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#Donald Trump, in full Donald John Trump, (born June 14, 1946, New York, New York, U.S.), 45th president of the United States (2017–21). Trump was a real estate developer and businessman who owned, managed, or licensed his name to hotels, casinos, golf courses, resorts, and residential properties in the New York City area and around the world. From the 1980s Trump also lent his name to scores of retail ventures—including branded lines of clothing, cologne, food, and furniture—and to Trump University, which offered seminars in real estate education from 2005 to 2010. In the early 21st century his private conglomerate, the Trump Organization, comprised some 500 companies involved in a wide range of businesses, including hotels and resorts, residential properties, merchandise, and entertainment and television. Trump was the third president in U.S. history (after Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998) to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives and the only president to be impeached twice—once (in 2019) for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress in connection with the Ukraine scandal and once (in 2021) for “incitement of insurrection” in connection with the storming of the United States Capitol by a violent mob of Trump supporters as Congress met in joint session to ceremonially count electoral college votes from the 2020 presidential election. Both of Trump’s impeachments ended in his acquittal by the U.S. Senate. Trump lost the 2020 election to former vice president Joe Biden by 306 electoral votes to 232; he lost the popular vote by more than seven million votes. In March 2023 Trump was indicted by a Manhattan grand jury on state criminal charges related to a hush-money payment made in 2016 to adult-film star Stormy Daniels, who claimed to have had an affair with Trump in 2006 (see below Postpresidential activities). The indictment marked the first time in U.S. history that a former president was charged with a crime. In June 2023 Trump was indicted by a grand jury in Miami on federal criminal charges related to his removal of classified documents from the White House upon leaving office and his retention of them at Mar-a-Lago, his resort and residence in Palm Beach, Florida. The indictment marked the first time in U.S. history that a former president was charged with a federal crime.

#Donald Trump, in full Donald John Trump, (born June 14, 1946, New York, New York, U.S.), 45th president of the United States (2017–21). Trump was a real estate developer and businessman who owned, managed, or licensed his name to hotels, casinos, golf courses, resorts, and residential properties in the New York City area and around the world. From the 1980s Trump also lent his name to scores of retail ventures—including branded lines of clothing, cologne, food, and furniture—and to Trump University, which offered seminars in real estate education from 2005 to 2010. In the early 21st century his private conglomerate, the Trump Organization, comprised some 500 companies involved in a wide range of businesses, including hotels and resorts, residential properties, merchandise, and entertainment and television. Trump was the third president in U.S. history (after Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998) to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives and the only president to be impeached twice—once (in 2019) for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress in connection with the Ukraine scandal and once (in 2021) for “incitement of insurrection” in connection with the storming of the United States Capitol by a violent mob of Trump supporters as Congress met in joint session to ceremonially count electoral college votes from the 2020 presidential election. Both of Trump’s impeachments ended in his acquittal by the U.S. Senate. Trump lost the 2020 election to former vice president Joe Biden by 306 electoral votes to 232; he lost the popular vote by more than seven million votes. In March 2023 Trump was indicted by a Manhattan grand jury on state criminal charges related to a hush-money payment made in 2016 to adult-film star Stormy Daniels, who claimed to have had an affair with Trump in 2006 (see below Postpresidential activities). The indictment marked the first time in U.S. history that a former president was charged with a crime. In June 2023 Trump was indicted by a grand jury in Miami on federal criminal charges related to his removal of classified documents from the White House upon leaving office and his retention of them at Mar-a-Lago, his resort and residence in Palm Beach, Florida. The indictment marked the first time in U.S. history that a former president was charged with a federal crime.

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021. Trump graduated from the Wharton School with a bachelor's degree in 1968. He became president of his father's real-estate business in 1971 and renamed it the Trump Organization. He expanded its operations to building and renovating skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses and later started side ventures, mostly by licensing his name. From 2004 to 2015, he co-produced and hosted the reality television series The Apprentice. He and his businesses have been plaintiff or defendant in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, including six corporate bankruptcies. He won the 2016 presidential election as the Republican nominee against Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton while losing the popular vote.[a] During that campaign, Trump's political positions were described as populist, protectionist, isolationist, and nationalist. He was the first U.S. president with no prior military or government service. His election and policies sparked numerous protests. The 2017–2019 special counsel investigation established that Russia interfered in the 2016 election to favor his campaign. Trump promoted conspiracy theories and made many false and misleading statements during his campaigns and presidency, to a degree unprecedented in American politics. Many of his comments and actions have been characterized as racially charged or racist and many as misogynistic. As president, Trump ordered a travel ban on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, diverted military funding toward building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border, and implemented a policy of family separations for apprehended migrants. He weakened environmental protections, rolling back more than 100 environmental policies and regulations. He signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which cut taxes for individuals and businesses and rescinded the individual health insurance mandate penalty of the Affordable Care Act. He appointed 54 federal appellate judges and three U.S. Supreme Court justices. He initiated a trade war with China and withdrew the U.S. from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Iran nuclear deal. He met with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un three times but made no progress on denuclearization. He reacted slowly to the COVID-19 pandemic, ignored or contradicted many recommendations from health officials, used political pressure to interfere with testing efforts, and spread misinformation about unproven treatments.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. An Indian scientist, Abdul Kalam played a major role in developing the country’s missile and nuclear weapons programmes. He also happened to be the country’s eleventh president and reigned from 2002 to 2007. Education and Early Career Abdul Kalam acquired an aeronautical engineering degree from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1957. After obtaining this degree he went on to join the Defense Research and Development Organisation in 1958. Eleven years later Kalam moved onto greener pastures and joined the Indian Space Research Organisation where he served as the project director of the SLV-III. This was a position worth noting as the SLV-III was the first satellite launch vehicle to be designed as well as produced in India. In 1982 though, Kalam chose to once again work at the DRDO. Here, he laid out the grounds for the programme that was responsible for producing a string of successful missiles. This success led to him being called the “Missile Man” of India. One of these successful missiles was called Agni which was the country’s first ballistic missile of an intermediate range. Launched in 1989, Agni was made keeping in mind certain aspects of the SLV-III. Political Roles Taken on By Kalam The period between 1992 and 1997 saw Abdul Kalam take on the role of scientific advisor to the defense minister of the country. Two years later, Kalam came to serve as the principal scientific advisor to the government and held the position of cabinet minister from 1999 to 2001. Owing to the fact that Kalam played a major role in the nuclear tests India conducted in 1998 that solidified India’s nuclear power, he was hailed a national hero. The same year, Kalam set forth his vision for the country which was titled Technology Vision 2020. This plan was understood to be a road map aimed at transforming the country from one that was less developed to one that would be considerably developed 2 decades down the line. Some of the measures this plan relied upon included greater agricultural productivity, enhancing access levels to education and healthcare, and highlighting the value of employing technology to contribute to economic growth. By 2002, the Hindu nationalistic National Democratic Alliance (or NDA) placed Kalam as the successor to Kocheril Raman Narayanam, the outgoing president. This is interesting given the fact that Kalam was a Muslim. Further, Kalam’s nomination was also proposed by the Indian National Congress, a party that was the NDA’s primary opposition. His popularity led to him winning the election by a landslide. June 2002 saw him take on the role of the country’s eleventh president. His term came to a close in 2007 and he stepped down from his role. Back to Civilian Life Once again a civilian, Kalam remained dedicated to weaving science and technology into the country’s fold such that it could become more developed. He held several lectures at a number of universities and inspired tons of students along the way. On July 27, 2015, he happened to be delivering a lecture at Shillong’s Indian Institute of Management when he collapsed midway. Soon after he was pronounced dead owing to a cardiac arrest he had suffered from earlier that day. His death was mourned by the nation as he had lived a full life and inspired tons of people. His scientific contributions as well his effort to advance India as a country will never be forgotten. Wrapping Up Kalam wrote a number of books including an autobiography titled “Wings of Fire” that was published in 1999 as well as a sequel to “India 2020” that was titled “Ignited Minds.” Each of these books was designed to mobilize the masses to see the appeal of scientific thinking and utilise the same to move forward as a nation. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam’s contributions were so vast that he was awarded with the nation’s highest accolades that included the Padma Vibhushan which he received in 1990 and the Bharat Ratna which was awarded in 1997.

Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (Gujarati: [ʋəlːəbːʰɑi dʒʰəʋeɾbʰɑi pəʈel]; pə-TEL; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar Patel,[a] was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950. He was a barrister and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress, who played a leading role in the country's struggle for independence, guiding its integration into a united, independent nation.[1] In India and elsewhere, he was often called Sardar, meaning "chief" in Hindi, Urdu, Bengali and Persian. He acted as the Home Minister during the political integration of India and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947.[2] Patel was born in Nadiad, Kheda district, and raised in the countryside of the state of Gujarat.[3] He was a successful lawyer. One of Mahatma Gandhi's earliest political lieutenants, he organised peasants from Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the British Raj, becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He was appointed as the 49th President of Indian National Congress, organising the party for elections in 1934 and 1937 while promoting the Quit India Movement. As the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organised relief efforts for partition refugees fleeing to Punjab and Delhi from Pakistan and worked to restore peace. He led the task of forging a united India, successfully integrating into the newly independent nation those British colonial provinces that formed the Dominion of India.[4] Besides those provinces that had been under direct British rule, approximately 565 self-governing princely states had been released from British suzerainty by the Indian Independence Act of 1947. Patel persuaded almost every princely state to accede to India. His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country was total and uncompromising, earning him the sobriquet "Iron Man of India".[5] He is also remembered as the "patron saint of India's civil servants" for having established the modern All India Services system.