Cryptostreets

Researchers at QuTech developed somersaulting spin qubits for universal quantum logic. This achievement may enable efficient control of large semiconductor qubit arrays. Over twenty years after Loss and DiVincenzo’s proposal for quantum computation with quantum dots, QuTech researchers have realized these concepts using germanium to facilitate spin control. This approach simplifies the electronics needed for quantum computing, demonstrating effective control over extended quantum dot arrays. Quantum Dot Qubits In 1998, Loss and DiVincenzo published the seminal work ‘quantum computation with quantum dots’. In their original work, hopping of spins was proposed as a basis for qubit logic, but an experimental implementation has remained lacking. After more than 20 years, experiments have caught up with theory. Researchers at QuTech —a collaboration between the TU Delft and TNO— have demonstrated that the original ‘hopping gates’ are indeed possible, with state-of-the-art performance.

New research reveals that tree bark microbes absorb significant amounts of methane, increasing the climate benefit of trees by about 10%. This finding underscores the importance of trees in mitigating climate change and supports tree planting and forest conservation as key strategies in global methane reduction efforts. According to a study published in Nature, tree bark surfaces play an important role in removing methane gas from the atmosphere. While trees have long been known to benefit climate by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, this new research reveals a surprising additional climate benefit. Microbes hidden within tree bark can absorb methane – a powerful greenhouse gas – from the atmosphere. An international team of researchers led by the University of Birmingham has shown for the first time that microbes living in the bark or in the wood itself are removing atmospheric methane on a scale equal to or above that of soil. They calculate that this newly discovered process makes trees 10 percent more beneficial for climate overall than previously thought.

The newly discovered planet, identified by volunteer planet hunters and confirmed by scientists at the Flatiron Institute and their colleagues, has an exceptionally long orbit. This discovery provides valuable insights into planetary formation and stability within multi-star systems. Astronomers and citizen scientists have identified a planet within the habitable zone of a unique star system that comprises two stars and possibly an additional exoplanet. The planet hunters spotted the Neptune-like planet as it crossed in front of its host star, temporarily dimming the star’s light in a way akin to a solar eclipse on Earth. This ‘transit method’ usually identifies planets with tight orbits, as they are more likely to follow paths that put them between Earth and their host star and, when following such paths, move into light-blocking positions more frequently. That’s why this newly discovered planet is considered unusually far out, with the planet taking 272 days to lap its star. Furthermore, the star is now by far the brightest one known to host a transiting planet in the habitable zone where liquid water can exist.

Mayo Clinic researchers have defined new criteria for Limbic-predominant Amnestic Neurodegenerative Syndrome (LANS), a memory-loss condition in older adults that mimics Alzheimer’s but progresses more slowly and has a better prognosis, aiding in more accurate diagnosis and treatment. Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have established new criteria for a memory-loss syndrome in older adults that specifically affects the brain’s limbic system. Often mistaken for Alzheimer’s disease, Limbic-predominant Amnestic Neurodegenerative Syndrome (LANS) progresses more slowly and has a better prognosis. This newly defined syndrome provides clearer guidelines for doctors working to diagnose and treat patients with memory loss. Prior to the researchers developing clinical criteria published in the journal Brain Communications, the hallmarks of the syndrome could be confirmed only by examining brain tissue after a person’s death. The proposed criteria provide a framework for neurologists and other experts to classify the condition in patients living with symptoms, offering a more precise diagnosis and potential treatments. They consider factors such as age, severity of memory impairment, brain scans, and biomarkers indicating the deposits of specific proteins in the brain.

A collaborative study by researchers from the University of Utah Health and Baylor College of Medicine has uncovered the crucial function of the default mode network in creativity using sophisticated brain imaging, highlighting possibilities for future therapeutic interventions. Have you ever had the solution for a tough problem suddenly hit you when you’re thinking about something entirely different? Creative thought is a hallmark of humanity, but it’s an ephemeral, almost paradoxical ability, striking unexpectedly when it’s not sought out. And the neurological source of creativity—what’s going on in our brains when we think outside the box—is similarly elusive.

Graduate student Alex Nguyen calculated the depth and density of the solar system’s most mysterious and remote body of water. New calculations by Alex Nguyen, a graduate student in the Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, are bringing into focus the existence of a vast ocean of liquid water beneath Pluto’s icy surface. In a paper published in the journal Icarus, Nguyen used mathematical models and images from the New Horizons spacecraft that passed by Pluto in 2015 to take a closer look at the ocean that likely covers the planet beneath a thick shell of nitrogen, methane, and water ice. Patrick McGovern of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas, was a co-author of the paper.

Astronomers have observed a unique collision between two galaxy clusters, revealing how dark matter and normal matter separate during such encounters. Using a combination of advanced telescopes and observational techniques, including the SZ effect, researchers tracked the decoupled velocities of dark and normal matter. The study enhances our understanding of the mysterious nature of dark matter and sets the stage for future research. Dark Matter Decoupling in Galaxy Clusters Astronomers have untangled a messy collision between two massive clusters of galaxies in which the clusters’ vast clouds of dark matter have decoupled from the so-called normal matter. The two clusters each contain thousands of galaxies and are located billions of light-years away from Earth. As they plowed through each other, the dark matter—an invisible substance that feels the force of gravity but emits no light—sped ahead of the normal matter. The new observations are the first to directly probe the decoupling of the dark and normal matter velocities.

Research from the University of Adelaide reveals that human-generated noise is hindering baby oysters’ ability to use natural sounds to find habitats, affecting marine conservation efforts. Although acoustic technology helps in quieter areas, its effectiveness is reduced in noisy urban settings. New research from the University of Adelaide indicates that baby oysters, which depend on natural acoustic cues to find suitable environments for settling, are being disrupted by noise pollution from human activities. “The ocean’s natural sound is gradually hushing due to habitat loss, leading to a quieter natural environment increasingly drowned out by the crescendo of man-made noise pollution,” explained lead author Dr Brittany Williams, from the University’s Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories. “Numerous marine larvae rely on natural sounds to navigate and select their dwellings, so this interference poses a problem for conservationists aiming to attract oysters to restored reefs using natural sounds.

Researchers from the University of Melbourne have discovered in Antarctica’s southernmost waters that wind plays a significant role in the formation of massive rogue waves, which are more common than previously thought. An expedition from the University of Melbourne to the waters surrounding Antarctica’s southernmost points has revealed that wind is a key factor in the creation of enormous rogue waves. The study found that these unpredictable waves happen more often than previously believed, offering essential data to enhance future models for predicting rogue waves. A rogue wave is a single swell that is much higher than nearby waves, which can damage ships or coastal infrastructure. Ocean waves are among the most powerful natural forces on Earth, and as global trends suggest ocean winds will blow harder because of climate change, ocean waves could become more powerful. In a study recently published in Physical Review Letters, the research team led by Professor Alessandro Toffoli found that rogue waves emerge from strong wind forces and unpredictable waveform patterns, confirming an idea previously only demonstrated in laboratory experiments.

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