GalapagosGuys

Scuba divers in the Galapagos Islands can expect to see almost anything, including many species of large sharks. The waters are full of hammerheads, Galapagos sharks, whitetips, and silky sharks. The sights underwater are beautiful beyond description. But the animals can be intimidating as well. The animals here are mostly predators and they are well adapted for the struggles for survival. Humans are clumsy guests in this domain and there would be little a scuba diver could do to repel a determined shark. The sight of these whitetips coming to investigate made the divers' hearts beat a little faster. There is a thrill in seeing such a powerful animal coming close to inspect you. Although it feels like, or appears like these sharks posed a threat to the divers in the video, there very few documents cases of injury from sharks, and even less incidents where a death was caused. In almost all of those cases, the attacks have been the unfortunate consequence of irresponsible behaviour by the humans. As people continue to feed sharks and try to interact with them, some misunderstandings are inevitable. But sharks are rarely intentionally aggressive toward humans. Sharks are also crucial to the health of the reefs and oceans around the world. If they ceased to exist, there would be a collapse of the delicate balance in this undersea world, and it would have direct consequences on the entire planet.

Peacock flounders are beautiful fish that use their color-change abilities to mimic their surroundings to hide from predators. They can become blue, green, grey, beige, and other colors. They can change their patterns as well in order to match the surface that is beneath them. Flounders can change their color and markings in seconds, even well enough to match a checkerboard pattern. They lie flat on the bottom in order to disguise themselves, and also to ambush their prey. A unique feature of flounders is that they begin life in a vertical position with their flattened bodies resembling most other fish. They have a eye on each side of their head and a mouth that opens and closes vertically, as with other fish. But, as they mature, one of the flounder's eyes migrate from one side to the other, causing them to swim flat, instead of vertically. The eye that migrates is different, depending on the species. In the case of the peacock flounder, the right eye migrates to the left side. As an adult, the flounder is able to look forward with one eye and backward with the other, simultaneously. The eyes are raised like short stumps, allowing the flounder to bury itself in sand for even better camouflage. The eyes protrude slightly, allowing the flounder to see its surroundings while it hides. Peacock flounders can reach a maximum length of 45cm (1.5 feet) and can be found in depths up to 150m, although they prefer shallower areas with a sandy or rocky bottom. The Peacock flounder releases two to three million eggs which are fertilized by the males. The eggs float near the surface until they are ready to hatch. They sink to the bottom as they hatch. The juvenile flounders float in the open ocean, with their eyes beginning to migrate as they mature. The color matching process of the flounder is not well understood but we know that it relies on vision and hormones. If the flounder suffers damage to one eye, it's ability to color change is adversely affected. Flounders are fascinating and beautiful fish and a welcome sight for scuba divers.

The Pacific seahorse, also known as the giant seahorse, is the largest species of seahorse. Their name (Hippocampus) comes from the Greek word hippos, which means "horse" and campus, which means "sea monster. This is the only seahorse species found in the eastern Pacific Ocean. These seahorses can reach 30cm (12 in) in height. Pacific seahorses can be a variety of colors, including green, brown, maroon, grey, and yellow. Males can be distinguished from females by their prominent keel.[6] Pacific seahorses, like other seahorses, have a prehensile tail used for anchoring. Unlike most fish, they have skin instead of scales, a digestive tract without a distinct stomach, no teeth, and the ability to move each eye independently. They are under the great threat due to unsustainable levels of harvest and international trade. South America, in particular Peru, is the home of the most illegal trade of Pacific seahorses. Females seahorses deposit their eggs in the brood pouch of the male, where they are fertilized by the male and sealed into the pouch. Pacific seahorse males can brood up to 2000 eggs at once, and may brood multiple times in a breeding season. At the end of the fourteen day gestation period, the male goes into labor and must force the young out of the pouch one at a time, which sometimes takes hours. Habitat loss and destruction pose a threat to Pacific seahorses as humans destroy and pollute their habitats. Commercial fishing also poses as threat to Pacific seahorses. Fisherman often catch and kill them in their nets. Chinese medicine is one of the main risks to the Pacific seahorse. They are one of the most vulnerable fish populations in the world. Pacific seahorses account for the majority of species identified in Chinese medicinal markets around the world. Giant Pacific seahorses eat small organisms that live on the bottom of the sea such as small crustaceans and plankton. Like most seahorses, Pacific seahorses ambush their prey. They camouflage in their habitats and wait for their prey to pass. They then suck their prey in and swallow it whole. They have no teeth to chew.

Mola Mola are unique in several ways, including in their freakish appearance. Descended from porcupine fish, they have evolved into immense animals that appear to be a floating head with enlarged fins. They swim slowly with their mouths open. In fact, they are unable to close them at all. They are also incapable of quick propulsion. Primitive in their design, they have no means of defence except to dive deep to escape predators. They feed on squid, small fish, eggs and larvae, and even jellyfish. They move at a ridiculously slow speed, except in short bursts. They also lie flat on the surface of the water to sun themselves. They are a truly strange fish that is baffling to naturalists and biologists. There is a lot that scientists don't yet understand about these giants of the deep. Known to lay the most eggs of any vertebrate in the world, they can produce up to 300,000,000 at a time. They are the world's largest bony fish, reaching an incredible 2200kg (4700lbs). At full size, they have few predators, but they are vulnerable to almost any shark, orca or sea lion when they are growing. These fish often suspend themselves in an upright position to take advantage of cleaning stations, or areas where smaller wrasses rid larger animals of parasites on their bodies and around their mouths. Although they generally very shy and reclusive, they will sometimes allow a slow and cautious diver to approach them. The scuba diver with the camera is experiencing something very rare as the giant fish swims past him so close that it almost bumped him. Possibly curious, it seemed to inspect him closely as it went past.

Whale sharks are the biggest species of shark in all the oceans. They are the biggest fish and are one of the largest animals on earth, outsized only by a few whale species. They grow to an enormous 18m (55 feet) and are estimated to weigh as much as 45,000kg (100,000lbs). These biologists have come to the Galapagos Islands to swim among these giants and document there migrations. They study skin patterns and injuries to identify individuals and look for repeated sightings. Recording whale sharks over time and in different locations will provide crucial data that will help conserve the species. Occasionally, scientists have the rare opportunity to gently place a satellite tracker on the dorsal fins of one of these giants. The Galapagos Islands are unique and fascinating for many reasons. The islands have formed very recently in geological terms, having been created by volcanic eruptions that sent hot lava upward approximately 4 million years ago. The cooling lava formed pillars and islands that provide habitat for birds and land animals, as well as the creatures of the oceans. The collision of three strong ocean currents bring plankton and nutrients upward, attracting smaller fish and ocean animals, which in turn, attract predators. But surprisingly, these whale sharks do not come to these waters to feed. And almost all of the whale sharks seen here are mature, pregnant females. Where they bear their young is still very much unknown. Scientists are only beginning to understand the animals of the ocean. Whale sharks are a mystery in many ways.

Sea lions are truly the clowns of the ocean. They are playful and mischievous and they are a delight to watch. But like a puppy with a devilish streak, they can be downright naughty at times. These two sea lions constantly competed for attention from scuba divers and when they didn't receive it, they became jealous of the marine iguanas that held the spotlight. Their behavior was amusing to everyone, except perhaps to the marine iguanas themselves. These scuba divers have ventured to the Galapagos Islands to study and record the animals in their natural habitat. One of the most unique creatures in these remote waters is the marine iguana. They have adapted to life in a hostile environment. When the dry season hits, much of the vegetation becomes dormant and inedible. The marine iguana eats the algae and seaweed that grows in the tidal zone. To make the most of this food source, they have adapted to dive into the ocean and dine on submerged plants. They can hold their breath for up to 30 minutes and dive to depths of 35m (110 feet). Their strong tails serve them well as they swim in strong surge and manage well in the waves. The animals are fascinating to researchers and recreational scuba divers, so it was no wonder that these nature enthusiasts were focused on the iguanas instead of the sea lions. Marine iguanas take their feeding times seriously. They must warm up on the rocks before they enter the cold water. They absorb energy from the sun for digestion and also for mobility in the ocean. They are cold-blooded and their time in the surf is limited as they lose heat rapidly. They will have only one chance each day to eat. But the fun-loving sea lions are not serious at all. They saw the scuba divers slip into the ocean and they eagerly swam out from the shore to engage in some play time. Young sea lions are curious by nature and scuba divers are of great interest. The ocean puppies dive and maneuver with great agility and they purposely swim around the divers, inviting them to take part in their acrobatics. They soon realize that the clumsy humans are paying more attention to the iguanas and they started grabbing the lizards by the tail, bringing them over as if they were a gift, or a toy to be passed around. It is fascinating and also impressive that the sea lions would understand the idea of using the iguanas for their games. This seems to require complex thought and a sense of humor that we often attribute only to humans. It is also very interesting that the sea lions are so gentle with the iguanas. They are obvious in their attempt to grip the tails and spines in a way that does not cause an injury. Suggesting that the marine iguanas also understand the lack of intent to harm them, this one doesn't seem too intent on swimming far away from the sea lion. After losing interest in the iguanas, one sea lion tries a playful grab at the elbow of one diver. Another playfully bites at the underwater camera as if they want the diver to film them instead of the rest of the ocean. Sea lions are much like our own loveable dogs, both in looks and in personality. It is no wonder they were called "sea dogs" by early sailors. They are possibly the most loveable of all the ocean's creatures.

Nature is indescribably beautiful, but it is harsh and brutal at the same time. The animals in our world are fascinating and mysterious, and each one plays a vital role in a web of life that is so intricate and complex that we barely understand it. Most animals are both predator and prey and the balance can change in an instant, and without warning. Marine iguanas sun themselves on lava rocks to store up energy from the sun. This aids in mobility and also in their task of digesting the algae that they thrive on. A warmer body temperature means a quicker metabolism, crucial for making use of nutrients and for outrunning a threat. Conveniently, their dark skin allows them to absorb sunlight more efficiently, and it helps them blend in and hide on the rocks at the edge of the surf. But as they sun themselves, they must be wary. One of the predators here that can overcome these large lizards is the Galápagos hawk. The second largest hawk in these islands, it has a wing span that can reach 140cm (55 inches). It swoops nearly silently in on unsuspecting iguanas and sea lion pups. With sharp talons and an equally sharp beak, it can overcome and kill its prey with ease. This hawk devours its catch on the rocks without concern. There are few animals here that will challenge such a fearsome bird. Surprisingly, the other iguanas show little regard for the hawk, likely understanding that it is too busy with its meal to pose a threat to them. But generally, these lizards keep a watchful eye on the skies above for a sign of a circling threat. Smaller lizards often hide under rocks or in crevices until they are big enough to deter the hawks. The iguanas themselves have large claws, powerful tails, and strong beaks. Unless the hawk makes a precise grasp at the lizard and finishes it quickly, the lizard may inflict some damage in the battle before it is killed. Galápagos hawks are known for their fearlessness. They show little fear of humans, as is obvious in this case where the hawk continues to feed even as it is being recorded. Charles Darwin commented on the fact that the hawks were unaffected by his presence. He stated that his gun was superfluous as he used the muzzle to push a hawk out of a tree that he was close to. The hawk made no effort to leave until he persuaded it to do so. This may have contributed to the rapid decline in their numbers when humans arrived on these islands. There are only 150 mating pairs in existence today. They have become extinct on several of the islands. It is estimated that they arrived only 300,000 years ago, making them the most recent arrival of all the native species in the Galápagos. In contrast, the finches that Charles Darwin wrote so much about are believed to have arrived here 2-3 million years ago. Galápagos hawks mate throughout the year. Due to the consistency of weather and food supply at the equator, they have no specific mating season. They build their nests low in the trees, on lava ledges, or on the ground. Although they lay 2-3 eggs, only one of the young will be reared. The young will leave the nest after approximately two months. These beautiful birds are awe-inspiring. As we learn more about them, we will become better able to help them recover their populations.

Whale sharks are the largest sharks, and even the largest fish in all of the oceans. With the exception of a few whale species, there are no living animals as large. But despite their massive size, they are gentle and harmless creatures, incapable of biting or harming a human, except by accident. This scuba diver very narrowly missed being one of the very rare casualties of such an accident. The enormous tail swipes past her, coming with inches of her face as she turns just in time to flinch and draw back from the path of the great beast's tail. Whale sharks inhabit almost all tropical and sub-tropical waters around the globe. They migrate great distances for feeding, mating, and other reasons. But the Galapagos Islands is a very popular spot for whale sharks, especially for the pregnant females. This massive female was observed near Darwin Island and it cruised casually through a group of divers as they explored the edge of the island at a depth of 20m (65 feet). The shark turned lazily as it swam near the thrilled group and each of the divers reacts with great interest as they experienced a close look at this beautiful creature. In complete awe, they swim and move to get a clearer look, and also to stay out of its way. They understand that they are meeting one of the largest and heaviest animals on earth and they must be careful that it does not collide with them. One of the divers glances briefly to her right, and in that moment, the shark turns and sweeps its massive tail to the right. The tail is just about to collide with her solidly when she looks and adjusts in the nick of time. She cannot move quickly enough to create distance so she tucks herself into a ball and rolls to the side, hoping to lessen the impact and protect her face and her scuba mask. Luckily, the tail misses her by a few inches and she is unharmed. The whale shark swims slowly off, likely unaware of the near miss with the clumsy human behind it. Whale sharks are filter feeders. When feeding, they swim with their mouths open, consuming small fish, eggs, plankton, and shrimp. They do not have teeth and they cannot bite. Their only means of self defense is to outswim a predator such as a shark or orca, occasionally diving deep as they flee danger. Whale sharks are capable of descending to more than 500m (1,600 feet). They have been recorded at depths of more than 1,900m (6,300 feet) making them the deepest diving fish ever recorded. The whale shark is poorly understood. Scientists estimate their lifespan to be between 80 and 130 years. They can reach a maximum size of 18m (62 feet) but their maximum weight is simply an estimate. How and where they deliver their offspring is a mystery and few baby whale sharks have ever been observed. Even their mating behaviour is rarely witnessed. Whale shark research is becoming increasingly important as we struggle to conserve and protect these giants as their numbers decrease. To lose them forever would be beyond a tragedy.

The Galapagos Islands are home to an incredible diversity and abundance of marine life. Three ocean currents converge here to form a unique phenomenon that causes an upwelling that brings nutrients and food up from the depths. Bait fish congregate in vast numbers and the larger predators arrive soon after. Hammerhead sharks swim here in massive schools that stretch as fas as the eye can see. By day, they drift lazily on the current as they rest one hemisphere of their brain. Not truly sleeping, they react to danger or to other stimuli, but they are relaxed and calm. By night, they are ferocious hunters that have little to fear. Solitary in their quest for food, they rely on keen senses and powerful jaws to locate and overcome prey. They are one of the apex predators in these waters. This scuba diver knows that he will be in no danger if he acts respectfully and does not give the sharks reason to become defensive or aggressive. They will regard him with curiosity, or even with indifference, but swimming out into the open among them would be taking this for granted. Instead, he remains on the rocks, watching one of nature's most magnificent shows. Better than an episode of Discovery Channel, or an Imax movie, this breathtaking scene unfolds before his very eyes. He would be unable to count the sharks as they pass within a few meters of his perch on the ledge. This wall of hammerheads numbers in the thousands. Humans are guests in this mysterious underwater domain. They are well advised to keep this in mind at all times.

Manta rays are among the most graceful and beautiful animals in the ocean. Growing to an enormous size, they can have wingspans greater than 7m (21 feet). Although they cannot sting and they are completely harmless to humans, their incredible size is intimidating and many people are struck with awe, and even apprehension when they cruise past closely. To see one face to face at such a close distance is a rare and memorable sight. These scuba divers are exploring the shallows in Indonesia, hoping to see fish, turtles, and even mantas. They consider themselves extremely lucky to have two giant mantas swim casually past. One of them unrolls its cephalic fins, preparing to feed. It is completely unconcerned with the humans that are almost directly in its path. Highly intelligent, these animals are curious and it it possible that the manta actually wanted to have a close look as it passed. A fully grown manta fears very little. Large sharks and orcas are the only animals in the ocean that can prey on them. Rapid swimmers, and highly maneuverable, mantas will flee from predators in an effort to avoid them. They are powerful enough to outswim most sharks and they are capable of rapidly diving deep enough to find safety. For most scuba divers, an experience such as this one is a bucket list item and a breath takingly beautiful experience.

Bait balls are enormous schools of fish that gather to avoid predators from eating them. By sticking together, it is difficult for larger fish and sea lions to single them out and catch them. They change direction rapidly, confusing their pursuers. Bait balls are beautiful to watch and scuba divers are drawn to them with fascination and wonder. These are salemas that inhabit the waters of the Galapagos Islands. They are a major food source for larger marine life, but they are not edible by humans. They contain a substance that causes hallucinations, excessive heart rate, and other health problems. These scuba divers followed two large sea turtles through the bait ball and the sight from within was even more beautiful than from the outside. To see the turtles swim through their midst was breath taking. The Galapagos islands are home to a multitude of unique and beautiful animals. The convergence of three strong ocean currents creates an upwelling of food and nutrients from the ocean depths that bring smaller fish here in great numbers. This brings sharks, sea lions, and other predators. For a scuba diver, this is a wonderland and every trip beneath the waves is a new adventure.

One of the most bizarre fish in the ocean, giant Mola Mola, or ocean sunfish are often referred to as the creature that evolution forgot. Evolved from pufferfish, they have almost no tail. They resemble a giant head and body as they propel themselves slowly through the water with their anal and dorsal fins. Primitive in their design, they cannot close their mouth. They feed on squid, small fish, eggs and larvae, and even jellyfish. They move at a ridiculously slow speed, except in short bursts. They also lie flat on the surface of the water to sun themselves. They are a truly strange fish that is baffling to naturalists and biologists. They is a lot that scientists don't yet understand about these giants of the deep. Known to lay the most eggs of any vertebrate in the world, they can produce up to 300,000,000 at a time. They are the world's largest bony fish, reaching an incredible 2200kg (4700lbs). At full size, they have no predators, but they are vulnerable to almost any shark, orca or sea lion when they are growing. These fish often suspend themselves in an upright position to take advantage of cleaning stations, or areas where smaller wrasses rid larger animals of parasites on their bodies and around their mouths. Although they generally very shy and reclusive, they will sometimes allow a slow and cautious diver to approach them. The scuba diver with the camera is experiencing something very rare as the giant fish swims past him so close that it almost bumped him. Possibly curious, it seemed to inspect him closely as it went past.

Hammerhead sharks are one of the top predators in the Galapagos Islands. Large and powerful, they swim where they please, with little to fear. They eat fish, octopus, sea lions, and stingrays. A large part of their diet is made up of stingrays. The shark's head is designed to help them capture prey such as stingrays on the seabed. These divers have positioned themselves on a rock ledge to get a look at schooling hammerheads as they pass by on the current near Wolf Island in a very remote and beautiful part of the ocean. The sharks congregate hear in great numbers, feeding on the abundant fish and rays in this area. To watch these apex predators patrolling within a few metres is an exhilarating experience. But the scuba divers here are witnessing something that is quite rare. A spotted eagle stingray has managed to swim through the mass of sharks without being eaten. The spotted eagle ray heads directly for the scuba divers and swims among them, possibly to gain protection from the sharks that are gathered in the deeper water just beyond where the divers are perched. It's very possible that the stingray understands that the sharks will not want to come within arm's reach of the humans. Another possibility is that the stingray is very curious about the diver with the camera. Solon is a seasoned scuba guide and dive master and he has completed well over 15,000 dives in these waters. The stingray that we see here has unique injuries on its left wing that make it recognizable as one that Solon has been seeing near this site for at least 8 years. The stingray seems to recognize Solon and it often makes a beeline for him, seemingly less interested in the other divers that accompany Solon. Intelligent and curious, these animals possess impressive intellect and understanding. It is possible that the stingray can distinguish one diver from another. Solon also has a relaxed and calm presence that might be obvious to the stingray. Whatever the reason for this close pass near Solon, the experience of seeing such a beautiful creature looking into your eyes is a beautiful and unforgettable one. Moments like these make scuba diving one of the most fascinating and thrilling sports in the world.

Mola mola are reclusive fish that are rarely caught on video. They inhabit colder waters of the Galapagos Islands and other parts of the oceans around the world. They are the largest bony fish in the world, weighing up to a whopping 2300kg (more than 5,000 lbs). They have evolved into one of the ocean's most bizarre fish, with a body shape that prevents them from swimming quickly except for very brief bursts of speed. They move slowly through the water with their mouths open, eating fish, jellyfish, and eggs. It was previously believed that their main diet was jellyfish, but these make up only 15% of the Mola mola's diet. Clumsy fish, they have only the remnants of a tail. They propel themselves forward by flapping their dorsal and anal fin in unison. They have no means of defense from predators except to dive deep to areas that predators are unlikely to follow. The Mola mola produces more than 300,000,000 eggs at once, the most of any known vertebrate. They migrate great distances and can cover 26km (16 miles) in a single day. They sun themselves on the surface, lying flat. This is where they are most often seen. Few scuba divers are lucky enough to encounter these giants swimming freely in the depths. These biologists have found a large Mola mola at what is known as a cleaning station. The larger fish suspend themselves vertically, a signal for smaller fish to come and eat the parasites and dead skin from their bodies. It is very rare to find evidence of a Mola mola engaged in such behaviour. The fish is surprisingly unconcerned with the divers as they make a cautious and respectfully slow approach to capture this amazing event on video. Mola mola are becoming increasingly rare due to previous over harvesting, and entanglement in gill netting used for other fish. We must study these mysterious animals more to understand how to provide conservation efforts that will ensure that we do not lose them forever.

Whale sharks are the biggest species of shark in all the oceans. They are the biggest fish and are one of the largest animals on earth, outsized only by a few whale species. They grow to an enormous 18m (55 feet) and are estimated to weigh as much as 45,000kg (100,000lbs). These biologists have come to the Galapagos Islands to swim among these giants and document there migrations. They study skin patterns and injuries to identify individuals and look for repeated sightings. Recording whale sharks over time and in different locations will provide crucial data that will help conserve the species. This whale shark has a relatively fresh wound on its head that could have come from a collision with a boat, or from a shark bite. It has been healing and the would will not present great difficulties for the whale shark, as long as it can avoid a serious infection. The injuries on the tail are very likely caused by hammerhead or Galapagos Sharks, two of the top predators that patrol these waters in abundance. They bite the fins and tails of the sharks when they are smaller and less able to outswim them. These injuries generally heal and cause no serious issues for the sharks. The Galapagos Islands are unique and fascinating for many reasons. The islands have formed very recently in geological terms, having been created by volcanic eruptions that sent hot lava upward approximately 4 million years ago. The cooling lava formed pillars and islands that provide habitat for birds and land animals, as well as the creatures of the oceans. The collision of three strong ocean currents bring plankton and nutrients upward, attracting smaller fish and ocean animals, which in turn, attract predators. But surprisingly, these whale sharks do not come to these waters to feed. And almost all of the whale sharks seen here are mature, pregnant females. Scientists are only beginning to understand the animals of the ocean. Whale sharks are a mystery in many ways.

Whale sharks are the largest shark in the ocean. They are also the largest fish and they reach an incredible length of 20m (60 feet). Estimates of their weight place them at up to 45,000kg (100,000lbs). They are truly majestic giants of the deep. Anyone lucky enough to see one swimming in the wild will never forget the experience. These lucky scuba divers have traveled to the Galapagos Islands to swim in the water near Darwin Island, a remote area where three strong ocean currents collide. The upwelling of cold water brings nutrients and food from deep in the ocean to the surface. Animals such as Galapagos sharks, hammerheads, and stingrays congregate here. For mysterious reasons that baffle scientists, whale sharks also cruise through here during certain times of the year. They are almost exclusively large, pregnant females. It is believed that they come here to give birth, but everything about this possibility is little more than theory. The babies are almost never seen. Watching a whale shark cruise past, seemingly unconcerned with the presence of comparatively tiny humans, is simply awe-inspiring. It is a life-changing moment when it becomes clear that we, as humans, are small and clumsy in this underwater realm. The whale shark could easily increase its speed or simply dive deep, as they often do to avoid predators. They are gentle beasts with no ability to bite or defend themselves. They outswim predators when needed. This whale shark was not concerned with the divers, swimming slowly through the group. Perhaps the whale shark was equally curious about them. Either way, these divers will never forget this underwater encounter.

Frigatebirds are amazing creatures that have the largest wings in relation to body weight of any bird. They are capable fliers. having the ability to stay in the air for weeks, drifting on the air currents in search of an opportunity to seize food. They feed on fish and squid that are chased to the surface by large predators such as tuna. They will chase smaller birds to steal their catch, earning them the nickname "pirates of the skies".. Male frigates have enormous gular pouches that they inflate to attract females. This hopeful male is displaying his flame red pouch for a nearby female. If successful, he will win the right to mate with her. They will nest in low trees on deserted islands. With only one egg per nesting pair, the parents will provide care and food for their young. They are devoted parents, looking after their young for the longest period of any bird species. Frigates will produce an egg only every second year. Frigates are known to venture far out to sea for food, often as far as 500km from land. Tuna fishermen have learned to follow frigates in their search for a source of tuna to catch. The frigates congregate on the surface where a school of tuna are hunting. Frigates are among the few seabirds that drink fresh water. They fly low and scoop the water while they are in flight, avoiding the need to land.

Penguins are usually found in the southern hemisphere, living among the ice on Antarctica. But Galapagos penguins are a unique species that thrive in the cold water currents around the Galapagos Islands. This adorable little penguin was perched on the rocks, taking a break from fishing. Scuba dive tour guides were brining their group back from an underwater adventure when they saw an opportunity for a close look at the penguin. They brought their inflatable boat close to the rocks and imitated the call of the penguin. Amazingly, the little fellow answered back and even hobbled his way down the rocks to get closer for a chat. The climate in the Galapagos Islands is unique, due to the convergence of three strong ocean currents. The Humboldt Current is a cold ocean current that flows into the area, lowering temperatures, and decreasing the salinity of these waters. It brings sardines, anchovies, and jack mackerels to these islands in great quantities. It is the smaller fish that the penguins feed on, allowing them to thrive in a world where they would not otherwise be able to live. Galapagos penguins are among the smallest species of penguins in the world. They are a delight for tourists and an important part of the ecosystem here. This was a heart warming moment for the divers on this boat who were able to see one of the local animals close up.

Solon is a seasoned scuba diver who lives in the Galapagos Islands. It is here that he works, calling the ocean his "office". With 35 years experience as a dive guide and roughly 15,000 dives under his belt, he is as at home in the water as Aqua Man is. Solon has a dream job, escorting guests on adventures beneath the waves, sharing the awe and wonder of the underwater world. Solon is also a fantastic teacher, sharing his vast knowledge of the reefs and the animals that live there. Solon teaches a respect for the ocean and the complex web of life that we are responsible for protecting. Perched on a rock ledge, Solon was showing his divers the animals near Wolf Island. It's a remote corner of the world where three strong ocean currents come together, supporting a diversity of life that is unlike any other. Hammerhead sharks, Galapagos sharks, whale sharks, and spotted eagle stingrays drift slowly past, curious about the awkward humans who visit and observe them. In 30 seconds, Solon records two spotted eagle stingrays that approached him curiously, a majestic sea turtle, coronet fish and a Galapagos shark. His respectful approach allows Solon a close look at the marine life and they regard him with curiosity. For nearly eight years, Solon has been seeing this eagle ray with the abnormally developed wingtip. It often swims straight to him out of the blue, circles in front of him, or regards him closely before moving on. The eagle ray seems to recognize him and can distinguish Solon from other divers. The sights and experiences in the Galapagos Islands are unique and unparalleled. Even for Solon, seeing eagle rays, sharks, sea turtles, and fish all at once was a wonder to behold.

The Galapagos Islands are a world of wonder and beauty beyond description. Three strong ocean currents converge here, bringing an abundance of food and microorganisms from the deep parts of the ocean. This attracts baitfish, which attract larger fish, creating an ideal habitat for top predators such as hammerhead sharks and Galapagos sharks. This abundance of animal life attracts something else; scuba divers. Animal lovers and nature enthusiasts venture to one of the most remote parts of the planet to see sharks, turtles, fish, and other large sea animals in their natural environment. Hammerheads fill the water here, creating great walls of thousands of individuals. It's thrilling and awe inspiring to see them in such numbers as they drift past on the current, unconcerned by a human in their ocean. The Galapagos sharks live here in great numbers as well. They are the top predators here, unless orcas happen to be passing through. This lucky scuba diver was perched on some rocks watching a show that would rival any Imax theatre production when a massive Galapagos shark cruised past him as if conducting a curious inspection. The shark eyed him from little more than arm's length away as it decided if he represented an opportunity for a meal. As the shark passed by, the scuba diver saw a fishing line trailing behind. The shark had an embedded hook in its mouth with roughly 7m (20 feet) of thick fishing line. These hooks might eventually rust and fall out, but the embedded barb will remain. It often causes an abscess and discomfort for a long period of time before it heals. In some cases, the shark's ability to hunt may be affected and they will not thrive as they should. Long line fishing continues to be a threat to many animals that are not considered target catch. Sharks, rays, turtles, and other endangered animals are often caught as by catch. The fish die on these lines before they are retrieved and there is no release for those animals that are not a food source for the fishermen. In other cases where lines are pulled in before the fish die, sharks like this one cannot be unhooked and released. The fishermen are forced to cut the line and let the fish go with an embedded hook. Scuba divers find sights like this one to be heart breaking. They understand the vital role that the sharks play in the health of the reef and the oceans and it's difficult to see our effect on the animals who call the ocean their home. Despite our misunderstanding of these sharks, and the fear that surrounds them, sharks are almost never a threat to people. Without them, our survival could also be in jeopardy.

Scuba diving is a sport that opens the door to a world of wonder and beauty that is beyond description. The adventurous can strap on an air supply and slip into the depths to witness nature and animals unlike anything that we see on the surface. To watch animals interact with each other in their own environment is fascinating. But sometimes, it is not the animals that are on display for us to see. Sometimes it is us who are on display for them. This is the case with these scuba divers who have just entered the water to begin their dive in the Galapagos Islands. They are quickly equalizing, adjusting to the pressure of the water at depth when a large Galapagos shark appeared to inspect them with fascination. Sharks are able to smell blood and other substances at great distances. They can detect vibration and assess an animal's overall health by the way they move. From far away, they can detect an injured fish by the unusual thrashing or struggling. And they can even detect a rapid heartbeat, signaling that an animal is reacting in a stressful manner. These cues give the shark a sense of whether an animal might be food or not. This large shark is curious and it is possible that it senses an opportunity for a meal, but it is highly unlikely that the shark is considering biting the humans. But even so, the sight of a shark coming directly toward you underwater is unnerving. Humans are clumsy and slow moving in this domain. If a shark did decide to bite any of these divers, there is very little that they could do to prevent it. The shark is powerful, agile, and a capable predator. Fortunately, sharks almost never attack humans, unless provoked. These scuba divers know that the shark will look them over and move on. The shark may also be hoping that the divers are spearing fish. A large shark will not hesitate to steal a fish off a spear. They will also try to grab a fish that might be distracted by a diver. But, as predicted, the shark quickly decided that there was nothing worth hanging around and a brief pass was all that it needed. This encounter provided an opportunity for spectacular footage and a memorable dive. But if a 10 foot animal with hundreds of razor sharp teeth and a stone cold stare looks you in the eye, it's an experience that will leave you at least a little shaken.

Mola mola are enormous fish that are so bizarre and so strangely formed that people describe them as the fish that evolution forgot. They can reach a staggering weight of 2,000kg (4,400lbs) and a length of almost 3.5m (11 feet). They are the largest bony fish in the world. Whale sharks are larger but they are cartilaginous, not possessing true bones. In the course of evolution, this fish developed to have a small tail that appears to be non existent. It is actually referred to as a pseudo tail. It propels itself through the water by flapping its pectoral and dorsal fins. Descended from puffer fish, this bizarre creature has been called the fish that evolution forgot, or the fish that evolved into a useless form. Its structure is so perplexing that it defies logic in many ways. The teeth of the Mola mola are fused into a beak-like structure that makes it impossible for the fish to close its mouth. It has pharyngeal teeth (teeth in its throat) to assist in feeding. Slow moving, these fish are vulnerable to sharks, orcas, and sea lions, but few other predators can bite through the thick skin of a mature Mola mola. For short distances, these fish can put on a short burst of speed, enabling them to actually leap out of the water. Once thought to eat primarily jellyfish, it is now understood that this makes up only 15% of its diet. Mola mola also consume small fish, fish eggs, and squid. Survival of the species is largely dependent on their ability to produce massive numbers of eggs. The female can produce as many as 300,000,000 eggs which is the greatest number of eggs known to be produced by any vertebrate animal. This is one of the world's most unusual fish in any ways.

Bull sea lions are enormous animals with a head the size of a giant Rottweiler and a set of teeth that is even more impressive. They grow to 2.5m (nearly 9 feet) and can weigh a whopping 400kg (880lb). They are the masters of their colonies, usually having between 12 and 25 cows and they guard them protectively, along with their territory. The males are protective of the young sea lions in their care as well. The bull and the adult females will venture out into the open ocean to hunt for eels, fish and octopus. Once full grown, only a large shark would dare attack a sea lion. But sharks are abundant in the Galapagos Islands and the sea lions are wary of these predators. In a rare glimpse of the confidence of a bull seas lion, we sea this one take a run at a full grown Galapagos Shark, one of the top predators in these waters. Only the orcas that appear here periodically rival the Galapagos shark in terms of dominance in this world. Yet, this sea lion puts the shark in its place with certainty. A scuba diver filming the sea lions could sea the females swimming nearby as they looked for food. The shark ventured to close, obviously stalking one of the females and the bull caught on to the shark's intentions. Quick to the rescue, the bull sea lion went straight for the shark and chased him off. Sea lions are surprising agile underwater and in many cases, they are superior swimmers compared with sharks. A lone shark would be in trouble if it tangled with a determined sea lion this size. The shark decides that the potential meal is not worth the fight and he heeded the message. The scuba diver wisely stayed back as well. The animals in the ocean are all part of a complex web. They may be predators one minute and prey the next and this can change with little warning.

Spotted eagle rays are one of the most beautiful of all the stingrays. Their gorgeous markings make them a joy to encounter below the surface. These scuba divers are perched on the rocks in the Galapagos Islands, watching one of the most incredible shows that nature has to offer. They see schools of hammerhead sharks, sea turtles, and massive whale sharks cruising along in the current right in front of them. and, as if that were not enough, they also see spotted eagle stingrays that cruise majestically over them and around them as they hunt for food.

This rare footage of an albino shark was captured off Wolf Island in the Galapagos. These sharks are almost never seen and even more rarely caught on video. Close inspection shows that the shark actually has some areas that may be skin pigmentation, which would make the shark leucistic as opposed to a true albino. Sharks with this condition are almost unheard of. One was caught off the coast in the United Kingdom in 2018 and it was believed to be the first one ever caught. After a few pictures, it was released into the ocean again. This shark appears to be a Galapagos shark. There is no known record of an albino or leucistic Galapagos shark ever being spotted. Solon Intriago is a world renowned scuba dive guide who has been leading underwater expeditions here for nearly 35 years. He has a deep love for the ocean and a respect for the creatures who call this magical world their home. This respect is passed on to Solon's clients as he shows them astounding sights and teaches them about the ocean and how to protect it from harm. Solon has a way with people and with animals and it is not uncommon to see the creatures here coming to curiously inspect Solon, almost as if they are greeting an old friend. He captures close up footage of the ocean's most beautiful and elusive creatures. It is no doubt his slow and respectful approach to scuba diving that tempts the animals closer to him to have a look. Solon can be found through Float N' Flag Dive Centre in Ontario. A trip with Solon is likely to be an unforgettable experience. And a trip to the Galapagos will be equally unforgettable.