DhruvaAliman

A Complicated Man - Is the Newton-and-the-apple story true? Does anybody really understand the Principia? Was he a nice guy? Sir Isaac Newton's accomplishments border on the uncanny, as does his image in the world of science. With time, the historical Newton receded into the background, overshadowed by the very legacy he helped create. Newton thus metamorphosed into science personified. So what is that legacy? What were those accomplishments? Here, familiarize yourself with Newton's greatest contributions. Invented the reflecting telescope The standard telescope of Newton's time, the refracting telescope, was not ideal. Its glass lenses focused the different colors inherent in light at different distances. This resulted, at the edges of any bright objects seen through the telescope, in colored fringes that rendered those objects slightly out of focus. Newton solved the "chromatic aberration" problem by using mirrors instead of lenses. His original reflecting telescope, which he built himself in 1668, was just six inches long. This modest device not only eliminated the colored fringes but magnified whatever it focused on by 40 times, which, as Newton noted at the time, "is more than any 6 foot Tube can do." After presenting his scope to the Royal Society, the then-unknown Newton was proposed for membership; he later served as its president for 24 years, until his death in 1727. Proposed new theory of light and color Not long after he donated his telescope to the Royal Society, Newton delivered a paper to that august body about his novel theory of light and colors. Using prisms and his usual very exacting experimental technique, Newton had discovered that sunlight is comprised of all the colors of the rainbow, which could not only be separated but recombined into white light. Though he made his experiments on light as early as 1666, when he was only 24 years old, he didn't publish his classic Optics, which summarized his findings on light and color, until 1704. Discovered calculus When Newton began to muse on the problem of the motion of the planets and what kept them in their orbits around the sun, he realized that the mathematics of the day weren't sufficient to the task. Properties such as direction and speed, by their very nature, were in a continuous state of flux, constantly changing with time and exhibiting varying rates of change. So he invented a new branch of mathematics, which he called the fluxions (later known as calculus). Calculus allowed him to draw tangents to curves, determine the lengths of curves, and solve other problems that classical geometry could not help him solve. Interestingly, Newton's masterwork, the Principia, doesn't include the calculus in the form that he'd invented years before, simply because he hadn't yet published anything about it. Developed three laws of motion Newton's Principia is difficult to comprehend on two levels, even for experts: in its original form, it is written in Latin, and it uses very challenging mathematics. Yet one thing that comes out very simply and very clearly to all is his three laws of motion: Law of inertia: Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. Law of acceleration: Force is equal to the change in momentum (mV) per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration, F = ma. Law of action and reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Devised law of universal gravitation Newton said shortly before his death that it was seeing an apple fall in his mother's garden that set him thinking "that the power of gravity ... was not limited to a certain distance from the earth but that this power must extend much farther than was usually thought. Why not as high as the moon ... and if so that must influence her motion and perhaps retain her in her orbit." This brainstorm (which some scholars suspect Newton may have invented late in life) ultimately led to his law of universal gravitation. The law says that all particles of matter in the universe attract every other particle, that gravitational attraction is a property of all matter. The law explained many things, from the orbits of the planets around the sun to the influence of the moon and sun on the tides. And it held sway as the accepted description of terrestrial and celestial mechanics for almost 200 years—until Einstein came along and rocked the boat with relativity. Advanced early modern chemistry Newton spent untold hours of his life practicing alchemy. Like other alchemists, he sought to turn base metals into gold, find a universal cure for disease, and secure the elixir of life, which promised perpetual youth and eternal life. #history #biography #documentary

NASA's New Horizons spacecraft was the first spacecraft to explore Pluto up close, flying by the dwarf planet and its moons on July 14, 2015. In early 2019, New Horizons flew past its second major science target – Arrokoth (2014 MU69), the most distant object ever explored up close. It is intriguing that such a small planet can have such a complex collection of satellites. The discovery provides additional clues for unraveling how the Pluto system formed and evolved. Pluto's entire moon system is believed to have formed by a collision between two the dwarf planet and another Kuiper Belt Object early in the history of the solar system. The smashup flung material that coalesced into the family of satellites observed around Pluto. "The moons form a series of neatly nested orbits, a bit like Russian dolls," said Mark Showalter of the SETI Institute. The known moons of Pluto are: Charon: Discovered in 1978, this small moon is almost half the size of Pluto. It is so big Pluto and Charon are sometimes referred to as a double planet system. Nix and Hydra: These small moons were found in 2005 by a Hubble Space Telescope team studying the Pluto system. Kerberos: Discovered in 2011, this tiny moon is located between the orbits of Nix and Hydra. Styx: Discovered in 2012, this little moon was found by a team of scientists searching for potential hazards to the New Horizons spacecraft Pluto flyby in July 2015. How Pluto Moons Get Their Names All of Pluto's moons are named for mythological figures associated with the underworld, a naming conventions started by 11-year-old Venetia Burney in 1930 #space #explore #documentary

Paleontologists seek evidence to determine which of the three competing theories - kill, chill or ill - best account for the disappearance of all the large animals at the end of the last ice age. Thousands of years ago, the earth was populated by giant prehistoric animals, from New Zealand's giant moa, a giant relative of the ostrich, to the ultimate symbol of the ice age, the mammoth. At the end of the last ice age, they died out, but what killed them off? Did humans play a part? Or was it down to environmental causes such as disease or climate change? Saber-toothed tigers, giant ground sloths, woolly rhinos and other ice age megafauna are all extinct now — but who or what is to blame remains a mystery. The huge herbivores of the Ice Age were ecosystem engineers. Wherever they went, mastodons, sloths, bison, and their ilk changed the landscape by eating, defecating, trampling, and otherwise going about their plant-mashing business. But they were not isolated agents. Following out the engineer analogy, the megaherbivores of times past had managers. These were the sabercats, hyenas, wolves, and other predators past. Many Pleistocene carnivores certainly look menacing enough. The long fangs of Smilodon have made it a staple of museum halls as well as schlock horror, and the thought of staring down a giant hyena is enough to send a shiver down my spine. So given that some prehistoric predators had such impressive weapons it’s not surprising that we’ve often imagined them setting into mammoths and other Ice Age giants. Bigger prey requires bigger cutlery, right? Well, not quite. Many of the most iconic Ice Age herbivores were simply too big to kill. It’s the same reason why lions don’t chase after adult elephants. Clawing into a pachyderm is a high-risk scenario, even considering the fleshy reward, and fossil evidence has suggested the same pattern held in the Pleistocene. Smilodon didn’t take on adult mammoths and Megatherium, for example, but often targeted camels and bison instead. Large size was a refuge was most Pleistocene giants. #iceage #documentary #history

The Science Behind Aviation Failures - Planes in Flames - Crash landings Caught On Camera. #rescue #sos #flight

Russell Brand is an award-winning comedian, actor, author, public thought leader, and a passionate activist for mental health and drug rehabilitation.

Sea Monsters: Prehistoric Ocean Predators Ancestors of three types of ancient reptiles left the land and colonised the seas. They were ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs. These three groups developed into awesome sea monsters that make today's great white sharks seem small. Ichthyosaurs Ichthyosaur (pronounced: ick-thee-o-sore) means ‘fish-lizard’. They were the first major group of reptiles to go back to the sea, where they ruled for nearly 150 million years. There have been lots of different shapes and sizes of icthyosaurs. Early versions had long, bendy bodies, but over time they became more streamlined, with compact, rigid bodies and crescent-shaped tails– like tuna and sharks. They developed more bones in their flippers to stiffen them and used them for steering. Their powerful tails made them the fastest marine reptiles– some could swim as fast as 40 kilometres per hour. Ichthyosaurs were great hunters. They had large eyes to see in the dark depths and lots of teeth to snap up slippery prey.Like dolphins, they breathed air, gave birth to live young and were probably warm-blooded. Plesiosaurs Plesiosaur (pronounced: plea-zee-o-sore) means ‘near-lizard’, as scientists felt they were more lizard-like than the ichthyosaurs or ‘fish-lizards’.They evolved after the ichthyosaurs, lived with them for about 100 million years, then outlasted them to share the oceans with the mosasaurs. Plesiosaurs spread across the whole world. Their fossils have been found on every continent, including Antarctica. All plesiosaurs had short tails, long flippers and flattened bodies. But there were two different versions at the front end – either small heads on long necks, or big heads on short necks. Both types were streamlined with smooth skin to slide through the water. Their bodies were almost almond-shaped – five and a half times longer than they were wide. These are the same proportions as other swimming hunters, including sea lions and penguins.Plesiosaurs came in lots of different sizes, from a bicycle-sized 1.5 m long to a bus-sized 15 m long. Mosasaurs Mosasaurs (pronounced mow-sa-sores) arrived five million years after the ichthyosaurs died out and soon replaced plesiosaurs at the top of the food chain. Their fossils show a steady sequence of changes as they evolved from small lizards living on the water's edge to the ocean's top predators. They were powerful swimmers with goanna-like bodies, long snouts and forked tongues. Their paddles were formed from soft tissue covering their long finger bones. They used them for steering as their tails pushed them through the water. Unlike ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, they kept their scaly skin. Mosasaurs ate anything: ammonites, fish, turtles, plesiosaurs, other mosasaurs and even sea birds. The only thing a mosasaur had to fear was a bigger mosasaur. Mosasaur skulls with bite marks from other mosasaurs suggest they might have fought each other for food, territory or mates. They dominated the world's oceans and inland seas for 30 million years until they went extinct, along with the plesiosaurs, at the end of the Cretaceous period. This extinction marked the end of the era when reptiles ruled the seas. Crash of the titans Ichthyosaurs suddenly disappeared at the end of the Cretaceous, 90 million years ago. We're not sure exactly why. Possibly something starved the oceans of oxygen, and therefore the ichthyosaurs of their prey. Then, 66 million years ago, a 10-kilometre-wide asteroid smashed into the Earth, triggering earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Dust and smoke blocked the sun and the climate changed dramatically. This led to the extinction of nearly half the life on Earth and famously brought an end to the dinosaurs (except some of those that had evolved into birds). Nearly three quarters of ocean species died out, including the plesiosaurs and the mosasaurs.

What is quantum entanglement? A physicist explains Einstein’s ‘spooky action at a distance’. A multitude of experiments have shown the mysterious phenomena of quantum mechanics to be how the universe functions. The scientists behind these experiments won the 2022 Nobel Prize in physics. The 2022 Nobel Prize in physics recognized three scientists who made groundbreaking contributions in understanding one of the most mysterious of all natural phenomena: quantum entanglement. In the simplest terms, quantum entanglement means that aspects of one particle of an entangled pair depend on aspects of the other particle, no matter how far apart they are or what lies between them. These particles could be, for example, electrons or photons, and an aspect could be the state it is in, such as whether it is “spinning” in one direction or another. The strange part of quantum entanglement is that when you measure something about one particle in an entangled pair, you immediately know something about the other particle, even if they are millions of light years apart. This odd connection between the two particles is instantaneous, seemingly breaking a fundamental law of the universe. Albert Einstein famously called the phenomenon “spooky action at a distance.” Having spent the better part of two decades conducting experiments rooted in quantum mechanics, I have come to accept its strangeness. Thanks to ever more precise and reliable instruments and the work of this year’s Nobel winners, Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, physicists now integrate quantum phenomena into their knowledge of the world with an exceptional degree of certainty. However, even until the 1970s, researchers were still divided over whether quantum entanglement was a real phenomenon. And for good reasons – who would dare contradict the great Einstein, who himself doubted it? It took the development of new experimental technology and bold researchers to finally put this mystery to rest. Existing in multiple states at once To truly understand the spookiness of quantum entanglement, it is important to first understand quantum superposition. Quantum superposition is the idea that particles exist in multiple states at once. When a measurement is performed, it is as if the particle selects one of the states in the superposition. For example, many particles have an attribute called spin that is measured either as “up” or “down” for a given orientation of the analyzer. But until you measure the spin of a particle, it simultaneously exists in a superposition of spin up and spin down. There is a probability attached to each state, and it is possible to predict the average outcome from many measurements. The likelihood of a single measurement being up or down depends on these probabilities, but is itself unpredictable. Though very weird, the mathematics and a vast number of experiments have shown that quantum mechanics correctly describes physical reality.

They Called It A Conspiracy Theory, Debunked, Racist, Misinformation, Highly Unlikely, Etc. Starring The "Misinformation" Experts: Rachel Maddow, Joy Reid, Fareed Zakaria, Chris Hayes, The Young Turks, CNN, MSNBC, Facebook, Twitter, New York Times, Washington Post, etc…And those who got it right: Trump, Tom Cotton, Mike Pompeo, Tucker Carlson, Greg Gutfeld, Hannity, Maria Bartiromo and more! …Another Case Against 'Misinformation' Bans. U.S. Energy Department Now Says Lab Leak Most Likely Origin of Covid-19 Pandemic, and FBI agrees. Rand Paul says Biden should declassify docs after Energy Department reversal. The Energy Department, which had been undecided on the origin of the pandemic, now joins the FBI in concluding the coronavirus likely spread due to a mishap at a Chinese laboratory, the Wall Street Journal reported, citing a classified intelligence report provided to the White House and key members of Congress. The so-called "lab leak theory," according to which the virus came from a lab leak at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in Wuhan, China, was widely dismissed as a conspiracy theory and "misinformation" by Democrats, major news outlets, scientists, and social media companies in the early stages of the pandemic. Paul was hardly the only Republican lawmakers to call for answers and accountability following news of the Energy Department's assessment. Congressional Republicans quickly took to Twitter, demanding apologies from those who dismissed the lab leak theory and for China to be held accountable. The development, which was noted in an update to a 2021 document by Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines's office, prompted Paul to call for greater transparency. "Classified documents leaked (they should be declassified!) showing scientists at DOE believe COVID leaked from Wuhan Lab," Paul tweeted, calling for greater transparency. Beyond the FBI and Energy Department, the National Intelligence Council and four other agencies assess at "low confidence" that the COVID-19 pandemic originated due to natural transmission from an infected animal, while the CIA and another unnamed agency are undecided, according to the Wall Street Journal. FBI Director Christopher Wray said the COVID-19 pandemic was likely caused by a lab leak in Wuhan, China. "The FBI has for quite some time now assessed that the origins of the pandemic are most likely a potential lab incident in Wuhan," Wray told Fox News in an interview that aired Tuesday. "Here you are talking about a potential leak from a Chinese government-controlled lab." "I will just make the observation that the Chinese government, it seems to me, has been doing its best to try to thwart and obfuscate the work here, the work that we're doing, the work that our U.S. government and close foreign partners are doing. And that's unfortunate for everybody," he added. Wray said the FBI has specialists who focus on "the dangers of biological threats, which include things like novel viruses like COVID, and the concerns that they [are] in the wrong hands [of] some bad guys, a hostile nation state, a terrorist, a criminal." #fakenews #bias #gaslighting

They Called It A Conspiracy Theory, Debunked, Racist, Misinformation, Highly Unlikely, Etc. Starring The "Misinformation" Experts: Rachel Maddow, Joy Reid, Fareed Zakaria, Chris Hayes, The Young Turks, CNN, MSNBC, Facebook, Twitter, New York Times, Washington Post, etc…And those who got it right: Trump, Tom Cotton, Mike Pompeo, Tucker Carlson, Greg Gutfeld, Hannity, Maria Bartiromo and more! …Another Case Against 'Misinformation' Bans. U.S. Energy Department Now Says Lab Leak Most Likely Origin of Covid-19 Pandemic, and FBI agrees. Rand Paul says Biden should declassify docs after Energy Department reversal. The Energy Department, which had been undecided on the origin of the pandemic, now joins the FBI in concluding the coronavirus likely spread due to a mishap at a Chinese laboratory, the Wall Street Journal reported, citing a classified intelligence report provided to the White House and key members of Congress. The so-called "lab leak theory," according to which the virus came from a lab leak at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in Wuhan, China, was widely dismissed as a conspiracy theory and "misinformation" by Democrats, major news outlets, scientists, and social media companies in the early stages of the pandemic. Paul was hardly the only Republican lawmakers to call for answers and accountability following news of the Energy Department's assessment. Congressional Republicans quickly took to Twitter, demanding apologies from those who dismissed the lab leak theory and for China to be held accountable. The development, which was noted in an update to a 2021 document by Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines's office, prompted Paul to call for greater transparency. "Classified documents leaked (they should be declassified!) showing scientists at DOE believe COVID leaked from Wuhan Lab," Paul tweeted, calling for greater transparency. Beyond the FBI and Energy Department, the National Intelligence Council and four other agencies assess at "low confidence" that the COVID-19 pandemic originated due to natural transmission from an infected animal, while the CIA and another unnamed agency are undecided, according to the Wall Street Journal. FBI Director Christopher Wray said the COVID-19 pandemic was likely caused by a lab leak in Wuhan, China. "The FBI has for quite some time now assessed that the origins of the pandemic are most likely a potential lab incident in Wuhan," Wray told Fox News in an interview that aired Tuesday. "Here you are talking about a potential leak from a Chinese government-controlled lab." "I will just make the observation that the Chinese government, it seems to me, has been doing its best to try to thwart and obfuscate the work here, the work that we're doing, the work that our U.S. government and close foreign partners are doing. And that's unfortunate for everybody," he added. Wray said the FBI has specialists who focus on "the dangers of biological threats, which include things like novel viruses like COVID, and the concerns that they [are] in the wrong hands [of] some bad guys, a hostile nation state, a terrorist, a criminal." #fakenews #bias #gaslighting

They Called It A Conspiracy Theory, Debunked, Racist, Misinformation, Highly Unlikely, Etc. ...Starring The "Misinformation" Experts: Rachel Maddow, Joy Reid, Fareed Zakaria, Chris Hayes, The Young Turks, CNN, MSNBC, Facebook, Twitter, New York Times, Washington Post, etc…And those who got it right: Trump, Tom Cotton, Mike Pompeo, Tucker Carlson, Greg Gutfeld, Hannity, Maria Bartiromo and more! …Another Case Against 'Misinformation' Bans. U.S. Energy Department Now Says Lab Leak Most Likely Origin of Covid-19 Pandemic, and FBI agrees. Rand Paul says Biden should declassify docs after Energy Department reversal. The Energy Department, which had been undecided on the origin of the pandemic, now joins the FBI in concluding the coronavirus likely spread due to a mishap at a Chinese laboratory, the Wall Street Journal reported, citing a classified intelligence report provided to the White House and key members of Congress. The so-called "lab leak theory," according to which the virus came from a lab leak at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in Wuhan, China, was widely dismissed as a conspiracy theory and "misinformation" by Democrats, major news outlets, scientists, and social media companies in the early stages of the pandemic. Paul was hardly the only Republican lawmakers to call for answers and accountability following news of the Energy Department's assessment. Congressional Republicans quickly took to Twitter, demanding apologies from those who dismissed the lab leak theory and for China to be held accountable. The development, which was noted in an update to a 2021 document by Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines's office, prompted Paul to call for greater transparency. "Classified documents leaked (they should be declassified!) showing scientists at DOE believe COVID leaked from Wuhan Lab," Paul tweeted, calling for greater transparency. Beyond the FBI and Energy Department, the National Intelligence Council and four other agencies assess at "low confidence" that the COVID-19 pandemic originated due to natural transmission from an infected animal, while the CIA and another unnamed agency are undecided, according to the Wall Street Journal. FBI Director Christopher Wray said the COVID-19 pandemic was likely caused by a lab leak in Wuhan, China. "The FBI has for quite some time now assessed that the origins of the pandemic are most likely a potential lab incident in Wuhan," Wray told Fox News in an interview that aired Tuesday. "Here you are talking about a potential leak from a Chinese government-controlled lab." "I will just make the observation that the Chinese government, it seems to me, has been doing its best to try to thwart and obfuscate the work here, the work that we're doing, the work that our U.S. government and close foreign partners are doing. And that's unfortunate for everybody," he added. Wray said the FBI has specialists who focus on "the dangers of biological threats, which include things like novel viruses like COVID, and the concerns that they [are] in the wrong hands [of] some bad guys, a hostile nation state, a terrorist, a criminal." #fakenews #bias #gaslighting

ALL CREDITS ARE LISTED BELOW... Music: Bull of Poseidon (More Kicks Mix) by Dhruva Aliman - Amazon - https://amzn.to/2MbZ3TF - Apple - https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 - Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet - Bandcamp - https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/snooper - http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Video Clips from the following, IN ORDER-- Dave The Dog Goes Crazy! by http://www.hosting-nation.com/ Insane Downhill Bike Race In Chile valparaiso polc 2011 Hitting the Koala 5_1_13 Motorcycle Accident Missing The Koala Other End ATV Hits A Cow Deer Nearly Hits a Triumph Tiger in Oregon Loukanikos, the Greek riot dog with Paul Mason in Athens, 17th June 2011 Riot Dog Louk_ Athens Protest-Kulthund Sausage, the riot dog of Greece Christian Moullec at Middenmeer Baleines à Tahiti Marlice van der Merwe's leopard Elaine burrows in snow Testosterone fuelled stag chases man in Bushy Park, London Ushuaia - Chasse aux serpents WHALE SHARK RESCUE FROM FISHING NET - Whale Shark Saved Turtle fight - Reuzenschildpad Artis Amsterdam valt ondersteboven Hawk snatches released mouse End Credits Music: Slave and Rose by Dhruva Aliman

Will future asteroids trigger massive extinctions—or be mined for precious minerals? Will asteroids turn out to be our economic salvation-or instruments of destruction? - The asteroid that exploded over Siberia—injuring more than 1,000 and damaging buildings in six cities—was a shocking reminder that Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting range. From the width of a football field to the size of a small city, these space rocks have the potential to be killers. In a collision with Earth, they could set off deadly blast waves, raging fires and colossal tidal waves. But some audacious entrepreneurs look up at asteroids and see payday, not doomsday. Some asteroids are loaded with billions of dollars’ worth of elements like iron, nickel, and platinum. NASA is planning an ambitious mission to return samples from a potentially hazardous asteroid, and would-be asteroid miners are dreaming up their own program to scout for potentially profitable asteroids. Asteroids, sometimes called minor planets, are rocky, airless remnants left over from the early formation of our solar system about 4.6 billion years ago. The current known asteroid count is: 1,266,766 Analysis of data obtained by NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) investigation team shows the spacecraft's kinetic impact with its target asteroid, Dimorphos, successfully altered the asteroid’s orbit. This marks humanity’s first time purposely changing the motion of a celestial object and the first full-scale demonstration of asteroid deflection technology. “All of us have a responsibility to protect our home planet. After all, it’s the only one we have,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “This mission shows that NASA is trying to be ready for whatever the universe throws at us. NASA has proven we are serious as a defender of the planet. This is a watershed moment for planetary defense and all of humanity, demonstrating commitment from NASA's exceptional team and partners from around the world.” Prior to DART’s impact, it took Dimorphos 11 hours and 55 minutes to orbit its larger parent asteroid, Didymos. Since DART’s intentional collision with Dimorphos on Sept. 26, astronomers have been using telescopes on Earth to measure how much that time has changed. Now, the investigation team has confirmed the spacecraft’s impact altered Dimorphos’ orbit around Didymos by 32 minutes, shortening the 11 hour and 55-minute orbit to 11 hours and 23 minutes. This measurement has a margin of uncertainty of approximately plus or minus 2 minutes. Before its encounter, NASA had defined a minimum successful orbit period change of Dimorphos as change of 73 seconds or more. This early data show DART surpassed this minimum benchmark by more than 25 times. “This result is one important step toward understanding the full effect of DART’s impact with its target asteroid” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “As new data come in each day, astronomers will be able to better assess whether, and how, a mission like DART could be used in the future to help protect Earth from a collision with an asteroid if we ever discover one headed our way.” #sciencefacts #interestingfacts #future

Take a Ride with the Blue Angels - Incredible POV - A total of 16 officers voluntarily serve with the Blue Angels. Each year the team typically selects three tactical (fighter or fighter/attack) jet pilots, two support officers and one Marine Corps C-130 pilot to relieve departing members. The Chief of Naval Air Training selects the "Boss," the Blue Angels Commanding Officer. Boss must have at least 3,000 tactical jet flight-hours and have commanded a tactical jet squadron. The Commanding Officer flies the Number 1 jet. The Chief of Naval Air Training also selects the "XO," the Blue Angels Executive Officer. XO is a Naval Flight Officer (NFO) and must have at least 1,250 tactical jet flight-hours. Career-oriented Navy and Marine Corps jet pilots with an aircraft carrier qualification and a minimum of 1,250 tactical jet flight-hours are eligible for positions flying jets Number 2 through 7. The Events Coordinator, Number 8, is a Naval Flight Officer (NFO) or a Weapons Systems Officer (WSO) who meets the same criteria as Numbers 2 through 7. The Marine Corps pilots flying the C-130T Hercules aircraft, affectionately known as "Fat Albert," must be aircraft commander qualified with at least 1,200 flight hours. Career-oriented officers specializing in maintenance, administration, aviation medicine, public affairs and supply fill support positions. The Blue Angels base their selection of officers on professional ability, military bearing and communication skills. Blue Angels officers are well-rounded representatives of their fleet counterparts. Officers typically serve two years with the team. Blue Angels officers return to the fleet after their tours of duty. The mission of the Blue Angels is to showcase the pride and professionalism of the United States Navy and Marine Corps by inspiring a culture of excellence and service to country through flight demonstrations and community outreach. #Speed #Flying #View Music: Here Today Gone Tomorrow by Dhruva Aliman Amazon- https://amzn.to/3dgKA52 https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet Jet,Jet Plane,Jet Fighter,Air Force,Navy,Airshow,Air Show,Tricks,Awesome,Epic,Epic Win,Aviation,Flying,Fly,tactical,Stunts,Flight,Pilot,POV,View,Blue Angels,Marine Corps,Electronica,Trance Music,Soundtrack,Music,aircraft,squadron,Demo,Demonstration,Show,Coast,Panoramic,zoom

The history of explosives and propellants, also known generally as ‘energetic materials’, begins with the material known as gunpowder or black powder, whether the intended use was for civil applications such as rock blasting, military uses in demolition, shell filling (bursting charges) and construction projects, or military and civilian propellant charges for shotguns, pistols, rifles, or artillery. The individual inventor of black powder will undoubtedly forever remain unknown, but numerous writers such as Drinker (1878), Munroe (1888), Marshall (1915), and Davis (1941, 1943), have described what is known about its development and evolution: therefore, there will be no such discussion here. Suffice to say that until the discovery of nitrated explosive compounds such as nitrocellulose by Schönbein and Böttger (independently of one another) and nitroglycerin by Sobrero (all occurring in 1846), the only explosive available for any purpose was black powder. The instantaneous release of energy from a relatively small volume of material can be viewed as an explosive event. This is achieved by changes in the chemical composition of the solid, liquid or gas, and the release of chemical energy. Depending on initiation conditions, charge geometry and chemical composition, this reaction can accelerate until a steady value (detonation) has been achieved, or decelerate (deflagration) and eventually die out. The distinction between true detonation and deflagration is not crucial at this stage, as both processes can lead to release of very large amounts of energy in a small fraction of a second. Most incidents involving dust or vapour cloud explosions (flour, sawdust, gasoline vapours, natural gas, etc.) involve only rapid combustion and not detonation. Most commercial explosives such as ammonium nitrate (AN)-fuel oil mixtures exhibit non-ideal behaviour, in that their sensitivity and severity of explosion falls off rapidly with decreasing diameter and lack of confinement. In this discussion, confined to condensed phase explosions, the words ‘detonation’ and ‘explosion’ are used synonymously and no distinction is made between commercial and military explosives. IN both Great Britain and the United States the explosives industry has formed one of the most important nuclei round which the powerful chemical combinations now existing in these two countries have developed. A history of the British explosives industry, edited by E. A. B. Hodgetts, was published in 1909, under the direction of the Explosives Section of the seventh International Congress of Applied Chemistry; the present publication deals with the history of the explosives industry in the United States and Canada, and to some extent in Mexico and South America. It has been written and published under the auspices of the Institute of Makers of Explosives, and the material has been collected from pioneer workers who are still living, from the records and archives of large powder companies, and “for the earlier history, more particularly the origins of the black powder business, data have been found in colonial records and local histories of towns, counties, and states.” #science #technology #boom

How deep is the ocean? - The average depth of the ocean is about 3,688 meters (12,100 feet). The deepest part of the ocean is called the Challenger Deep and is located beneath the western Pacific Ocean in the southern end of the Mariana Trench, which runs several hundred kilometers southwest of the U.S. territorial island of Guam. Challenger Deep is approximately 10,935 meters (35,876 feet) deep. It is named after the HMS Challenger, whose crew first sounded the depths of the trench in 1875. This film tells the story of the moving sea floor, from its formation at the mid-ocean ridges, to its demise in the deep-sea trenches thousands of miles away. We compress a journey that takes 200 million years into an incident packed 50 minutes. We start with the mystery of Hawaii, an island that is sinking, and moving. But why? The first clue came in the Second World War, when a US landing craft commander deduced that the sea floor was moving. To discover why, we dive to the strange underwater world of the ocean ridges where volcanic rock spewing out of the earth creates new sea floor. This is the realm of black smokers, and white chimneys, hydrothermal vents that create their own ecosystem. From here we descend to the flat landscape of the abyssal plain, where the only features are decaying whale carcasses. Even here, the evidence shows that the seabed is moving. Finally, we see strange mud volcanoes thrown up as the sea floor descends into the deepest part of the ocean, and melts back into the mantle of the earth. #science #adventure #explore

One of the best self-defense instructors in the world demonstrates how to survive. Jiu-jitsu instructor Rener Gracie shares some tips on how to fend off an attacker on 'Unfiltered with Dan Bongino.' after video goes viral of woman being attacked in the Florida gym. Nashali Alma, 24, was exercising in the gym at the Inwood Park Apartment Complex in Tampa when Xavier Thomas-Jones attacked her Jan. 22, the Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office charged. Security footage posted on social media by the sheriff’s office shows Alma letting Thomas-Jones into the facility before continuing her workout. Thomas-Jones, 25, is then seen trying to grab Alma’s waist and taking her down to the ground— Alma eventually was able to get back on her feet and run to a nearby apartment, where she called 911.Thomas-Jones fled — and tried to enter another woman’s apartment in the complex. He was apprehended by deputies less than 24 hours later. #jiujitsu #selfdefense #martialarts

Paleontologist Jack Horner questions the assumption that Tyrannosaurus Rex was a predator. He thinks there is a reasonable chance it was a scavenger that had little ability to hunt or even run. He's out in the field looking for evidence to try to settle the debate. Horner with his digging team, travel to Hell Creek Formation in search for dinosaur fossils, while also following Horner as he presents his view of the theropod dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex as a scavenger rather than a predator, as it is often portrayed in popular culture. Why a New T. Rex Study Is Riling Up the Paleontology World - Established scientists are casting serious doubts on new research suggesting that the infamous, ferocious dinosaur is actually three different species. The Tyrannosaurus rex is perhaps the most famous and recognizable dinosaur, fascinating scientists and the public alike. With its enormous body and small arms, the “King of the Tyrant Lizards” was one of the largest land-dwelling predators. Now, in a controversial new study published in Evolutionary Biology, researchers are proposing that the T. rex was actually three different species: T. rex, T. regina and T. imperator. “This paper is likely to rock the paleo community, and the public that is so used to good old T. rex,” Gregory Paul, an independent paleontologist, paleoartist and author on the study, tells the New York Times’ Asher Elbein. The researchers examined 37 specimens, looking at variations in femur sizes and dentistry, as well as the layers in which the dinosaurs were found. They posit that specimens found in lower layers are the species T. imperator, stocky-boned specimens are the T. rex, while the smaller boned specimens are a species called T. regina, or “tyrant lizard queen,” writes the Guardian’s Nicola Davis. But some paleontologists who have been in the field for years aren’t convinced by the new paper. “It’s just shades of gray and shapes in clouds — there’s no validity here at all,” Thomas Carr, a paleontologist at Carthage College in Kenosha, Wisconsin, tells National Geographic’s Michael Greshko. Carr previously studied variations in 1,850 different features in T. rex specimens and found no evidence that the species should be split up. He tells Popular Science’s Shi En Kim that the new research shows only subtle differences that could be attributed to variations among individuals. “The features that identify species are utterly unique, smack-in-the-face-with-a-frying-pan obvious,” he tells the publication. Moreover, the authors were unable to assign a species to several of the skulls, despite them being in excellent condition, he says. Another paleontologist, Steve Brusatte from the University of Edinburgh, tells the Guardian that he too disagrees with the paper’s findings. “I understand the temptation to divide T. rex into different species, because there is some variation in the fossil bones that we have,” he says to the Guardian. “But ultimately, to me, this variation is very minor and not indicative of meaningful biological separation of distinct species that can be defined based on clear, explicit, consistent differences.” Part of this debate stems from the fact that scientists don’t universally agree upon what counts as a species, per the Times, and dinosaur taxonomy is subjective. Currently, the T. rex is the only species in the genus Tyrannosaurus, but the study’s authors say this is only because of a lack of research on enough specimens. “For over a century, the species T. rex potentially being a de facto taxonomic waste basket was to a fair extent a consequence of available sample size, the number of reasonably complete Tyrannosaurus skeletons being much too small to sufficiently examine the issue,” the authors write. “However, that situation of taxonomic stagnation due to specimen deprivation has dramatically improved since the late 1900s. An in-depth examination is now possible.” Paul tells Reuters’ Will Dunham that he knows the study will spark controversy, and the dino’s iconic status will only amplify the debate. “I’m aware that there could be a lot of people who aren’t going to be happy about this,” he tells the Times. “And my response to them is: Publish a refutation.” #history #evolution #dinosaur

Medieval castles were built from the 11th century CE for rulers to demonstrate their wealth and power to the local populace, to provide a place of defense and safe retreat in the case of attack, defend strategically important sites like river crossings, passages through hills, mountains and frontiers, and as a place of residence. Whether a permanent home for a local lord or a temporary one for a ruler embarking on a tour of their kingdom, castles were converted from wood into stone and became ever more impressive structures with more and more defensive features such as round towers and fortified gates. Evolution A good location for a castle was on a natural rise, near a cliff, on the bend of a river, or where older fortifications such as Roman walls could be usefully reused. Castles needed their own water and food supplies and usually a permanent defensive force, additional factors to be considered when choosing a location. Castles were an expensive undertaking which could take years to finish. A master mason, who was, in effect also the architect, led a team of hundreds of skilled workers ranging from carpenters to blacksmiths and dyke specialists to common labourers. The transportation of materials was the highest cost of all so the proximity of a local quarry was a big plus. THE TOWER KEEP BECAME A STAPLE FEATURE OF MEDIEVAL CASTLES, ALTHOUGH THEY WERE CALLED A DONJON PRIOR TO THE 16TH CENTURY CE. The earliest form of castle was a simple wooden palisade, perhaps with earthworks, surrounding a camp, sometimes with a permanent wooden tower in the centre. This then evolved into the motte and bailey castle - a wall encircling an open space or courtyard (bailey) and a natural or artificial hill (motte) which had a wooden tower built on top of it. These were especially popular with the Normans from the 11th century CE. In the next stage of development, an outer wall was built of stone on top of the motte and then known as a shell keep. Finally, in the 12th century CE, the outer wall and main central tower also came to be built of stone, but not usually on the motte itself as that was not stable enough to use as a foundation for such a heavy structure. Indeed, entirely new locations might be preferred or required, and the foundation of choice was bedrock which prevented any undermining by an attacking force. The keep became a staple feature of castles, although they were called a donjon (from the French word meaning 'lord') prior to the 16th century CE. Usually with three or more stories (tower keeps); some were lower and are called hall keeps. The keep was the heart of the medieval castle and the last point of refuge in case of attack or siege. Before they got to the keep, though, attackers had to negotiate a long list of defensive features. Features The typical features of a medieval castle were: Moat - a perimeter ditch with or without water Barbican - a fortification to protect a gate Curtain Walls & Towers - the perimeter defensive wall Fortified Gatehouse - the main castle entrance Keep (aka Donjon or Great Tower) - the largest tower and best stronghold of the castle Bailey or Inner Ward (courtyard) - the area within a curtain wall. Moat An artificial ditch or moat was dug to surround the entire castle complex and could be filled with water permanently or temporarily during attack in some cases. As creating a moat was a huge undertaking, the presence of natural rises and depressions were important factors in choosing where to build the castle in the first place. The earth or stone excavated while preparing the moat could be used to build up the mound on which the castle would be subsequently built. The moat was made deep enough to impede attackers on horse, foot or equipped with siege towers. The sides were steep and could be riveted with wooden stakes to increase their slipperiness. Stakes might also be placed in the bottom to further impede crossing. If filled with water, only a half-metre depth was required to obstruct the enemy and make them more vulnerable to missiles fired from the walls above. Barbican The barbican was a defensive fortification built to protect potential weak spots like a gate. Typically consisting of a short stretch of fortified wall, perhaps forming an echelon form, it allowed the defenders to ward off a direct attack on the wall or gate proper. The barbican could be protected by covering fire from the towers behind it and was sometimes surrounded by its own wall and/or ditch (with accompanying drawbridge or swing bridge) when it was known as a courtyard barbican. A second type was the passageway barbican which was similar to a fortified corridor leading from a gateway outwards. By the mid-13th century CE, barbicans were set more distant from the outer wall, at an angle from a gate and incorporating a 90-degree turn within them (between the entrance and exit bridges) to further impede access to the castle proper. #history #architecture #interestingfacts

North Korean defector Yeonmi Park issues stark warning about woke ideologies. She slams woke ideologies in American classrooms, telling 'America Reports' intolerance is leading the country down the same path as North Korea. Author of International Bestseller “In Order To Live & While Time Remains” / BBC 100 Women / TED Speaker, Yeonmi Park (born 4 October 1993) is a North Korean defector and activist whose family fled from North Korea to China in 2007 and settled in South Korea in 2009, before moving to the United States in 2014. Her family turned to black-market trading during the North Korean famine in the 1990s. Her father was sent to a labor camp for smuggling. They fled to China, where Park and her mother fell into the hands of human traffickers and she was sold into slavery before escaping to Mongolia. She is now an advocate for victims of human trafficking in China and works to promote human rights in North Korea and around the globe. #wisdom #woke #america

ALL CREDITS ARE LISTED BELOW...WITH LINKS Music: Winning by Dhruva Aliman - Amazon- https://amzn.to/3dgKA52 - Apple - https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 - Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet - Bandcamp - https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/hard-to-get-along - http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/Video Clips from the following, IN ORDER-- Cat Betrayed His Girlfriend! Sex! Heat! Rage! Foul language! (Original) Asian Carp hits guy in the face News Reporter Scared Of Fish! Epic Asain Carp Attack il parto della mucca Dog's dream comes true! Vinyl Cat Parrot opens soda can Hand feeding hummingbirds - Raw Video Afternoon Banana Steffanie Gatorfest 2009 Gator Wrestling Spearfishing Mozambique with African Spearfishing Diaries Fish Grabs Man's Arm - Giant fish swallows mans arm Rare Brown Bear Charges at Tourists in China Funny cats in water, EPIC Moose stuck in swimming pool Manchester New Hampshire Camel Falls Into Crowd! Project Christmas 2010 italian time End Credits Music: Slave and Rose by Dhruva Aliman #funny #animals #compilation

World Most Feared Super Submarine in U.S, Navy - The Virginia Class attack submarine is the U.S. Navy’s newest undersea warfare platform and incorporates the latest in stealth, intelligence gathering and weapons systems technology. Attack submarines are designed to seek and destroy enemy submarines and surface ships; project power ashore with Tomahawk cruise missiles and Special Operation Forces; carry out Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions; support battle group operations; and engage in mine warfare. The Virginia class wa not the first new design to come into service after the Cold War. The Seawolf class was originally intended to succeed the Los Angeles class, but production was canceled after only three submarines were produced. This restriction occurred due to budgeting restraints at the end of the Cold War, and the final submarine was manufactured in 1995. At a cost of $3 billion per unit, the Seawolf class was the most expensive SSN submarine. The Virginia class was put into production in full swing due to being smaller and carrying more manageable costs than the Seawolf. The Navy is now building the next-generation attack submarine, the Virginia (SSN 774) class. The Virginia class has several innovations that significantly enhance its warfighting capabilities with an emphasis on littoral operations. Virginia class SSNs have a fly-by-wire ship control system that provides improved shallow-water ship handling. The class has special features to support special operation forces including a reconfigurable torpedo room which can accommodate a large number of special operation forces and all their equipment for prolonged deployments and future off-board payloads. The class also has a large lock-in/lock-out chamber for divers. In Virginia-class SSNs, traditional periscopes have been supplanted by two photonics masts that host visible and infrared digital cameras atop telescoping arms. With the removal of the barrel periscopes, the ship’s control room has been moved down one deck and away from the hull’s curvature, affording it more room and an improved layout that provides the commanding officer with enhanced situational awareness. Additionally, through the extensive use of modular construction, open architecture, and commercial off-the-shelf components, the Virginia class is designed to remain state of the practice for its entire operational life through the rapid introduction of new systems and payloads. As part of the Virginia-class’ third, or Block III, contract, the Navy redesigned approximately 20 percent of the ship to reduce their acquisition costs. Most of the changes are found in the bow where the traditional, air-backed sonar sphere has been replaced with a water-backed Large Aperture Bow (LAB) array which reduces acquisition and life-cycle costs while providing enhanced passive detection capabilities. The new bow also replaces the 12 individual Vertical Launch System (VLS) tubes with two 87-inch Virginia Payload Tubes (VPTs), each capable of launching six Tomahawk cruise missiles. The VPTs simplify construction, reduce acquisition costs, and provide for more payload flexibility than the smaller VLS tubes due to their added volume. United States Navy (USN). Virginia-class Nuclear-powered fast attack Submarine: USS TEXAS (SSN 775), Namesake: State of Texas, Commissioned: 2006, Builder: Newport News Shipbuilding, #submarine #navy #military

ALL CREDITS ARE LISTED BELOW... Song: Hobo Takes The Train - Amazon - https://amzn.to/2MbZ3TF - Apple - https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637 - Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet - Bandcamp - https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/snooper - http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ Video Clips from the following, IN ORDER- Пажетнов Вася и медвежата (Pazhetnov Vasya & bear cubs) Three Men vs. Fifteen Hungry Lions - Human Planet Highwire Fishing - Human Planet, Rivers Fisherman in Laos Human Planet - Jungles Part 2 Human Planet Oceans - Into the Blue Ep 01 Bear Steals FISH FROM FISHERMAN 2 End Credits Music: Slave and Rose by Dhruva Aliman

Just a few decades ago, the only planets we were sure that existed were those orbiting our sun, making up our solar system. Astronomers thought it was very likely that there were also planets orbiting other stars, but these were almost impossible to detect because they were so small, relatively speaking, and so far away. But since the first planet outside our solar system (or exoplanet) was discovered in 1992, the number of known exoplanets has exploded into an exciting and active field of research. The count of confirmed exoplanets just ticked past the 5,000 mark, representing a 30-year journey of discovery led by NASA space telescopes. The planetary odometer turned on March 21, with the latest batch of 65 exoplanets – planets outside our immediate solar family – added to the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The archive records exoplanet discoveries that appear in peer-reviewed, scientific papers, and that have been confirmed using multiple detection methods or by analytical techniques. The 5,000-plus planets found so far include small, rocky worlds like Earth, gas giants many times larger than Jupiter, and “hot Jupiters” in scorchingly close orbits around their stars. There are “super-Earths,” which are possible rocky worlds bigger than our own, and “mini-Neptunes,” smaller versions of our system’s Neptune. Add to the mix planets orbiting two stars at once and planets stubbornly orbiting the collapsed remnants of dead stars. “It’s not just a number,” said Jessie Christiansen, science lead for the archive and a research scientist with the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute at Caltech in Pasadena. “Each one of them is a new world, a brand-new planet. I get excited about every one because we don’t know anything about them.” We do know this: Our galaxy likely holds hundreds of billions of such planets. The steady drumbeat of discovery began in 1992 with strange new worlds orbiting an even stranger star. It was a type of neutron star known as a pulsar, a rapidly spinning stellar corpse that pulses with millisecond bursts of searing radiation. Measuring slight changes in the timing of the pulses allowed scientists to reveal planets in orbit around the pulsar. Finding just three planets around this spinning star essentially opened the floodgates, said Alexander Wolszczan, the lead author on the paper that, 30 years ago, unveiled the first planets to be confirmed outside our solar system. “If you can find planets around a neutron star, planets have to be basically everywhere,” Wolszczan said. “The planet production process has to be very robust.” Wolszczan, who still searches for exoplanets as a professor at Penn State, says we’re opening an era of discovery that will go beyond simply adding new planets to the list. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), launched in 2018, continues to make new exoplanet discoveries. But soon powerful next-generation telescopes and their highly sensitive instruments, starting with the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope, will capture light from the atmospheres of exoplanets, reading which gases are present to potentially identify tell-tale signs of habitable conditions. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, expected to launch in 2027, will make new exoplanet discoveries using a variety of methods. The ESA (European Space Agency) mission ARIEL, launching in 2029, will observe exoplanet atmospheres; a piece of NASA technology aboard, called CASE, will help zero in on exoplanet clouds and hazes. “To my thinking, it is inevitable that we’ll find some kind of life somewhere – most likely of some primitive kind,” Wolszczan said. The close connection between the chemistry of life on Earth and chemistry found throughout the universe, as well as the detection of widespread organic molecules, suggests detection of life itself is only a matter of time, he added. Music: Flying Dream by Dhruva Aliman - Amazon - https://amzn.to/2B9tGa7 - Apple - https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637- Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet - Bandcamp - https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/road-of-fortunes - http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ #universe #space #discovery

Just a few decades ago, the only planets we were sure that existed were those orbiting our sun, making up our solar system. Astronomers thought it was very likely that there were also planets orbiting other stars, but these were almost impossible to detect because they were so small, relatively speaking, and so far away. But since the first planet outside our solar system (or exoplanet) was discovered in 1992, the number of known exoplanets has exploded into an exciting and active field of research. The count of confirmed exoplanets just ticked past the 5,000 mark, representing a 30-year journey of discovery led by NASA space telescopes. The planetary odometer turned on March 21, with the latest batch of 65 exoplanets – planets outside our immediate solar family – added to the NASA Exoplanet Archive. The archive records exoplanet discoveries that appear in peer-reviewed, scientific papers, and that have been confirmed using multiple detection methods or by analytical techniques. The 5,000-plus planets found so far include small, rocky worlds like Earth, gas giants many times larger than Jupiter, and “hot Jupiters” in scorchingly close orbits around their stars. There are “super-Earths,” which are possible rocky worlds bigger than our own, and “mini-Neptunes,” smaller versions of our system’s Neptune. Add to the mix planets orbiting two stars at once and planets stubbornly orbiting the collapsed remnants of dead stars. “It’s not just a number,” said Jessie Christiansen, science lead for the archive and a research scientist with the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute at Caltech in Pasadena. “Each one of them is a new world, a brand-new planet. I get excited about every one because we don’t know anything about them.” We do know this: Our galaxy likely holds hundreds of billions of such planets. The steady drumbeat of discovery began in 1992 with strange new worlds orbiting an even stranger star. It was a type of neutron star known as a pulsar, a rapidly spinning stellar corpse that pulses with millisecond bursts of searing radiation. Measuring slight changes in the timing of the pulses allowed scientists to reveal planets in orbit around the pulsar. Finding just three planets around this spinning star essentially opened the floodgates, said Alexander Wolszczan, the lead author on the paper that, 30 years ago, unveiled the first planets to be confirmed outside our solar system. “If you can find planets around a neutron star, planets have to be basically everywhere,” Wolszczan said. “The planet production process has to be very robust.” Wolszczan, who still searches for exoplanets as a professor at Penn State, says we’re opening an era of discovery that will go beyond simply adding new planets to the list. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), launched in 2018, continues to make new exoplanet discoveries. But soon powerful next-generation telescopes and their highly sensitive instruments, starting with the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope, will capture light from the atmospheres of exoplanets, reading which gases are present to potentially identify tell-tale signs of habitable conditions. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, expected to launch in 2027, will make new exoplanet discoveries using a variety of methods. The ESA (European Space Agency) mission ARIEL, launching in 2029, will observe exoplanet atmospheres; a piece of NASA technology aboard, called CASE, will help zero in on exoplanet clouds and hazes. “To my thinking, it is inevitable that we’ll find some kind of life somewhere – most likely of some primitive kind,” Wolszczan said. The close connection between the chemistry of life on Earth and chemistry found throughout the universe, as well as the detection of widespread organic molecules, suggests detection of life itself is only a matter of time, he added. Music: Flying Dream by Dhruva Aliman - Amazon - https://amzn.to/2B9tGa7 - Apple - https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dhruva-aliman/363563637- Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/artist/5XiFCr9iBKE6Cupltgnlet - Bandcamp - https://dhruvaaliman.bandcamp.com/album/road-of-fortunes - http://www.dhruvaaliman.com/ #universe #space #discovery

20 U.S. cities DEFUNDED their police department. Guess who runs each city? Democrats! ...Now violent crime is surging across the nation. Looking Back: Democrats Push to Defund the Police - When someone shows you who they are, believe them the first time. - Maya Angelou .....From the White House to the Speaker’s Office, Democrats are scrambling to distance themselves from the slogan they once so proudly championed – ‘Defund the Police.’ This was a rallying cry for progressives throughout the last year, but after losing nearly a dozen seats and seeing the latest polling, Democrats are now claiming it was actually Republicans who wanted to defund the police… no, really. We didn’t think it was serious either. It’s a messaging strategy so distorted and bizarre even the Washington Post gave it 3 Pinocchios. Who knows how long Democrats will try out this new talking point before shame outweighs their desperation, but in an effort to reach across the aisle, RSC wanted to help our colleagues on the Left get back to reality and stop embarrassing themselves. We looked for an example of a Republican official calling for defunding or "reimagining" police, but couldn't find anything. Democrats can't say the same - in fact, here are over two dozen examples of when they have: Take their word for it: The "defund the police" movement, is one of reimagining the current police system to build an entity that does not violate us, while relocating funds to invest in community services. Let’s be clear, the people who now oppose this, have always opposed calls for systematic change. https://t.co/SEh97GS9hg — Ilhan Omar (@IlhanMN) June 9, 2020 The defund movement isn't new. Folks are just finally listening. "We got money for wars but can't feed the poor." #HappyBirthdayTupac #DefundPolice #FundCommunities — Ayanna Pressley (@AyannaPressley) June 16, 2020 I believe we need to protect families who need help, and ICE isn’t doing that. It has become a deportation force. We need to separate immigration issues from criminal justice. We need to abolish ICE, start over and build something that actually works. https://t.co/JtSN68k4Fd — Kirsten Gillibrand (@SenGillibrand) June 29, 2018 Instead of spending $80 billion a year on jails and incarceration, we need to be investing in more jobs and education. One thing is abundantly clear: Every police department violating people's civil rights must be stripped of federal funding. Period. — Bernie Sanders (@BernieSanders) June 4, 2020 When we say #DefundPolice, what we mean is people are dying and we need to invest in people's livelihoods instead. EXAMPLE: Detroit spent $294 million on police last year, and $9 million on health. This is systemic oppression in numbers. pic.twitter.com/oPe0GD3D6p — Rashida Tlaib (@RashidaTlaib) June 4, 2020 Defunding the police is about rebuilding our country in the image of our people — full of humanity, love, and care. Particularly for our kids and schools. https://t.co/vLZGfaidlH — Jamaal Bowman (@JamaalBowmanNY) February 22, 2021 Another unarmed black man, shot in the back, by a WI police officer! No matter the outrage at the killing of George Floyd by a police officer, knee on his neck, the killing of black men continues. Is this a defiance by the police that indicates they don’t intend to stop? — Maxine Waters (@RepMaxineWaters) August 26, 2020 This is the same Sacramento Police Department that murdered #StephonClark. The leadership of the department, and all of these officers, must be fired. Then, the department must be dismantled and policing reimagined.pic.twitter.com/c8dORCjsKG — Mondaire Jones (@MondaireJones) August 30, 2020 For those who think spending more on policing works, look at St. Louis. We spend more per capita on police than 85% of police depts, yet 68% of violent crimes go unsolved. And police kill us at the highest rate in the nation. Police don’t need more money. Our communities do. — Cori Bush (@CoriBush) June 3, 2021 Defunding the police isn’t radical, it’s real. https://t.co/wUcTjxqS3w — Cori Bush (@CoriBush) January 28, 2021 Re-allocate police funding to unarmed traffic forces to remove even the possibility of state-sanctioned manslaughter. https://t.co/AbZ4NcwCC0 — Jamaal Bowman (@JamaalBowmanNY) April 12, 2021 ICE has kept a 7 year old captive & alone for FOUR MONTHS with no parents around. This is cruel and unusual punishment. The Eight Amendment strictly prohibits government from acting this way. THIS is what we need to “shut down until we figure out what’s going on.” Defund ICE. https://t.co/l47AcpudDZ — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC) March 12, 2018 Defund ICE. Fund the USPS. — Rep. Ilhan Omar (@Ilhan) August 15, 2020