruction that could be wrought by modern armies replete with massed rifles, machineguns, and increasingly effective training, tactics and artillery. As the Russo-Japanese War heated up however, Russia had to make a bold move to gain an advantage in the Pacific. Enter the Baltic Fleet, transformed into the Second Pacific Squadron in 1904.

From wrestling rings to White House halls, Lincoln's legacy is not just about freedom speeches. He… was a pretty bizarre person in all honesty. _____ Before Lincoln was the Great Emancipator, the 16th President, the face on the penny, he was a lanky Illinois lawyer - one who'd rather throw you over his shoulder in a wrestling match than argue over a bill. Yes, before he was dodging political blows, he was quite literally dodging takedowns in the ring. With over 300 matches under his belt, only one loss, and standing at an imposing 6'4", Lincoln's wrestling exploits are the stuff of legend. Of these matches He came closer to Plato’s conception of an ideal man than many other presidents, physically, academically, and professionally accomplished. Each match, a testament to his physicality and sportsmanship, revealed a man who was as humble in victory as he was formidable in combat. This however, is arguably the least controversial thing about Lincoln. This is even as Lincoln honed a mental acuity that mirrored his physical agility—a combination that would prove indispensable in the trials of leadership that lay ahead. From wrestling rings to White House halls, Lincoln's legacy is not just about freedom speeches. He… was a pretty bizarre person in all honesty. _____ Before Lincoln was the Great Emancipator, the 16th President, the face on the penny, he was a lanky Illinois lawyer - one who'd rather throw you over his shoulder in a wrestling match than argue over a bill. Yes, before he was dodging political blows, he was quite literally dodging takedowns in the ring. With over 300 matches under his belt, only one loss, and standing at an imposing 6'4", Lincoln's wrestling exploits are the stuff of legend. Of these matches He came closer to Plato’s conception of an ideal man than many other presidents, physically, academically, and professionally accomplished. Each match, a testament to his physicality and sportsmanship, revealed a man who was as humble in victory as he was formidable in combat. This however, is arguably the least controversial thing about Lincoln. This is even as Lincoln honed a mental acuity that mirrored his physical agility—a combination that would prove indispensable in the trials of leadership that lay ahead. From wrestling rings to White House halls, Lincoln's legacy is not just about freedom speeches. He… was a pretty bizarre person in all honesty. _____ Before Lincoln was the Great Emancipator, the 16th President, the face on the penny, he was a lanky Illinois lawyer - one who'd rather throw you over his shoulder in a wrestling match than argue over a bill. Yes, before he was dodging political blows, he was quite literally dodging takedowns in the ring. With over 300 matches under his belt, only one loss, and standing at an imposing 6'4", Lincoln's wrestling exploits are the stuff of legend. Of these matches He came closer to Plato’s conception of an ideal man than many other presidents, physically, academically, and professionally accomplished. Each match, a testament to his physicality and sportsmanship, revealed a man who was as humble in victory as he was formidable in combat. This however, is arguably the least controversial thing about Lincoln. This is even as Lincoln honed a mental acuity that mirrored his physical agility—a combination that would prove indispensable in the trials of leadership that lay ahead.

Imagine a world where a man claims to be the brother of Jesus Christ… not just any man, but Hong Xiuquan, a man who would bring about one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. We're diving deep into the heart of the Taiping Rebellion! China - a nation under the rule of the foreign Manchu people, the Qing Dynasty. The country is in turmoil, riddled with internal strife and external pressures from Western powers. It's a ticking time bomb, and the fuse? The Taiping Rebellion, the most catastrophic conflict of the century. Imagine a world where a man claims to be the brother of Jesus Christ… not just any man, but Hong Xiuquan, a man who would bring about one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. We're diving deep into the heart of the Taiping Rebellion! China - a nation under the rule of the foreign Manchu people, the Qing Dynasty. The country is in turmoil, riddled with internal strife and external pressures from Western powers. It's a ticking time bomb, and the fuse? The Taiping Rebellion, the most catastrophic conflict of the century. Imagine a world where a man claims to be the brother of Jesus Christ… not just any man, but Hong Xiuquan, a man who would bring about one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. We're diving deep into the heart of the Taiping Rebellion! China - a nation under the rule of the foreign Manchu people, the Qing Dynasty. The country is in turmoil, riddled with internal strife and external pressures from Western powers. It's a ticking time bomb, and the fuse? The Taiping Rebellion, the most catastrophic conflict of the century. Taiping Rebelion Hong Xiuquan Hong Xiuquan Hong Xiuquan China China Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty Jesus Christ Jesus Christ

A look at some of the wildest plots in history carried out by intelligence agencies. The following are the main topics: Operation North Woods: A plan hatched by the CIA in order to conduct false flag terrorist attacks against US citizens in order to justify an invasion of Cuba. Sukarno Blackmail Plot: The KGB and CIA reportedly blackmailed Indonesian president Sukarno with sex tapes. However, instead of being ashamed, the president asked for extra copies with the intent to show them off. Operation Valkyrie: the plot by senior members of the Nazi Party to assassinate Adolf Hitler and negotiate an end to the Second World War. The plot would ultimately end in failure. A look at some of the wildest plots in history carried out by intelligence agencies. The following are the main topics: Operation North Woods: A plan hatched by the CIA in order to conduct false flag terrorist attacks against US citizens in order to justify an invasion of Cuba. Sukarno Blackmail Plot: The KGB and CIA reportedly blackmailed Indonesian president Sukarno with sex tapes. However, instead of being ashamed, the president asked for extra copies with the intent to show them off. Operation Valkyrie: the plot by senior members of the Nazi Party to assassinate Adolf Hitler and negotiate an end to the Second World War. The plot would ultimately end in failure. A look at some of the wildest plots in history carried out by intelligence agencies. The following are the main topics: Operation North Woods: A plan hatched by the CIA in order to conduct false flag terrorist attacks against US citizens in order to justify an invasion of Cuba. Sukarno Blackmail Plot: The KGB and CIA reportedly blackmailed Indonesian president Sukarno with sex tapes. However, instead of being ashamed, the president asked for extra copies with the intent to show them off. Operation Valkyrie: the plot by senior members of the Nazi Party to assassinate Adolf Hitler and negotiate an end to the Second World War. The plot would ultimately end in failure.

That was an Aztec Death Whistle. Made by the same civilization that ripped out human hearts atop massive temples to appease their gods. Welcome to the chilling world of the Aztecs. _______ The Aztecs' practice of human sacrifice was deeply embedded in their complex belief system. It was a ritual as regular as it was grand, an offering of life to appease the gods and ensure the continuation of the world. The victims, often captured warriors, were led up the temple steps to meet their fate and the gods. The belief was strong - the gods were nourished by the life force within the human heart. Each sacrifice was a covenant, a promise of another day, another sunrise. Thousands could be sacrificed over short periods during specific events, underscoring the scale and societal importance of this ritual. It was a brutal yet intrinsic aspect of Aztec culture, believed to maintain the delicate balance of the cosmos. __________ The grandeur of Aztec temples, like the iconic Templo Mayor, was a reflection of the civilization’s spiritual and architectural sophistication. Each structure, adorned with intricate carvings and murals, was a narrative of myths, an homage to the gods, and a display of astronomical knowledge. The dual shrines of Templo Mayor epitomized the Aztecs’ belief in the balance of forces, a theme recurrent in their cosmology. These temples weren’t just religious epicenters but also hubs of learning. Priests and scholars delved into the mysteries of the stars, crafted calendars, and documented the empire’s expansive history here. Every stone, every corner was imbued with meaning, making these temples not just architectural marvels but also sacred grounds where the mortal met the divine, and where the pulse of the Aztec civilization was most profoundly felt. That was an Aztec Death Whistle. Made by the same civilization that ripped out human hearts atop massive temples to appease their gods. Welcome to the chilling world of the Aztecs. _______ The Aztecs' practice of human sacrifice was deeply embedded in their complex belief system. It was a ritual as regular as it was grand, an offering of life to appease the gods and ensure the continuation of the world. The victims, often captured warriors, were led up the temple steps to meet their fate and the gods. The belief was strong - the gods were nourished by the life force within the human heart. Each sacrifice was a covenant, a promise of another day, another sunrise. Thousands could be sacrificed over short periods during specific events, underscoring the scale and societal importance of this ritual. It was a brutal yet intrinsic aspect of Aztec culture, believed to maintain the delicate balance of the cosmos. __________ The grandeur of Aztec temples, like the iconic Templo Mayor, was a reflection of the civilization’s spiritual and architectural sophistication. Each structure, adorned with intricate carvings and murals, was a narrative of myths, an homage to the gods, and a display of astronomical knowledge. The dual shrines of Templo Mayor epitomized the Aztecs’ belief in the balance of forces, a theme recurrent in their cosmology. These temples weren’t just religious epicenters but also hubs of learning. Priests and scholars delved into the mysteries of the stars, crafted calendars, and documented the empire’s expansive history here. Every stone, every corner was imbued with meaning, making these temples not just architectural marvels but also sacred grounds where the mortal met the divine, and where the pulse of the Aztec civilization was most profoundly felt. That was an Aztec Death Whistle. Made by the same civilization that ripped out human hearts atop massive temples to appease their gods. Welcome to the chilling world of the Aztecs. _______ The Aztecs' practice of human sacrifice was deeply embedded in their c The victims, often captured warriors, were led up the temple steps to meet their fate and the The belief was strong - the gods were nourished by the life force within the human heart. Each sacrifice was a covenant, a promise of another day, another sunrise. Thousands could be sacrificed over short periods during specific events, underscoring the scale and societal importance of this ritual. It was a brutal yet intrinsic aspect of Aztec culture, believed to maintain the delicate balance of the cosmos. __________ The grandeur of Aztec temples, like the iconic Templo Mayor, was a reflection of the civilization’s spiritual and architectural sophistication. Each structure, adorned with intricate carvings and murals, was a narrative of myths, an homage to the gods, and a display of astronomical knowledge. The dual shrines of Templo Mayor epitomized the Aztecs’ belief in the balance of forces, a theme recurrent in their cosmology. These temples weren’t just religious epicenters but also hubs of learning. Priests and scholars delved into the mysteries of the stars

The sweet joy of being a Roman legionary, where a day's work could mean building fortresses or facing brutal punishment. It was a formidable force, not just because of its tactical prowess or superior equipment, but also due to its unyielding discipline. This discipline, however, came at a steep human cost. Decimation, was one of the most feared punishments. When decimation was ordered, soldiers were divided into groups of ten; each drew lots, and the unlucky one – marked by fate – was beaten or stoned to death by his nine comrades. But let's not gloss over the details. An officer may order decimation when a unit was deemed cowardly or ineffective. It wasn't just a punishment; it was a psychological weapon, instilling a palpable fear not just of the enemy, but of one's own brothers-in-arms – men who lived, fought, ate, bled and wept together, practically family by the end of their military careers. The sweet joy of being a Roman legionary, where a day's work could mean building fortresses or facing brutal punishment. It was a formidable force, not just because of its tactical prowess or superior equipment, but also due to its unyielding discipline. This discipline, however, came at a steep human cost. Decimation, was one of the most feared punishments. When decimation was ordered, soldiers were divided into groups of ten; each drew lots, and the unlucky one – marked by fate – was beaten or stoned to death by his nine comrades. But let's not gloss over the details. An officer may order decimation when a unit was deemed cowardly or ineffective. It wasn't just a punishment; it was a psychological weapon, instilling a palpable fear not just of the enemy, but of one's own brothers-in-arms – men who lived, fought, ate, bled and wept together, practically family by the end of their military careers. The sweet joy of being a Roman legionary, where a day's work could mean building fortresses or facing brutal punishment. It was a formidable force, not just because of its tactical prowess or superior equipment, but also due to its unyielding discipline. This discipline, however, came at a steep human cost. Decimation, was one of the most feared punishments. When decimation was ordered, soldiers were divided into groups of ten; each drew lots, and the unlucky one – marked by fate – was beaten or stoned to death by his nine comrades. But let's not gloss over the details. An officer may order decimation when a unit was deemed cowardly or ineffective. It wasn't just a punishment; it was a psychological weapon, instilling a palpable fear not just of the enemy, but of one's own brothers-in-arms – men who lived, fought, ate, bled and wept together, practically family by the end of their military careers.