Science and Space

Just about 100 years ago, we didn't know what the surface of Mars and Venus looked like. Today, we've evolved as a technologically advanced species, and there's no longer a need to make guesses. We can not only observe a planet's atmosphere but even tell what the celestial bodies in our solar system are made of. So is it true there are oceans of liquid hydrogen on Jupiter? Does it really rain diamonds on Neptune? And are those rings around Saturn really a 1-mile [1.5 kilometers] thick? Stay tuned because you are about to find out about this and more!

Will it be possible to live in Mars? Can a human breathe on Mars? Can we survive on Jupiter? Which planet can humans live on? While Mars' day and general composition are similar to Earth, the planet is hostile to life. Mars has an unbreathable atmosphere, thin enough that its temperature on average fluctuates between −70 and 0 °C (−94 and 32 °F), yet thick enough to cause planet-wide dust storms.

These Paradoxes Keep Scientists Awake At Night! No Solutions!

Scientists Are Worried! Something Wrong Is Happening on Jupiter.... The physics of Jupiter are hard for even space scientists to imagine. Jupiter is made up of 90 percent hydrogen, which exists in the outer layers as gas (just like on Earth). Deeper inside the planet, however, the hydrogen is under so much pressure that the electrons are squeezed out, creating a fluid that conducts electricity like a metal, according to a 2011 NASA feature story. This process creates a huge magnetic field within the planet, which is also strengthened by Jupiter's rapid rotation. Auroras shine brighter on Jupiter than anywhere else in the solar system. At the core of Jupiter, however, the composition is anyone's guess. No one is sure how far the liquid hydrogen layer penetrates and if the core has heavier elements inside. Juno aims to figure out more about Jupiter's insides by examining the planet's atmosphere, gravity and magnetic field. Its work suggests that Jupiter may have a "fuzzy" core, "much larger than anyone had anticipated," Bolden said in a 2018 press conference. ance 3. Core 4. Storm depth 5. Interior rotation 6. Magnetic field Aurora 8. Life 9. Jupiter's effect on moons 10. Gas giant evolution References All hail the king of planets and its many mysteries. Advertisement Jupiter is the most massive planet in our solar system and it's easy enough to spot with the naked eye. While big telescopes can get a good look at the gas giant planet, bringing a spacecraft within reach provides a close-up view. Numerous spacecraft orbited or flew by Jupiter in the past five decades. The first were Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 in 1972 and 1973, respectively, followed by twin flybys by Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 in 1977. Other prominent missions include the Galileo spacecraft (orbiting between 1995 and 2003) and most recently, NASA's Juno (2011-2022). Sponsored Links These Investment Property USA May Be Easier to Get Than People Think Property investment USA | Search Ads Based on a past interview with Juno principal investigator Scott Bolton and information from the European Space Agency (ESA), here are 10 mysteries we have about Jupiter that may be solved with more study. Luckily, two more missions will head out that way very soon: NASA's Europa Clipper that launches no earlier than 2024, and ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) scheduled to lift off in 2023 or so. In Photos: Juno's amazing views of Jupiter Advertisement HOW DID JUPITER GET ENRICHED IN HEAVY ELEMENTS, COMPARED WITH THE SUN? several hurricane shaped storms in the upper atmosphere of jupiter Powerful storms around the north pole of Jupiter captured by NASA's Juno mission. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS Image processing by Brian Swift ) Jupiter is 317 times more massive than the Earth, making it a real heavyweight in the solar system. It is believed that the planets in the solar system formed from the same hydrogen-helium cloud from which the sun was created. But here's the catch: The Galileo probe, which looked at Jupiter in the 1990s and 2000s, found a different abundance of heavy elements in Jupiter than in the sun. One theory (proposed at the time by Galileo scientists) is that Jupiter's heavy elements come from the numerous comets, asteroids and other small bodies that it has pulled in and "consumed" when they get too close. But scientists aren't quite sure. Alternatively, a newer study based on Juno data suggests Jupiter may have formed four times farther away from the sun than the gas giant's orbit, which may explain the strange abundance. Related: This jaw-dropping Jupiter photo is a photographer's sharpest ever and made of 600,000 images 2. WHAT IS THE GLOBAL ABUNDANCE OF WATER IN JUPITER? jupiter with a set of pixellated data showing water abundance on top The distribution of water in Jupiter's stratosphere as seen by the Herschel Space Telescope. (Image credit: Water map: ESA/Herschel/T. Cavalié et al.; Jupiter image: NASA/ESA/Reta Beebe (New Mexico State University)) Water is key to understanding how Jupiter was formed. Water ice hitchhiking on early comets or asteroids brought heavier elements to Jupiter besides the original hydrogen and helium floating around in the solar system, according to the Southwest Research Institute A surprising recent finding is just how persistent water can be after a comet crashes into Jupiter. A famous comet called Shoemaker-Levy 9 broke up into pieces before peppering the planet in July 1994. About 20 years later, the Herschel Space Observatory detected an abundance of water in Jupiter's stratosphere that came from Shoemaker-Levy 9 (which was clear because most of the water vapor was around the impact sites). At least one Juno study found a surprising amount of water in Jupiter compared to what models suggested. Water may make up about 0.25% of the atmospheric molecules over Jupiter's equator, much higher than previous measurements from Galileo. Figuring out why the two spacecraft have different estimates is key to better determine the recipe for planet formation, NASA officials said at the time. In photos: 10 extraordinary ocean worlds in our solar system 3. WHAT IS THE NATURE OF JUPITER'S CORE? jupiter half in shadow, half of planet visible This view of Jupiter’s south pole was created using data from NASA’s Juno spacecraft. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/Gabriel Fiset) The physics of Jupiter are hard for even space scientists to imagine. Jupiter is made up of 90 percent hydrogen, which exists in the outer layers as gas (just like on Earth). Deeper inside the planet, however, the hydrogen is under so much pressure that the electrons are squeezed out, creating a fluid that conducts electricity like a metal, according to a 2011 NASA feature story. This process creates a huge magnetic field within the planet, which is also strengthened by Jupiter's rapid rotation. Auroras shine brighter on Jupiter than anywhere else in the solar system. At the core of Jupiter, however, the composition is anyone's guess. No one is sure how far the liquid hydrogen layer penetrates and if the core has heavier elements inside. Juno aims to figure out more about Jupiter's insides by examining the planet's atmosphere, gravity and magnetic field. Its work suggests that Jupiter may have a "fuzzy" core, "much larger than anyone had anticipated," Bolden said in a 2018 press conference. Related: What is Jupiter made of? 4. HOW DEEP DO THE ZONES, BELTS AND STORM FEATURES, SUCH AS THE RED SPOT, GO? a close-up of the great red spot inside a chart showing latitude and longitude A flake of red peels away from Jupiter’s Great Red Spot during an encounter with a smaller anticyclone, as seen by the Juno spacecraft’s high resolution JunoCam on 12 February 2019. Although the collisions appear violent, planetary scientists believe they are mostly surface effects. (Image credit: AGU/Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets) Images of Jupiter show thick stripes and swirling storms, but most of these pictures capture only the tops of the clouds that cover the giant planet. It's unclear what the weather is like deeper down, inside Jupiter, and whether the features that can be seen on the surface are present below. Juno observations suggest that is indeed the case, and that the bands, storms and other surface weather we can see may persist for thousands of miles (or kilometers) into the massive gas giant planet, and is going deeper than what the spacecraft is capable of seeing. Understanding the long-term weather on Jupiter will also help scientists solve mysteries such as why its Great Red Spot is shrinking. This storm feature has been known to astronomers ever since telescopes were first available in the early 1600s. Once estimated as large enough to fit three Earths across its width, the storm is now no bigger than Earth's diameter. When you look at the exterior of Jupiter, you can see that the zones and bands don't move in concert with each other. There are changes in their rotation and sizes from night to night, changes that are even apparent in amateur telescopes. Deeper down in Jupiter's atmosphere, what is happening is even less understood. To date, planetary probes have mostly been looking at the surface of the giant planet. Juno's work suggests that the interior may in fact move as a "nearly rigid body", according to NASA, which is opposite to how one would expect gases to behave. Figuring out the transition between the surface, fluid weather into this zone will be a task for Juno in its final years, as the interior of Jupiter may be indicative of the structure at Saturn and other gas giants.

Scientists Discovered 24 Planets Even Better for Life Than Earth 🌎 !.. Using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, scientists have identified an Earth-size world, called TOI 700 e, orbiting within the habitable zone of its star – the range of distances where liquid water could occur on a planet's surface. The world is 95% Earth's size and likely rocky.

Planet Earth has existed for around 4.5 billion years, much longer than humans have been around and it's not always looked the way it does now. The Earth is dynamic, and constantly changing and its landmasses shifting and colliding over millions of years... and have so far left us with the 7 continents we see today. You might think that the planet is done evolving, but the continents are still moving around the planet, just as fast or maybe even faster than predicted. In fact, huge cracks have opened in the Earth's crust overnight before our very eyes, and even the formation of a new ocean is happening right this moment. This is what it's like living on a geologically active planet...

About the size of Pluto, Earth's inner core is made of solid iron and helps power the magnetic field that protects life from harmful space radiation. The inner core is a hot, dense ball of (mostly) iron. It has a radius of about 1,220 kilometers (758 miles). Temperature in the inner core is about 5,200° Celsius (9,392° Fahrenheit). The pressure is nearly 3.6 million atmosphere (atm).

🤯The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the lack of conclusive evidence of advanced extraterrestrial life and the apparently high likelihood of its existence. As a 2015 article put it, "If life is so easy, someone from somewhere must have come calling by now.

Antarctica is a chilly landscape of ice and snow, and Mars is commonly known as “the Red Planet.” However, during a 1911 expedition to Antarctica, researchers discovered a “bleeding” glacier they dubbed “Blood Falls.” The mystery of its blood-red appearance would remain unsolved — until now. What mystery is in Antarctica? What did they see in Antarctica? Why can't you see Antarctica on Google Earth? What are 5 interesting facts about Antarctica Is there land under the Antarctic? Is something living under Antarctica? What is really under the ice in Antarctica? Is there a river under Antarctica ice?

Can Aliens see us ? They know about us ? Where are they ?

Quantum entanglement is a bizarre, counterintuitive phenomenon that explains how two subatomic particles can be intimately linked to each other even if separated by billions of light-years of space. Despite their vast separation, a change induced in one will affect the other. You tube : https://youtube.com/@Buntai.t18?si=Wk5MAFoNhU0Pf3_M

There are many theories and stories about parallel universes, but this video contains the true science behind them... multiverse, a hypothetical collection of potentially diverse observable universes, each of which would comprise everything that is experimentally accessible by a connected community of observers. The observable known universe, which is accessible to telescopes, is about 90 billion light-years across.

What year will immortality be possible? Is immortality possible by 2050? Why immortality will never happen? Will we be immortal by 2045? The idea of singularity is the moment AI exceeds beyond human control and rapidly transforms society. Predicting this timing is tricky, to say the least. But Kurzweil says one crucial step on the way to a potential 2045 singularity is the concept of immortality, possibly reached as soon as 2030.

What does black matter do? L What is black matter made of? < What is black matter called? < What is dark matter and why is it important? Unlike normal matter, dark matter does not interact with the electromagnetic force. This means it does not absorb, reflect or emit light, making it extremely hard to spot. In fact, researchers have been able to infer the existence of dark matter only from the gravitational effect it seems to have on visible matter.

Follow for more videos like this #buntai18 NASA Discovers A New Unbelievably Big Black Hole. Size Comparison 2021 There's hardly anything more bizarre in space than black holes. They are invisible and always hungry space phenomena. Some of them come in unimaginably large sizes. In fact, black holes can eat up so much matter that they keep growing nearly infinitely. So how are black holes different from what we imagine? What's the largest one that we've ever discovered and how much bigger can they grow? #Destiny #Unbelievably #BlackHole #Space #Planet

#Follow Bantai18.for more mind-blowing Videos A wormhole is a hypothetical structure connecting disparate points in spacetime, and is based on a special solution of the Einstein field equations. A wormhole can be visualized as a tunnel with two ends at separate points in spacetime.

Albert Einstein is considered to be one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. His contributions to physics, such as the special and general theory of relativity, continue to exert influence today. But his list of achievements extends beyond just relativity and physics.

Site logo ASTEROIDS, COMETS & METEORS 'Oumuamua Small object against a background of stars. This very deep combined image shows the interstellar object ‘Oumuamua at the center of the image. It is surrounded by the trails of faint stars that are smeared as the telescopes tracked the moving comet. Credit: ESO/K. Meech et al. Discovery The first known interstellar object to visit our solar system, 1I/2017 U1 ‘Oumuamua, was discovered Oct. 19, 2017 by the University of Hawaii’s Pan-STARRS1 telescope, funded by NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations (NEOO) Program, which finds and tracks asteroids and comets in Earth’s neighborhood. While originally classified as a comet, observations revealed no signs of cometary activity after it slingshotted past the Sun on Sept. 9, 2017 at a blistering speed of 196,000 miles per hour (87.3 kilometers per second). It was briefly classified as an asteroid until new measurements found it was accelerating slightly, a sign it behaves more like a comet. Artist's concept of cigar-shaped space rock. Artist's concept of interstellar object1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua) as it passed through the solar system after its discovery in October 2017. The aspect ratio of up to 10:1 is unlike that of any object seen in our own solar system. Image Credit: European Southern Observatory / M. Kornmesser Overview The first confirmed object from another star to visit our solar system, this interstellar interloper appears to be a rocky, cigar-shaped object with a somewhat reddish hue. The object, named ‘Oumuamua by its discoverers, is up to one-quarter mile (400 meters) long and highly-elongated—perhaps 10 times as long as it is wide. That aspect ratio is greater than that of any asteroid or comet observed in our solar system to date. While its elongated shape is quite surprising, and unlike objects seen in our solar system, it may provide new clues into how other solar systems formed. The observations suggest this unusual object had been wandering through the Milky Way, unattached to any star system, for hundreds of millions of years before its chance encounter with our star system. “For decades we’ve theorized that such interstellar objects are out there, and now―for the first time―we have direct evidence they exist,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington, in November 2017. Animated view of interstellar object's orbit. Immediately after its discovery, telescopes around the world, including ESO’s Very Large Telescope in Chile, were called into action to measure the object’s orbit, brightness and color. Urgency for viewing from ground-based telescopes was vital to get the best data. Combining the images from the FORS instrument on the ESO telescope using four different filters with those of other large telescopes, a team of astronomers led by Karen Meech of the Institute for Astronomy in Hawaii found that ‘Oumuamua varies in brightness by a factor of 10 as it spins on its axis every 7.3 hours. No known asteroid or comet from our solar system varies so widely in brightness, with such a large ratio between length and width. The most elongated objects we have seen to date are no more than three times longer than they are wide. “This unusually big variation in brightness means that the object is highly elongated: about ten times as long as it is wide, with a complex, convoluted shape,” said Meech. “We also found that it had a reddish color, similar to objects in the outer solar system, and confirmed that it is completely inert, without the faintest hint of dust around it.” These properties suggest that ‘Oumuamua is dense, composed of rock and possibly metals, has no water or ice, and that its surface was reddened due to the effects of irradiation from cosmic rays over hundreds of millions of years. A few large ground-based telescopes continued to track the fading object as it receded from our planet. Two of NASA’s space telescopes (Hubble and Spitzer) tracked the object traveling about 85,700 miles per hour (38.3 kilometers per second) relative to the Sun. Its outbound path is about 20 degrees above the plane of planets that orbit the Sun. The object passed Mars’s orbit around Nov. 1 and will pass Jupiter’s orbit in May of 2018. It will travel beyond Saturn’s orbit in January 2019; as it leaves our solar system, ‘Oumuamua will head for the constellation Pegasus. Preliminary orbital calculations suggest that the object came from the approximate direction of the bright star Vega, in the northern constellation of Lyra. However, it took so long for the interstellar object to make the journey―even at the speed of about 59,000 miles per hour (26.4 kilometers per second)―that Vega was not near that position when the ‘Oumuamua was there about 300,000 years ago. Astronomers estimate that an interstellar object similar to ‘Oumuamua passes through the inner solar system about once per year, but they are faint and hard to spot and have been missed until now. It is only recently that survey telescopes, such as Pan-STARRS1, are powerful enough to have a chance to discover them. “What a fascinating discovery this is!” said Paul Chodas, manager of the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. “It’s a strange visitor from a faraway star system, shaped like nothing we’ve ever seen in our own solar system neighborhood.”

Thinking about life on Mars? Check out Labroots infographic outlining a potential future on the red planet. https://www.labroots.com/trending/space/20454/potential-life-mars -Why is NASA looking for life on Mars? NASA will also look for life on Mars by searching for telltale markers, or biosignatures, of current and past life. The element carbon, for instance, is a fundamental building block of life. Knowing where carbon is present and in what form would tell us a lot about where life might have developed.

WHY WE ARE GOING TO THE MOON We’re going back to the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for a new generation of explorers: the Artemis Generation. While maintaining American leadership in exploration, we will build a global alliance and explore deep space for the benefit of all. With Artemis missions, NASA will land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon, using innovative technologies to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before. We will collaborate with commercial and international partners and establish the first long-term presence on the Moon. Then, we will use what we learn on and around the Moon to take the next giant leap: sending the first astronauts to Mars.

The universe is all of space and time[a] and their contents,[10] including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy. The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological description of the development of the universe. According to this theory, space and time emerged together 13.787±0.020 billion years ago,[11] and the universe has been expanding ever since the Big Bang. While the spatial size of the entire universe is unknown,[3] it is possible to measure the size of the observable universe, which is approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter at the present day. Universe What is this universe? What are the 3 types of universe? What is universe in 50 words? Can we explain the universe?