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Female Reproductive Cycle | Menstrual Cycle | Hormones 1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Steps and Structures involved in the release of Gonadotropin hormones. 2. Average menstrual cycle days and clinical correlations. 3. Conversion of Primordial follicle to the primary follicle. 4. Detailed overview of Oogenesis. 5. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its role in the maturation of primary follicle to Graafian follicle containing secondary follicle. a) Discussion about the formation and function of zona pellucida. b) Function of granulosa cells and theca cells. 6. Proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. 7. Negative Feedback of Estrogen and concept of the atretic follicle. 8. Estrogen positive feedback. 9. LH surge and its influence on Graafian follicle. 10. Rupture of Graafian follicle and release of ovum containing corona radiata. 11. Formation of corpus luteum (Luteinization) and release of progesterone hormone. 12. Effects of progesterone on the uterine wall /Secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. 13. Degeneration of corpus luteum leading to menstrual phase. 14. Beginning of a new reproductive cycle. 15. Fertilization of ovum and its implantation to the uterine wall. 16. Release of Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone and its effect on corpus luteum. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

Insulin Function Types | Synthesis , Secretion & Regulation | Diabetes 1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin and processed to proinsulin. Proinsulin is then converted to insulin and C-peptide and stored in secretary granules awaiting release on demand. Insulin synthesis is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational level. The major purpose of insulin is to regulate the body's energy supply by balancing micronutrient levels during the fed state [30]. Insulin is critical for transporting intracellular glucose to insulin-dependent cells/tissues, such as liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

Why sign up for premium membership? Here's why! Membership Features for premium website members. 1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Complement system-Innate system 0:00 Mechanism of Action 8:10 Antigen X Antibody Reaction 11:30 Complement Protein-C1 Activation 14:50 C1 C4 Helper T cells 18:40 C1 C4B C2B 20:40 C4B C2B C3B Complex 23:10 C3B CONVERTASE 28:10 C6 C7 C8 C9 34:10 GRAM-POSITIVE VS GRAM-NEGATIVE 42:40 MACROPHAGES / NEUTROPHILS Action 46:10 Opsonin's C3B IgG 50:00 Opsonization Process 1:00:40 Endotoxins’ Action On Protein LPS 1:11:00 Alternate Pathway-Mannan 1:14:00 Lectin Pathway 1:22:00 Mast Cell Response 1:28:00 Anaphylatoxin 1:35:00 B Cell Activation 1:37:24 REVIEW The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. It is part of the innate immune system, which is not adaptable and does not change during an individual's lifetime. The complement system can, however, be recruited and brought into action by antibodies generated by the adaptive immune system. The complement system consists of a number of small proteins that are synthesized by the liver, and circulate in the blood as inactive precursors. When stimulated by one of several triggers, proteases in the system cleave specific proteins to release cytokines and initiate an amplifying cascade of further cleavages. The end result of this complement activation or complement fixation cascade is stimulation of phagocytes to clear foreign and damaged material, inflammation to attract additional phagocytes, and activation of the cell-killing membrane attack complex. Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, and cell membrane receptors. They account for about 10% of the globulin fraction of blood serum. The innate immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the adaptive immune system). The innate immune system is an older evolutionary defense strategy, relatively speaking, and is the dominant immune system response found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, dubbed systole. After emptying, the heart immediately relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood returning from the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting to pump blood to the lungs and those systems. A normally performing heart must be fully expanded before it can efficiently pump again. Assuming a healthy heart and a typical rate of 70 to 75 beats per minute, each cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, takes about 0.8 seconds to complete the cycle.[2] There are two atrial and two ventricle chambers of the heart; they are paired as the left heart and the right heart—that is, the left atrium with the left ventricle, the right atrium with the right ventricle—and they work in concert to repeat the cardiac cycle continuously, (see cycle diagram at right margin). At the start of the cycle, during ventricular diastole–early, the heart relaxes and expands while receiving blood into both ventricles through both atria; then, near the end of ventricular diastole–late, the two atria begin to contract (atrial systole), and each atrium pumps blood into the ventricle below it.[3] During ventricular systole the ventricles are contracting and vigorously pulsing (or ejecting) two separated blood supplies from the heart—one to the lungs and one to all other body organs and systems—while the two atria are relaxed (atrial diastole). This precise coordination ensures that blood is efficiently collected and circulated throughout the body.[4] 00:42 Cardiac cycle definition 1:26 Events in left side of heart 1:26 Left atrium contraction 7:55 Ventricular contraction 10:44 First heart sound 12:53 Isovolumetric contraction 18:30 Rapid ventricular ejection 25:30 Slow ventricular ejection phase 29:34 Isovolumetric relaxation 34:50 Rapid passive ventricle filling phase 39:00 Slow passive ventricle filling/Diastases 42:00 Active atrial contraction 42:30 Durations of Systole and diastole 45:04 Heart sounds in different phases of cardiac cycle 51:46 Cardiac cycle in graphical fashion 51:46 Atrial contraction 54:00 Onset of ventricular contraction/S1 56:52 Rapid ejection phase 58:14 Slow ejection of ventricle 59:46 Isovolumetric relaxation/S2 01:01:17 Rapid passive ventricular filling and beginning of next cycle 01:04:19 Heart sounds in reference to Systole and diastole 01:07:02 Graphic representation of volume 01:08:19 Brief discussion on ECG

EKG Interpretation - Master Fundamentals of ECG - Electrocardiography

Endocrinology | Oxytocin | The Love Hormone | Dr Najeeb Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during labour. It is also available in pharmaceutical form. In either form, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to speed up the process of childbirth. In its natural form, it also plays a role in bonding with the baby and milk production. Production and secretion of oxytocin is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, where its initial release stimulates production and release of further oxytocin. For example, when oxytocin is released during a contraction of the uterus at the start of childbirth, this stimulates production and release of more oxytocin and an increase in the intensity and frequency of contractions. This process compounds in intensity and frequency and continues until the triggering activity ceases. A similar process takes place during lactation and during sexual activity. Oxytocin is derived by enzymatic splitting from the peptide precursor encoded by the human OXT gene. The deduced structure of the active nonapeptide is:

pH and Acid-Base Balance - Biochemistry Why sign up for premium membership? Here's why! Membership Features for premium website members. 1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries.

Why sign up for premium membership? Here's why! Membership Features for premium website members. 1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adrenergic Agonists are drugs that lead to stimulation of the adrenergic receptors. In doing so, adrenergic agonists generally simulate activation of certain aspects of the sympathetic nervous system and are thus also known as "sympathomimetics". Mechanisms of Action Overview A diverse variety of sympathomimetics exist which operate using distinct mechanisms. In general, these compounds are divided into direct-acting, indirect-acting, or mixed-acting agonists depending on whether they directly activate adrenergic receptors or do so by indirect mechanisms Direct-acting Agonists Direct agonists physically bind the adrenergic receptor and simulate binding of an endogenous ligand. These compounds can be highly specific, activating only certain subtypes of receptors, or can be rather promiscuous. Indirect-acting Agonists Indirect agonists do not physically bind adrenergic receptors. Instead, these compounds indirectly lead to receptor activation through a variety of possible mechanisms which include promoting release of endogenously-stored norepinephrine from presynaptic terminals as well as inhibition of norepinephrine re-uptake and degradation from the synapse. Mixed-acting Agonists Mixed agonists simply refer to those compounds which display both direct and indirect mechanisms of actions. As such, these compounds directly bind adrenergic receptors but also promote the indirect mechanisms described above.

Adrenergic Drugs Part 2 - Pharmacology - Dr Najeeb Why sign up for premium membership? Here's why! Membership Features for premium website members. 1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Adrenergic Agonists are drugs that lead to stimulation of the adrenergic receptors. In doing so, adrenergic agonists generally simulate activation of certain aspects of the sympathetic nervous system and are thus also known as "sympathomimetics". Mechanisms of Action Overview A diverse variety of sympathomimetics exist which operate using distinct mechanisms. In general, these compounds are divided into direct-acting, indirect-acting, or mixed-acting agonists depending on whether they directly activate adrenergic receptors or do so by indirect mechanisms Direct-acting Agonists Direct agonists physically bind the adrenergic receptor and simulate binding of an endogenous ligand. These compounds can be highly specific, activating only certain subtypes of receptors, or can be rather promiscuous. Indirect-acting Agonists Indirect agonists do not physically bind adrenergic receptors. Instead, these compounds indirectly lead to receptor activation through a variety of possible mechanisms which include promoting release of endogenously-stored norepinephrine from presynaptic terminals as well as inhibition of norepinephrine re-uptake and degradation from the synapse. Mixed-acting Agonists Mixed agonists simply refer to those compounds which display both direct and indirect mechanisms of actions. As such, these compounds directly bind adrenergic receptors but also promote the indirect mechanisms described above. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Antipsychotics are a type of psychiatric medication which are available on prescription to treat psychosis. They are licensed to treat certain types of mental health problem whose symptoms include psychotic experiences. This includes: schizophrenia. During a psychotic episode, the person may experience delusions, hallucinations or thought disturbances. Antipsychotic medications work to minimize or stop these symptoms. There are many different types of antipsychotic mediations. These works in different ways. People who begin taking antipsychotic mediations are usually closely monitored by their doctor for the first few weeks. The doctor will be checking for signs of improvement as well as side effects. A person usually begins to feel some improvement within six weeks of starting to take antipsychotic medication. However, it can take several months before they feel the full benefits. It is not possible to predict which medication will work best for a specific person. You might need to try a few before you find the right one for you. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

1. More than 800+ Medical Lectures. 2. Basic Medical Sciences & Clinical Medicine. 3. Mobile-friendly interface with android and iOS apps. 4. English subtitles and new videos every week. 5. Download option for offline video playback. 6. Fanatic customer support and that's 24/7. 7. Fast video playback option to learn faster. 8. Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine. The microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. It processes the blood supplied to it via filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion; the consequence of those processes is the production of urine. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A lumbar puncture may be indicated for both diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. The lumbar puncture may aid in the diagnosis of certain diseases that range from infectious (encephalitis, meningitis), inflammatory (multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome), and oncologic to metabolic processes. It may also aid in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. A lumbar puncture may also be indicated for the intrathecal administration of certain medications such as analgesics, chemotherapeutic agents, and antibiotics --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

Trusted by over 2M+ students in 190 countries. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Excess fluid in body tissues may be intracellular or extracellular. In defining Edema, if we take out the intracellular, we are still left with "extravascular" & "intravascular". Intravascular fluid such as blood plasma will not be included in edema. Therefore, we can define Edema as: Excess fluid in the body tissues that is present in the Extravascular space. A normal amount of fluid in a 72kg person would be around 42 liters, and it will be divided among the different body compartments like Intra- & Extracellular. 60% of Total Body Weight is simply water while the remaining 40% can be called Lean Body Mass. If we want to divide Total Body Water (TBW), we can say: 2/3rd of TBW is Intracellular while 1/3rd is Extracellular. Extracellular is further divided into Intravascular & Extravascular. Intravascular is blood plasma. Point to be noted here is that RBCs, platelets & other blood cells have fluid in them and their fluid is classified as Intracellular since it is present within the cells. Blood plasma on the other hand is not only Intravascular but also, by definition Extracellular. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Join this channel to get access to perks:

Intro to Neuroanatomy - Neurophysiology - Neuroscience - Central Nervous System

Anatomy of The Human Eye Ball - Structure & Function - Iris - Cornea & Sclera. #medical #doctors #students @drnajeebkhalid

Drugs used in Parkinson's Disease - Alzheimer's Disease - Pharmacology -

Anatomy of The Human Eye Ball - Structure & Function - Iris - Cornea & Sclera

Types Of Jaundice _ Symptoms & Treatment _ Bilirubin Metabolism - @drNajeebkhalid #medical #human #health #life #doctors