Electrical Electronics Applications

In our previous video, we examined how AC is converted to DC step by step through the power supply structure. In this lesson, how is capacitor selection made through this example? How to calculate capacitance? I will try to show how to determine the capacity and voltage value of the capacitor used in an electronics circuit.

In this video, I will show you the basic working principle of traditional chargers or power supplies that we use in daily life. At the end of this video, you will have learned what stages the AC to DC conversion process of power supplies consists of and how it takes place. The stages of converting AC to DC, as here, consist of first reducing the voltage with the help of a transformer, then rectification, filtering and finally regulation. The conversion process I will show here will be based on the example of converting 220V AC to 5V DC, which is used in many countries around the world. Since the conversion process is logically the same, you can make calculations according to the voltage value in your country if you wish. Now let's examine in detail what the shape of the voltage is after each step and what the circuit diagram looks like. If you like our content, support us for better 🤗: ☕ Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications 🚀 Support with Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications

In our previous lesson, we examined Kirchhoff's Voltage Law. In this video, I will explain the Kirchhoff’s Current Law, which is as important as it is for us to analyze electrical circuits and one of the most important issues we need to know. Let's try to learn this law through the circuit here.

In this video, I will explain one of the most important issues that we need to know in order to analyze electrical circuits. Kirchhoff's Laws is one of them. There are two laws, current and voltage. Although it seems very simple, we unfortunately have difficulties in other subjects when we do not learn the basics well. In this video I will explain Kirchhoff Voltage Law. In the next lesson, I will explain the current law. These videos take a long time to make if you would like to buy me a coffee to say thanks, link below: Buy Me a Coffe: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications Paypal: paypal.eea@gmail.com

In our previous lessons, we examined series and parallel connected circuits. In this lesson, I will explain the working principle of combination (series and parallel) circuits. At the end of this lesson, you will learn how to calculate equivalent resistance, current and voltage in series-parallel connected resistors. These videos take a long time to make if you would like to buy me a coffee to say thanks, link below: Buy Me a Coffe: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications Paypal: paypal.eea@gmail.com

In this video, I will show you the basics working principle of parallel circuits in detail. At the end of this video, you will learn how to calculate current and voltage in parallel circuits. Here, I will show the parallel connection types using resistors in a direct current circuit. Components in an electrical circuit can be in series, parallel or mixed connections. In this tutorial I will demonstrate parallel connection. Later, there will be videos where I will explain the mixed connections. When we connect the two pins of the components, we have a parallel connection. In this connection, all resistors have the same voltage. Therefore, the current flowing through them is inversely proportional to the resistance values. A small current flows through a large resistor, and a large current flows through a small resistor.

In this video, I will show you the basics working principle of series-connected circuits in detail. At the end of this lesson, you will have learned how to calculate current and voltage in series-connected circuits. Here, I will show the serial connection types using resistors in a direct current circuit.Components in an electrical circuit can be in series, parallel or mixed connections. In this tutorial I will show the most basic connection, the serial connection. Later, there will be videos where I will explain Parallel and Mixed connections. A serial connection happens when we connect components side by side. There is only one path through which electrons can flow in this connection. Thus, the same current flows through all circuit elements connected in series. Resistance is defined as the difficulty shown against current. A resistor is a circuit element that makes it difficult for electrons to pass. Its unit is Ohm. Resistors are indicated by the letter R in circuit. Each circuit element has a certain resistance.

In this video, I will explain the types and working principles of mechanical switches used in electrical and electronic circuits. A Switch is a simple device that is used to break a circuit and disturb the flow of electrons. A switch can be either closed or open. A closed switch is 'On' and will activate the circuit whereas an open switch is 'Off' and will interrupt or break the circuit. Switches can be either Mechanical or Electronic. A Mechanical Switch is activated with a physical action; pressing, moving or touching its contacts. An Electronic Switch is activated differently and does not need physical contact; instead it is activated by semiconductors such as transistors. This lesson will focus on Mechanical Style Switches. This section we will look at the most common types of Mechanical Switches. These are Toggle Switches, Push Button Switches, Rocker Switches, Rotary Switches, Slide Switches and Microswitches to name a few. #electrical #mechanical #switches

In this video, I will show you how to basically measure resistance, voltage and current with a digital multimeter. These measurements are used in electrical panels and many other places for fault detection. By the end of this lesson, you will have learned how to make these measurements. Digital multimeters are measuring devices that can measure quantities such as voltage, current, and resistance. The measured values are displayed on a digital display and allow easy and direct reading, even by first-time users. Many other measurements can be made with multimeters. Digital multimeters have a function switch. Whichever measurement we are going to make, we need to bring this switch to that function. For example, if we are going to measure current, we bring it to the current function. There are two probes and we plug them into the probe inputs. The black probe is plugged into the common input that says com. The red probe is attached according to which measurement we will make.

At the beginning of the 20th century, when computers began to be produced, they were gigantic. Today, however, there has been the discovery of transistors that make them small enough to take them on our knees and fit them in our palms with phones or tablets. In addition, thanks to transistors, processors that offer much faster operation have been developed. A transistor is an electronic circuit element that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or amplifier for electronic signals. It was invented in 1947 and quickly replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic signal conditioner. It consists of a layer of doped semiconductor materials such as silicon and germanium, each of which can carry a current. The subject of this video is not the structure and history of transistors, but after a small introduction about transistors, we can move on to our main topic. You may know or have heard of transistors such as BJT, MOSFET, JFET, NPN, N-Channel and many more. But you may have trouble distinguishing them. If so, this lesson is for you. At the end of this video, we will basically learn that all three pins circuit elements are not transistors, how transistors are classified and how we can distinguish them. Transistors are classified into two groups, BJT and FET. These expressions come from abbreviations formed from the initials of their English names. BJT comes from the acronym Bipolar Junction Transistor while FET comes from the abbreviation Field Effect Transistor. The task of both transistors is to provide current control or voltage amplification as a switch. If we talk briefly about the differences between them, BJTs control current and current, while FETs control voltage and current. BJTs are quickly affected by temperature, while FETs are less affected by temperature. As such, BJTs degrade quickly, while FETs are more durable and long-lasting. Therefore, BJTs are generally preferred in low-current hobby electronic applications, while FETs are mostly preferred in low-voltage commercial applications. Also, BJTs have a low switching speed, while FETs have a high switching speed.

In this video, I will tell you about the diode types, which are indispensable circuit elements of electronics, which are the most basic and simplest of the semiconductor elements, play a very important role in electronic systems, and are used in many electronic applications, from the simplest to the most complex. As you know, diodes consisting of doped P and N type structures made of semiconductor silicon have an anode and a cathode pins. If the current is flowing from the anode to the cathode, the diode allows the current to flow and prevents it from flowing in the opposite direction. In other words, it is a circuit element that flows current in only one direction. Of course, diodes are not limited to these silicon diodes that we know. There are many types of diodes used in electronics. Let's take a look at the most commonly used ones. 00:00 Introductor 00:50 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 01:36 Laser Diode 02:39 Infrared Light Emitting Diode (IR LED) 03:18 Photodiode 04:45 Schottky Diode 05:45 Bridge Diode 06:19 Zener Diode 07:27 Varicap (Varactor) Diode

A new wireless connection technology called Li-Fi is being developed today, where internet speeds are increasing day by day. So how does this technology work, what advantages does it have and how does it differ from our current facilities? What is Li-Fi that is said to replace Wi-Fi technology in the future? Will Li-Fi technology replace Wi-Fi? In this video, I will explain to answer these questions. Li-Fi is used as an abbreviation of the English words Light Fidelity. The first idea of data transfer with light was Prof. Harald Haas put it forward. If Harald Haas is right, we'll be able to get our internet through light bulbs for years to come. Haas is professor of mobile communications at Edinburgh University. He has had the idea for years that data can be transmitted via LED bulbs and has now created a working model of the Li-Fi system. In his most recent TED talk, he demonstrated one of the Li-Fi prototypes that can transfer video from a solar cell to a laptop via a store-bought LED bulb. Li-Fi technology is the same as Wi-Fi in terms of operation, only a small difference. In order to transmit data wirelessly, Wi-Fi communication is with radio waves, while Li-Fi uses infrared lights emitted by LEDs to transmit data wirelessly instead of using radio waves. Wi-Fi technology is fully networked two-way wireless communication technology. In Li-Fi technology, data transmission happens with light thanks to LED. We can use LED lamps, which we use for lighting purposes in homes, for data transmission for this purpose. So how does this Li-Fi technology work, let's look at it now. In the future, it may lead to the realization of the Internet of Things (IOT) by enabling more than 100 devices to connect to the Internet with a single distributor device with Li-Fi technology. 00:00 What is Li-Fi? 01:41 How is Li-Fi technology work? 04:05 Advantages and disadvantages of Li-Fi

In this video, I will basically explain the working principle of TRIAC. It used in home lighting, dimmer circuits, speed control circuits of fan motors and many power control systems including electronic switches which is one of the power electronic circuit elements. TRIAC is an improved version of the thyristor. While the thyristor can control large currents by operating in a single positive or negative alternator in AC, TRIAC can control large currents in both alternances of the AC waveform. In other words, while Thyristor is mostly used for DC power applications, we can say that TRIAC is more suitable for use in AC power applications. The abbreviation TRIAC comes from the initials of the English words Triode for Alternating Current. It is understood from its English name that this three-pin power electronics circuit element is used in alternating current. These videos take a long time to make if you would like to buy me a coffee to say thanks, link below: Buy Me a Coffe: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications Paypal: paypal.eea@gmail.com

In the previous video, I explaned the AND, OR, and NOT gates. In this lesson, I will explain the NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates. Logic gate ICs should be installed in the middle of the breadboard. Thus, any of the pins can be used separately without short-circuiting. Here you see different types of connections mounted on the breadboard. You can reach the technical documents of all logic gates at alldatasheet.com as in other semiconductor circuit elements. You can access these documents by typing the name of the integrated in the search section. The symbols of the logic gates and basically their working logic are like this. Hope it was helpful and you liked it. Hope to see you in our next lesson. Goodbye. 00:00 Introductor 00:13 NAND Gate 02:03 NOR Gate 03:57 XOR Gate 04:41 XNOR Gate #logic #gates #electronics

In this video, I will explain the working principle of logic gates that form the basis of all electronic devices we use, which we can encounter in many areas in daily life. When we say digital electronics, the first thing that comes to our mind is logic gates. When numerical expressions are mentioned, level 1, level 0, logic circuits or in other words logic gates come to mind. This type of integrated circuit consists of circuits made with basic electronic elements such as transistors, resistors and diodes. Logic gates form the basis of digital systems. Input information is transferred to the output by performing Boolean mathematics operations. Operations are performed on the logical expressions Logic-1 and Logic-0. The reciprocal of 1 logic expression is defined as 5V, and the reciprocal of 0 logic expression is defined as 0V. Now let's look at how to number the pins of the logic gates. When we hold it to read the text on the IC, there is a notch on the left side. The pins are numbered starting from this notch. Logic gate ICs are generally 14 pins. For example, when we look at the internal structure of the 7408 IC, we see that it consists of four AND gates. This logic gate has two inputs and one output. When we go into a little more detail and look inside an AND gate, we see that there is a circuit consisting of two BJT transistors and resistors. There are 7 types of basic logic gate circuits: They are the AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XOR gate, and finally the XNOR gate. These circuits, also known as logic gates, produce appropriate logical results with 1 and 0 data received from the input, namely 5V and 0V, within a certain Boolean Algebra framework. That is why we can say that they are indispensable elements of digital electronic systems. Now, let's examine the symbols, mathematical expressions and truth tables of these logic gates one by one. In order for the video not to be too long and boring, I will explain the AND, OR and NOT gates in this video. In the next video, I will explain other logic gates. 00:00 Introductor 02:29 AND Gate 04:55 OR Gate 06:40 NOT Gate #logic #gates #electronics

In this video, I will explained to you general basic information about Integrated circuits. They are one of the indispensable circuit elements of electronics, in many electronic devices that we use in our daily life. For integrated, the abbreviation IC, which is the initials of the words Integrated Circuit, is used. Also referred to as a chip, or a microchip. It is a group of electronic circuits placed on a metal plate designed with silicon, that is, silicon semiconductor materials. Within the integrated circuits, each electronic circuit element is smaller than the independent discrete circuits. In integrated circuits, it has been shrunk to the extent of containing millions of transistors and electronic circuit elements in the area of a fingernail. The width of each conductor row in a circuit has been reduced as far as technology allows. Integrated devices have a very important place in today's modern electronics industry with their small size, lightness and ease of use.

In this video, I will explain the working principle of transformers, which we can see in many electrical devices that we use in our daily life and in power plants, without going into their types. Transformers are one of the electrical machines that do not have any moving parts, which are used to reduce or increase the voltage and current level of any alternating current without changing its frequency. Transformers from the power sources in our desktop computers, into the chargers of laptops, phones or many electronic devices, from the power supplies that need to reduce the AC and convert it to DC, to transfer stations at the output of power plants in much larger structures, at city entrances and in some neighborhoods. It is possible to see that it is used in many devices and places from voltage reduction and distribution centers. Transformers transfer energy from one circuit to another with the principle of electromagnetic induction. In this way, power is transferred from one circuit to another more efficiently.

In this video, I will explain with which symbols the basic circuit components used in electrical and electronics circuits are shown in the circuit diagram. In this video, you will find pictures and symbols of many circuit elements together. Also, at the end of the lesson, we will look at which circuit components are used by simply examining a circuit diagram. These videos take a long time to make if you would like to buy me a coffee to say thanks, link below: Buy Me a Coffe: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications Paypal: paypal.eea@gmail.com

In this video, I will explain the working principle of the zener diode, which is used for voltage stabilization in electronic circuits. Zener diode is a diode that keeps the voltage applied to its pins constant. When zener diodes are connected to the circuit in the right direction, it works like a normal silicon diode. In other words, they start to flow current after 0.7V. But they are not used that way. They are used in reverse connection to the circuit. When connected in reverse, they do not flow current up to a certain voltage value. This voltage is called break or zener voltage. After the breaking voltage, they start to flow current and the voltage value on them remains constant at the breaking voltage value. In fact, we can say that it is a diode that flows current in both directions. They do the job of a voltage regulator. Their color is usually orange, with a black stripe at the cathode tips. The symbol is like this. Now let's look at some examples to better understand the working principle.

In this video, I will explain to in detail the structure, working principle and places of use of Schottky diode, which we can encounter in communication circuits, power circuits and many other places. At the end of the video, you will have access to a lot of information about this diode. Normal diodes cannot respond to the reversal of the applied voltage at very high frequencies. In other words, they cannot change from a conductive state to an insulating state or from an insulating state to a conductive state. Schottky diodes are produced to be used in computers, RF and rectifier applications that need high switching speed in order to respond to these rapid changes.

In this lesson, I will basically explain the working principle, structure and types of voltage regulators, which is one of the indispensable circuit element of electronics and used on many electronic cards. Voltage regulators have 3 pins. The first pin indicates the input, the second pin indicates the ground, and the third pin indicates the output. The main usage task of voltage regulators; is to convert a certain range of DC voltage at the input to a constant voltage at the output. So let's see how it works now in this video.

Hi guys! In our previous lesson, we examined the characteristics of alternative current, direct current and the differences between them. In this lesson, we will examine the parameters of sinusoidal wave in alternative current such as period, frequency, effective value (RMS), maximum value, peak-to-peak value, alternans, and cycle. There are not many parameters in DC, however, there are many parameters in AC as I said. We will have learned these at the end of this lesson. If the time axis is accepted as a reference in a sinusoidal signal, the portion of the signal above the time axis is called positive (+) alternans, and the portion below is called negative (-) alternans. The waveform formed by one full turn of the generator is called a cycle. In other words, when a cycle occurs, the generator makes a full 360-degrees turn. The time it takes for a cycle to occur is also called a period. The unit of the period is the second and is denoted by the letter "T". The number of repeated cycles of the signal in one second is called frequency. To talk about the frequency of an AC signal, that signal must have a period. In other words, if an AC signal repeats a certain cycle continuously, the frequency of that signal can be mentioned. Frequency is expressed as the mathematical inverse of the period. In this equation, f indicates the frequency of the signal and its unit is Hertz (Hz). E.g; The frequency of AC we use at home in the USA is 60Hz. In other words, 60 cycles of this sinusoidal waveform occur in one second. We can think of it this way. If we light an incandescent lamp with a sinusoidal wave of 60 Hz, this lamp will flash 120 times per second. Because it will take 120 times maximum and zero values. But our eyes cannot detect more than 20 blinks per second. Therefore, we see the lamps as if they are always on. If we shoot a video of it and watch this by slowing down the speed, we can notice it. The value at which the voltage is greatest is called the maximum value. It is denoted by Vm. The maximum value on the negative part of the graph would be –Vm. The amplitude value between the positive and negative maximum values is called the peak-to-peak voltage. The abbreviation Vpp, which is the initials of the words from peak to peak, is used for this. The equivalent of the work done by AC on a receiver to DC is also called effective value (RMS). For example, to obtain the amount of heat supplied by AC to a heater in a certain time interval, the value of DC, applied to the same heater for the same time, is the effective value of AC. The effective value is found by dividing the maximum value by √2. We can explain better the effective value through this example. The time-dependent voltage values of the power supplies are given in the graphics below. On the left, a DC source with a constant voltage of 120V is connected to a heater. On the right, an AC source in the form of a sinusoidal wave with an effective value of 120V is connected to a heater. The energy that both heaters give us will be the same. In other words, we can say that the effective value is the value of the direct current corresponding to the alternative current. As a result, both power supplies do the same job. Let's show these parameters on an instance. If we think according to the city network, that is, according to the electricity we use in the plug sockets at home, what are the values on the graph you see here? The frequency is 60Hz. Then the period will be equal to 1/f, i.e. 1/60, which is equal to about 0.017 seconds, or about 17ms. If we show the period on the graph, the time taken for a cycle to occur was 17ms in the mains. Meaning the rotor of the generator in the power plant completes one full revolution in 17ms. The effective value is 120V. Since the maximum value is √2xVRMS , √2x120 equals to 169V approximately. We can also show its location on the graph. Remember, Vpp is peak to peak value. Therefore, the value between the two peaks will be 338V from 2x169. The basic parameters of alternative current such as frequency, period, effective value, and maximum value used in the city network are as described above. The parameters of AC for the USA are like this, but these values may differ according to the countries. E.g; While 230V is used in European countries instead of 120V for the effective value, also the frequency is 50 Hz frequency instead of 60 Hz. You can calculate these parameters according to the values used by your own country. The parameters of the AC sinusoidal wave are basically like this. I hope it was helpful and you liked it. Hope to see you in the next lesson. Goodbye. These videos take a long time to make if you would like to buy me a coffee to say thanks, link below: Buy Me a Coffe: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications Paypal: paypal.eea@gmail.com

Hi friends! In this video, I’m going to explain in detail the concepts of AC and DC to everyone new to learning electrical-electronic has to know. In this lesson, you will be able to find answers to many of your questions and you will have access to a lot of information about AC and DC concepts at the end of the lesson. First of all, where did the DC and AC concepts come from and discovered by whom? Let's start with that. Thomas Edison, born in 1847, is known as the inventor of the light bulb and the direct current that he used to light the bulb. Direct current is used with the abbreviation “DC” which is the initials of direct current. Nikola Tesla, born in 1856, is known as the inventor of alternating current. Alternating current is also used with the abbreviation AC. Since the two inventors lived in almost the same period, DC/AC superiority struggles took place between Edison and Tesla. And this sweet scientific battle still continues today. The struggle for supremacy between Edison's Direct Current and Tesla's Alternating Current has divided people into two parts. While AC/DC struggles continue, let's look at what DC and AC are. First of all, let’s look at how DC and AC are shown in the circuit. You can see the DC circuit symbols on the left and the AC circuit symbols on the right. AC and DC sources are commonly shown in these figures in circuit diagrams. Well what are DC and AC measurements made with? You can see a multimeter on the left and an oscilloscope on the right. While DC measurements are usually made with a multimeter, oscilloscopes are used in AC measurements where we can see the shape of the signal on the screen. When we measure the voltage value of DC power sources with a multimeter, we see a value whose direction does not change in time. For example, we can show the Voltage-Time graph of a 1.5V battery like this. We can show the Voltage-Time graph of a 9V battery as a constant 9V in this way. Therefore, we can say that DC is a current that does not change direction in time. We discussed the concepts of AC and DC in this lesson and now we have come to the end. I hope it was helpful and you liked it. Hope to see you in the next lesson. Goodbye.

Hello friends! In this lesson, I will explain the structure and working principle of the capacitor without explaining capacitor types. Capacitor is a passive circuit element that is used to store electrical charges for a short time. It is formed by placing an insulating material between two metal materials. It is the indispensable circuit element of electricity and electronics. Today Capacitors are produced in different shapes, sizes, operating voltages and capacities, as you can see here. General purposes of capacitors are the process of storing short-term electricity, filtering in rectifier circuits and compensation. If we talk about the difference between cell and battery and capacitor; we can say that while electrical energy is stored in the cell and battery through chemical reaction, this energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of holding electrons in an electric field. Capacitors are ideal for use when we need to much energy in a short time. In cameras, flash is an example of a capacitor storing the voltage and suddenly delivering it as high voltage. Capacitor circuit is indicated by the letter C. Its unit is Farad. The capacity value is calculated by dividing the load amount by the voltage value. For example; If 1 Volt and 1 Coulomb of charge can be stored, this is equal to 1 Farad. In other words, a capacitor that can store 6.25x1018 (six point twenty five times ten to the power of eighteen) electrons with a voltage of 1 Volt is worth 1 Farad. In the same way, if 1 Volt and 2 Coulomb loads can be stored, this is equal to 2 Farads. Farad unit is an enormous value. In capacitors, smaller values such as Milli, Mikro and Piko are generally used. These videos take a long time to make if you would like to buy me a coffee to say thanks, link below: Buy Me a Coffe: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/eeapplications Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/eapplications Paypal: paypal.eea@gmail.com

Hello friends! In this video, I will explain the structure of the breadboard on which we install the circuits and how to use it to check whether the electronic circuits work or not. Breadboard is used to check whether the circuit works or whether the connections are wrong at the design stage before transferring the electronic circuits to the print circuit. In other words, it is used to make tests on the circuit. It is a useful material to install and test electronic circuits practically, and to connect circuit devices without soldering. Thanks to the breadboard, it is very easy to connect the circuit devices to each other and to the conductors. Since there is no need for soldering, you can easily disassemble and reconnect the circuit devices. The aim here is to check whether the circuit works or whether the connections are wrong at the design stage before transferring the electronic circuits to the print circuit.