Cryptostreets

New observations spotlight the volatile processes that shape star systems like our own, offering a unique glimpse into the primordial stages of planetary formation. Astronomers have captured a snapshot of a giant asteroid collision in Beta Pictoris, revealing insights into early planetary formation. The study, using data from the James Webb and Spitzer Space Telescopes, tracked dust changes around the star. The findings suggest a massive collision 20 years ago, altering our understanding of this young star system’s development.

Moisture-laden tropical air brought intense downpours and flooding to the southern part of Florida, breaking multiple records on June 11 and causing widespread flooding, with continued rain expected. In June 2024, southern Florida experienced unprecedented rainfall due to a plume of moisture from the western Caribbean. This event, which is only expected to occur once every 500 to 1,000 years, resulted in record-breaking daily precipitation on June 11, flash floods, and significant disruptions, including numerous flight delays and cancellations. Rainfall records were shattered in cities like Sarasota, Fort Myers, and Naples, with remote sensing data from IMERG indicating substantial accumulations, which continued to pose risks for further flooding.

A new review presents nutritional guidelines for patients using anti-obesity medications, emphasizing the importance of maintaining diet quality and monitoring to prevent deficiencies, and highlights the need for further research on new treatments. Individuals using anti-obesity medications often find that their appetite decreases, leading to a lower food intake. Consequently, the quality of the diet becomes crucial as it must fulfill nutritional needs with less food consumed. To support this, medical experts have compiled a set of evidence-based dietary guidelines to help clinicians guide patients on anti-obesity medications. These recommendations have been detailed in a review published in Obesity, the flagship journal of The Obesity Society (TOS). “Our evidence-based review aims to equip clinicians with knowledge and tools to help support optimal nutritional and medical outcomes for their patients treated with anti-obesity medications,” said Eli Lilly and Company Executive Director of Global Medical Affairs—Obesity Lisa M. Neff. Neff is the corresponding author of the review paper.

The gene-editing technique employs prime editors along with advanced enzymes known as recombinases. This method has the potential to lead to universal gene therapies that are effective for conditions like cystic fibrosis. Researchers at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard have enhanced a gene-editing technology that can now efficiently insert or replace entire genes in human cell genomes, potentially making it suitable for therapeutic uses. The advance, from the lab of Broad core institute member David Liu, could one day help researchers develop a single gene therapy for diseases such as cystic fibrosis that are caused by one of hundreds or thousands of different mutations in a gene. Using this new approach, they would insert a healthy copy of the gene at its native location in the genome, rather than having to create a different gene therapy to correct each mutation using other gene-editing approaches that make smaller edits.

A new study provides clear evidence that the Earth’s inner core began to decrease its speed around 2010. USC scientists have discovered that the Earth’s inner core is slowing down relative to the planet’s surface, a phenomenon that started around 2010 after decades of the opposite trend. This significant shift was detected through detailed seismic data analysis from earthquakes and nuclear tests. The slowdown is influenced by the dynamics of the surrounding liquid outer core and the gravitational pull from the Earth’s mantle, potentially affecting Earth’s rotation slightly.

Adhering to the Planetary Health Diet significantly reduces the risk of premature death and environmental impact, including lowered rates of major diseases and reduced greenhouse gas emissions and land use. According to a new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, adopting a healthy, sustainable diet, as outlined in the 2019 EAT-Lancet report, can significantly reduce both the risk of premature death and environmental impact. This landmark study is the first to directly assess the effects of following the dietary guidelines proposed in the report, which recommends a diverse intake of minimally processed plant foods while permitting limited amounts of meat and dairy. The researchers refer to this recommended diet as the Planetary Health Diet (PHD).

Scheduled Spacewalk 90 at the International Space Station was postponed due to spacesuit discomfort. Astronauts Tracy C. Dyson and Matthew Dominick halted preparations early. Upcoming spacewalks are set for June 24 and July 2, with the first focusing on hardware removal. The U.S. spacewalk 90 planned for today (June 13) at the International Space Station (ISS) did not proceed as scheduled due to a spacesuit discomfort issue. NASA astronauts Tracy C. Dyson and Matthew Dominick completed taking off their spacesuits about an hour before the crew was anticipated to exit the Quest airlock.

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The research offers new insights into the early evolution of animals. Researchers led by Shuhai Xiao at Virginia Tech have discovered a 550 million-year-old sea sponge fossil, shedding light on a 160 million-year gap in the fossil record. This fossil, which suggests early sponges lacked mineral skeletons, provides new insights into the evolution of one of the earliest animals and influences how paleontologists search for ancient sponges. At first glance, the simple sea sponge is no creature of mystery. No brain. No gut. No problem dating it back 700 million years. Yet convincing sponge fossils only go back about 540 million years, leaving a 160 million-year gap in the fossil record. In a paper released June 5 in the journal Nature, Virginia Tech geobiologist Shuhai Xiao and collaborators reported a 550 million-year-old sea sponge from the “lost years” and proposed that the earliest sea sponges had not yet developed mineral skeletons, offering new parameters to the search for the missing fossils.

A new study reveals that oxide membranes can confine infrared light to a greater extent than traditional methods, promising advancements in imaging resolution and applications in photonics and thermal management. Researchers have successfully shown that a particular type of oxide membranes can effectively confine, or “squeeze,” infrared light. This breakthrough could enhance future infrared imaging technologies. These thin-film membranes outperform traditional bulk crystals in confining infrared light. “The thin-film membranes maintain the desired infrared frequency, but compress the wavelengths, allowing imaging devices to capture images with greater resolution,” says Yin Liu, co-corresponding author of a paper on the work and an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at North Carolina State University.