Science and Space

The Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories, as well as more than 100 countries. Wikipedia Opened: 21 October 2008 Location: Near Geneva, Switzerland; across the border of France and Switzerland. Mostly in France Circumference: 26,659 metres; (16.565 miles) Coordinates: 46°14′06″N 06°02′42″E / 46.23500°N 6.04500°E Dates of operation: 2010 – present Maximum energy: 6.8 TeV per beam (13.6 TeV collision energy) Maximum luminosity: 1×1034/(cm2⋅s)

A Bishop Ring is a type of hypothetical rotating space habitat originally proposed in 1997 by Forrest Bishop of the Institute of Atomic-Scale Engineering. The concept is a smaller scale version of the Banks Orbital, which itself is a smaller version of the Niven ring.

In mathematics, the Klein bottle (/ˈklaɪn/) is an example of a non-orientable surface; that is, informally, a one-sided surface which, if traveled upon, could be followed back to the point of origin while flipping the traveler upside down. More formally, the Klein bottle is a two-dimensional manifold on which one cannot define a normal vector at each point that varies continuously over the whole manifold. Other related non-orientable surfaces include the Möbius strip and the real projective plane. While a Möbius strip is a surface with boundary, a Klein bottle has no boundary. For comparison, a sphere is an orientable surface with no boundary.