Crecganford

Within many Indo-European and Near Eastern Mythologies there are stories of conflict, many of which, on the surface, feel like they are related. Could this mean that they are, that there was a huge war of the gods between pantheons now lost in time to more modern stories? This is what I'm going to discuss today, looking at a number of these conflicts from Ireland and Scandinavia, to India and Iraq. Podcast Link ► Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2er1a7QH0QOiMS4ei8cXF4?si=0e3815149d124b1b Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY) References: Graves, Robert. The Greek Myths Lambert. Babylonian Creation Myths Larrington, Carolyne. The Poetic Edda Livy, A History of Rome MacCulloch, John. Celtic Mythology Puhvel, Jaan. Comparative Mythology God. Bible.

Many Indo-European cultures had Near Eastern influence within their mythology and pantheons. Here I look to point out some of the key overlaps that should persuade us that many Indo-Europeans have influence from non-Indo-European sources. Podcast Link ► Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1gIs2tQG62zmvXAqib8eZC?si=ae365a3de734433f Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY) References: ► Witzel, Michael. The Origins of the World's Mythologies. ►The Fifth Tablet of the Enuma Elis, by Landsberger and Kinnier Wilson, from the Journal of Near Eastern Studies (July 1961) ►Puhvel, Jaan. Comparative Mythology.

Podcast Link ► Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4q2PoYYpryVs9LrumtMJZH?si=a318ee15e01a4d90 Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY) References: ►Genesis: JPS Torah Commentary ►For other references please see the specific video I have made on these subjects below ►IE Bible https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKPMeIojJVk ►Near East Creation Myth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyQEgaGKwsk ►Paradise Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xkKrIX7JqY ►Death and Immortality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4Kyv2xxatY ►The Creation of the King https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEd1xZF9gSQ ►Divine Twins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0houS-1PD_M ►Romulus and Remus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvpiGxqyA2o ►Flood myth video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MsAlR_Ltsc ►Oldest Creation Myth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nZmEro_ODqc

Join us on a journey through the fascinating creation myths of the Near East. From Sumer to Greece, we'll explore the diverse ways in which ancient cultures imagined the origins of the universe and the emergence of life. Along the way, we'll encounter gods and goddesses, epic battles, and cosmic cataclysms, as well as striking parallels and divergences between different traditions. Through a comparative analysis of texts, iconography, and archaeological evidence, we'll gain new insights into the rich and complex worldviews of the ancient Near East and their enduring impact on human culture. Whether you're a mythology enthusiast, a history buff, or simply curious about the mysteries of the cosmos, you won't want to miss this exciting adventure into the depths of the human imagination. Podcast Link ► Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2gmWx45JZLvzqCX7XO1TU9?si=69c27fb059194d36 Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY) References: ► Map: Expansion of farming in western Eurasia, 9600 - 4000 cal BC (update vers. 2021.2) ►The Fifth Tablet of the Enuma Elis, by Landsberger and Kinnier Wilson, from the Journal of Near Eastern Studies (July 1961) ►Puhvel, Jaan. Comparative Mythology. Chapters ================== 0:00 Introduction 2:45 Why is there a supreme god? 5:23 The Babylonian Creation Myth 7:37 The Creation Myth of Dunnu 8:59 The Hittite Creation Myth 12:29 What do these Creation Myths tell us? 15:13 Greek Creation Myth (Hesiod) 18:51 The Common Enemy 23:08 Greek/Phoenician Creation Myth 26:30 Iranian Book of Kings and conclusion

#booktube #asmr Bookshelf or Bookshelves or Library Tour, call it what you may, it is something that many of you have asked to see. And so here it is, and feel free to ask questions about it in the comments and I'll do my best to answer them. Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY)

There are many myths about drawing and statues that come alive, most often representing a beautiful woman. Here I look at such myths and trace them back to what is probably a Paleolithic origin. Podcast Link ► Spotify: (Coming soon) Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY) References: ► El-Bokhari (1991). The authentic Muslim tradition: choice of hadith. Trad. G. ► H. Bousquet, Paris: Sindbad (“The Library of Islam. Texts. ”) 291 pp ► Frobenius Leo (1998). Kabyle stories collected by Leo Frobenius, Volume IV: Other Fabulous Tales. Trad. Mr Fetta. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 238 p. ► Frobenius Leo (1997). Kabyle stories collected by Leo Fro- Benius, volume III: The Fabulous. Trad. Mr Fetta. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 222 p. ► Frobenius Leo (1996). Kabyle stories collected by Leo Fro-Benius, Volume II: The Monstrous. trad. Mr Fetta. Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 350 p. ► d'Huy, Julien (2011). Le mythe Ovidien de Pygmalion trouverait l’une de ses origines dans la Berbérie préhistorique ► d'Huy, Julien (2011). Le récit du "Chasseur adroit": un mythe kabyle à remonter le temps ? ► Ringgenberg, Patrick (2006). Persian painting, or the heavenly vision. Paris: The Two Oceans, 241 p. ► Rodrigue, Alain (1999). L'art rupestre du Haut Atlas marocain. Paris: L'Harmattan ► Hachid Malika 2000. Les premiers Berberes : entre Mediterranee, Tassili et Nil. Alger : Inas-Yas – Edisud, 316 p. ► Voisin Andre Roger 2007. Contes et Legendes des Nomades du Sahara. Paris : L’Harmattan ("La Legende des Mondes"), 121 p.

Venus is one of the oldest and most beloved deities of all time. From her earliest beginnings rising from the communities of Neolithic Farmers, to her evolution into the Greek goddess Aphrodite, and her eventual worship as the Roman goddess Venus, this video will take you on a journey through time and across cultures. Podcast Link ► Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/53wSQkkXedDFGx3VyqQ6hq?si=0c8cc0f4392d462e Social Media: ► Twitter: https://twitter.com/crecganford ► Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/crecganford ► Facebook Fan Page: https://facebook.com/crecganford Patreon: ► Join the Patreon: » https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Contact: ► Send Mail to: » hello@crecganford.com ► Business enquires: » biz@crecganford.com (Business Inquiries ONLY) References: Black, Jeremy and Green, Anthony. 1992. Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. British Museum Press. Puhvel, Jaan. 1989. Comparative Mythology. John Hopkins University Press.

One of the questions I get asked more than most is "What books do I recommend some one reads who wants to learn Indo-European mythology?" Well the answer isn't easy, as there are many books, and so here I present a list of some of them, ones to start reading, or to start your own library of books. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early and without adverts, and have access to the mythology database, along with other insights then please become a *Patreon* here: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford The book list includes; Prose Edda. Translation by Faulkes. Everyman. 1995 The Upsala Edda. Translation: Faulkes. Viking Society for Northern Research. 2012 Poetic Edda. Carolyne Larrington. Oxford World Classics. 2014 A Handbook to Eddic Poetry. Larrington, Quinn, and Schorn. Cambridge University Press. 2016 Poetic Edda. Hollander. University of Texas. 2010 Poetic Edda. Crawford. Hackett Publishing. 2015 The Odyssey. Homer. Penguin Clothbound Classics. 2009 The Illiad. Homer. Penguin Clothbound Classics. 2014 Metaomorphoses. Ovid. Penguin Clothbound Classics. 2014 Rig Veda. Translation, Ralph Griffith. Create Space Independent Publishing Platform. 2017 The Rig Veda (3 Volumes Set). Jamison and Brereton. OUP. 2014 The Zend-avesta. James Darmesteter. Andesite Press. 2015 History of Zoroastrianism. Mary Boyce. Brill. 1996 The Tain. Translation Cairon Carson. Penguin. 2008 Mabinogion. Sioned Davies. Oxford World Classics. 2008 Beowulf. Translations by: Shamus Heaney, Howell Chickering, or Liuzza Beowulf and its Analogues. G.N.Garmonsway. Little Hampton Book Services Ltd. 1968 The Kalavela. Elias Lonnrot (Trans. Bosley). Oxford World’s Classics. 2008 Jaan Puhvel, Comparative Mythology, John Hopkins University Press, 1989 Benjamin Forston IV, Indo European Language and Culture, Blackwell Publishing, 2009 J.P.Mallory and Adams, The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World, Oxford Linguistics, 2006 David Anthony. The Horse, The Wheel and Language. Princeton University Press. 2010 Calvert Watkins, How to Kill a Dragon, Oxford University Press, 2001 Bruce Lincoln. Death, War and Sacrifice. University of Chicago Press, 1986 Bruce Lincoln., Myth, Cosmos, and Society, Indo-European Themes of Creation and Destruction. Harvard University Press. 1986 Larson, Litteton, and Puhvel. Myth in Indo-European Antiquity. University of California Press. 1974. Csapo. Theories of Mythology. Blackwell Publishing. 1995 Pettazzoni. Essays on the History of Religion. 1954 Edith Hamilton. Mythology. Brand Central. 2011

Cats have captured the imaginations of people for thousands of years, and have established themselves as a very important animal in human culture. But why are they not as well known in mythology as they are in folklore? In this video, we will delve into the rise of the cat in mythology and explore some of the myths and tales surrounding these mysterious creatures. From Viking Scandinavia to ancient Egypt, and into modern day Japan, cats have a rich history in folklore. But to understand the full story, we must first understand how cats became domesticated, especially considering that humans have spent a majority of the last 100,000 years avoiding them as natural predators. Join us as we uncover the fascinating history of cats, from their domestication around 15,000 years ago, to their current role in human culture. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early and without adverts, and have access to the mythology database, along with other insights then please become a *Patreon* here: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford *References:* ============ Herodutos 2.66-67 Lucquin et al. 2018. The impact of environmental change on the use of early pottery by East Asian hunter-gatherers Vigne JD, Guilaine J, Debue K, Haye L, Gérard P. Early taming of the cat in Cyprus. Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):259. doi: 10.1126/science.1095335. PMID: 15073370. de Vries, Ad (1976). Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-7204-8021-3. Westendorf, W. (1970). "Beiträge aus und zu den medizinischen Texten". Zeitschrift für Agyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde. 96: 145–151. doi:10.1524/zaes.1970.96.jg.145. ISSN 0044-216X. PMID 11633620. S2CID 201809267. Wilkinson, T. A. H. (1999). Early Dynastic Egypt. Routledge. pp. 249–251. (stealer pic) Bergsträsser. 1915. Neuaramäische Märchen und andere Texte aus Malula (“Neo-Aramaic fairy tales and other texts from Malula“)

Dogs have been used in funeral rites across Indo-European culture, and these rituals explain many things, such as why dogs are in the Wild Hunt and with Death Gods, but it also explains why our ancestors believed dogs took our "souls" into the other world. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early and without adverts, and have access to the mythology database, along with other insights then please become a *Patreon* here: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford References ========= Modi, J.J. 1922. The Religious Ceremonies of the Parsees. Bombay Scholz, Herbert. 1937. Der Hund in der Griechisch-Römischen magie und Religion. Diss. Berlin. Meissner, R. 1921. Die Kenningar der Skalden. Rhein. Beitr. Zur germ. Philolgie und Volkskunde I Meyer, C. H. 1931. Fontes historiae religionis Slavicae. Berlin Roscher, Wilh. Heinr. 1896. Das von der ,,Kynanthropie" handelnde Fragment des Marcellus von Side. Abh. der Sachs. Ges. der. Wissensch. XVII. Leipzig

To find the oldest myths, first you must know what you're looking for, then find the best way to find to find it. This is an introduction into Mythology, and the methods used to find older myths and ways we can reconstruct them. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early and without adverts, and have access to the mythology database, along with other insights then please become a *Patreon* here: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Jackson Crawford's videos can be found below, and are worth watching; On the "Universal" Myth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbS4ck6uhZQ Dream Logic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1PiDR_H6-s These are two papers from other academics that will help define a myth; Bascom, William. 1965. The Forms of Folklore - Prose Narratives. The Journal of American Folklore. Vol.78 Scott Littleton, C. 1965. A two-dimensional scheme for classification of narratives. The Journal of American Folklore. Vol.78 Chapters ======= 0:00 Introduction 0:42 The Myth Quiz 1:19 Defining Myth 4:25 Religion vs Myth 5:55 The Myth Quiz Answers 8:31 Bascom and Scott Littelton's definitions of myth 10:18 The "Universal" Myth 14:24 Method and Research in Tracing Myths 16:22 Genetics and Phylogentics in Mythological research 20:47 Examples of Tracing Myths 22:30 Further considerations

Did Atlantis really exist? There are many people who investigate the myth of Atlantis, hoping it is real, and Graham Hancock is one of those who believes it could be. But I feel he isn't telling you a complete picture and so in this video I fill in the pieces he misses, so as to let you really understand the truth behind the Atlantis. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early and without adverts, and have access to the mythology database, along with other insights then please become a Patreon* here: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Stephan Milo has made an video supporting archaeological academia here, which provides strong arguments against much of what Hancock persists in saying. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwTkDkSbO-4 Here is the article about the archaeologist from Malta... https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/maltese-archaeologists-push-back-netflix-show-s-temple-claims.995910

Were the pyramids built by Aliens or a civilization with advanced technology, which some "journalists" would have you believe. Or if you have been watching Graham Hancock's Netflix series you may have questions. And so here I present the academic truth about the pyramids, mastabas, and irrigation. All which evolved from early stone working. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early and without adverts, and have access to the mythology database, along with other insights then please become a Patreon* here: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford

What have cyclops, Lord of the Rings, and dwarf elephants have in common? Here I look into the oldest myth of Polyphemus, the most well known cyclops in Greek mythology, and undercover some unusual influences and its origin. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early, and other insights then please become a *Patreon:* https://www.patreon.com/crecganford *References:* Abry C., ≪ Omer m’a tuer… ou moi-meme en personne ≫, in : A. Hurst et F. Letoublon [ed.], La Mythologie et l’Odyssee : hommage a Gabriel Germain. Actes du colloque international de Grenoble 20-22 mai 1999, Geneve, Droz, 2002, pp.57-65. Glenn Justin (1978). ≪The Polyphemus Myth : Its origin and interpretation. ≫ Greece 1 Rome, vol. 25, no 2 : 141-155 Hackman, O. 1904. Die Polyphemsage in der Volksiiberlieferung. Helsinki, pp.3-5 d'Huy, Julien, 2013. Polyphemus (Aa. Th. 1137). A phylogenetic reconstruction of a prehistoric tale. - Nouvelle Mythologie Comparée / New Comparative Mythology, 1: 3-18. Chapters ============================= 0:00 Introduction 2:19 Story of Polyphemus and Odysseus 8:59 Method, Analysis, and Conclusion

Within the original cultures of Australia, a story is told, called Dreamtime, reflecting the world at the time of colonization of the continent and it uses the constellations of Orion and Pleiades to tell it's story of hunters chasing women. The same story is told in Greece, and so believe the story to have the same source due to overlapping information. In this video I'll explore these myths, the similarities, but also potential problems in the early source hypothesis. The result is that these stories are very old, but are they as old as we think they are? *If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early, and other insights then please become a Patreon here:* https://www.patreon.com/crecganford *References:* Allen, R. H. 1899, “Star names and their Meanings New York, Leipzig: G.E. Stechert Andrews, Munya. 2018, The Seven Sisters of the Pleaides. Spinfex Avilin, T., 1998, The Pleiades in the Belarusian tradition: folklore texts and linguistic areal studies, Folklore, 72, 141-158 Burnham Jr., R., 1978, Burnham’s Celestial Handbook: An Observer’s Guide to the Universe Beyond the Solar System, New York: Dover Publications. Dempsey, F. 2009, Aboriginal Sky Lore of the Pleiades Star Group in North America, JRASC, 103, 233 Hertzog, K. P. 1987, Ancient Stellar Anomalies, QJRAS, 28, 27 Krupp, E. 1994, Echoes of the Ancient Skies, Mineola, NY: Dover Publications Kyselka, W. 1993, On the rising of the Pleiades, Hawaiian J. History, 27, 174 Massola, A., 1968, Bunjil’s Cave, Melbourne: Lansdowne Press Mountford, C.P. 1939, An Anyamatana Legend of the Pleiades, Victorian Naturalist, 56, 103 Mountford, C.P. 1976, Nomads of the Australian Desert, Adelaide: Rigby Sparavigna, A. 2008, arXiv:0810.1592 Norris, R. P., & Norris, C. M. 2009, Emu Dreaming: An Introduction to Australian Aboriginal Astronomy, Sydney:Emu Dreaming

Pope Gregory XVIII of the Palmarian Christian Church wasn't the best pope we've had #shorts #historyfacts #history

There is a secret to immortality, and the oldest stories of death are some of the oldest stories we know. They can tell us how our ancestors thought of the moment their loved ones life ended. This is a look at some of the myths from this time, and what they meant, and the result is an interesting finding about immortality, alongside an unusual view of Adam and Eve. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early, and other insights then please become a *Patreon:* https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Thumbnail by Sangued of Deviant Art References: Denise Paulmer, the Two Themes in the Or in Gin of Heath in West Africa. 'No, New Series, Vol. 2, No. 1, Tue. 1967. T rad. Éva Gosselin, Jean·Michel Doul, etc. Cerdova-Rios and F. manual Bruce-Lamb, WizardsoftheUpper Amazon, Atheneum, NY, 1971. Trad. Eva Gosselin, Jean-Michel Doulet LeQuellec, Jean-Loïc. 2017. Les myths d'origne de al mort d'Huy, Julien. 2020. Mort ou est ta victoire. Reconstruction statistique des premieres croyances de l'humanite sur la mort

#shorts #history #historyfacts History is complicated...

Did you know St Anne, the mother of Mary, Jesus' mother, and so Jesus' Grandmother, had seven heads.... #shorts #crecganford #historyfacts

You may think you know a lot about witches, but much of what is published is based on fairy tales, here we take a look at what witches really were, why they were persecuted, and will reveal how you can know if you're a witch. This is the first in a number of videos I expect to produce on this subject, as it is huge and covers so many cultures and ages, and so this is a very focused discussion of the European Middle Ages. I hope you enjoy! We talk about witch hunts, wiccan, and all things witchery, in this introduction to witch craft. If you wish to support Crecganford then please consider signing up to *Patreon* where you can find research notes, additional videos, research tips, and early access to videos: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford References include: Briggs, Robin. 1996. Witches and Neighbors: The Social and Cultural Context of European Witchcraft Callow, John. 2022. The Last Witches of England Cawthorne, Nigel. 2019. Witches, A History of Persecution Hutton, Ronald. 2022. Queens of the Wild, Pagan Goddesses in Christian Europe Malleus Maleficarum Catholic Education Resource Centre Arne-Thompson-Uther Index Berezkin's Database Chapters ============================ 0:00 Introduction 1:24 Which witch? 2:35 The Rise and Demise of the Witch 4:19 What is a witch? 5:12 Hammer of the Witches 6:54 Are you a witch? 7:41 Regino of Prums Canon Episcopi 10:53 In collusion with the devil 11:29 Pagan spells 12:48 Witches in the bible 14:00 Witches outside Abrahamic texts 15:25 Mythological trends of witches 16:37 It wasn't about being a Pagan 18:57 The Elite and the Commoners 20:23 The Fairy Tales make sense 21:19 The tragedy of it all 22:58 Asking the Pope to apologise 23:23 The church plays god 23:59 What really is a witch?

#shorts #popeisnotcatholic

#shorts #history #facts #historical What do you get if you cross a Pope, a Church, a bad decision, and black cats...

#shorts #crecganford #historyfacts #history Captain Dick Dudley sells a Merkin to the Pope!

Halloween or Samhain? Why witches, pumpkins and spooky things? Are we really celebrating what our ancestors did, or has it all become a lot of commercial nonsense. Here I look at what Samhain was, and what Halloween is, and the differences are, well... just watch the video. We touch on All Saints Day, All Souls Day, and All Hallows Eve, to find out the actual day we shoud be celebrating something. If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early, and other insights then please become a Patreon:* https://www.patreon.com/crecganford Thumbnail Artist is Shelly Wan *References* “The Boyhood Deeds of Fion” https://www.ancienttexts.org/library/celtic/ctexts/f02.html Matryology of Oengus the Culdee, https://archive.org/details/martyrologyofoen29oenguoft/page/232/mode/2up Cunliffe, Barry. the Ancient Celts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, pp. 208 ff; Dorson, Richard M., ed. Peasant Customs and Savage Myths: Selections from the British Folklorists. Vol. II. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968, p. 29; Evans-Wentz, W. Y. The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, Humanities Press, 1911, pp. 99 ff; Julius Caesar. Conquest of Gaul, VI.18. Translator. W. A. McDevitte. Translator. W. S. Bohn. 1st Edition. New York. Harper & Brothers. 1869. Harper's New Classical Library MacCulloch, J. A. The Religion of the Ancient Celts. London: Constable, 1911, p. 66, 166; Ross, Anne. Folklore of the Scottish Highlands. London: B. T. Batsford, Ltd., 1976, p. 40. Chapters ====================== 0:00 Introduction 1:26 The Role of the Catholic Church 3:19 What was Samhain 4:34 All Saints Day 5:15 A Church conspiracy theory? 7:07 Days and Nights 10:46 What does history say? 14:10 Old rituals 15:30 Portals to the Otherworld 16:22 Other beliefs 17:19 Halloween has changed 18:31 What have we lost? 19:15 When was Samhain? 20:25 More rituals lost forever

Within a number of caves in southern France skeletons have been found, surrounded by art work, that suggest these skeletons were let here by humans, and for a particular purpose. For here we may have evidence of the oldest dragon ritual in Europe, depicting a dragon slaying myth. We'll discuss the findings at montespan cave, the tuc d'audoubert bison and the tuc d'audoubert snake, and mythology of the Paleolithic period. And we can see if mythology unleashed a ritual. *If you want to support my research and see behind the scenes work, watch my videos early, and other insights then please become a Patreon*: https://www.patreon.com/crecganford *References* Fotenrose. Python: A Study of Delphic Myth and its Origins, 1959. p436-446 Fritz, Carole. Bégouën, Robert. 2009. Le sanctuaire secret des bisons. Il y a 14 000 ans dans la caverne du Tuc d’Audoubert. Somogy. d'Huy, Julien. 2016. Première reconstruction statistique d’un rituel paléolithique : autour du motif du dragon Leroi-Gourhan, André. 1965. Prehistoire de l‘art occidental, Paris, Mazenod Marshack, Alexander. 1972. The Roots of Civilization : the cognitive beginning of Man’s first art, symbol and notation, New York, McGraw-Hill. Chapters ========== 0:00 Introduction 0:47 First evidence of a ritual 1:39 The cave of Les Tuc d’Audoubert 2:13 The cave of Montespan 2:33 What were snakes doing there? 4:16 Hypothesizing that this was a Ritual 4:48 Not just a coincidence 6:50 Mythology guides Ritual 8:56 Paleolithic Mythology 11:24 The interpreting headless snake 14:54 And so ritual follows the Myth 15:40 Two Paleolithic European Mythological reconstructions 17:37 An Upper Paleolithic Proto Narrative from South West Asia 18:40 An Upper Paleolithic Proto Narrative from Europe 19:30 The ritual is mythology acted out 20:38 Looking at the archaeological evidence 22:23 The findings at Madeleine Cave 23:45 The Myth drawn on a Bone 26:06 Warrior Horses 28:23 And so is this an Upper Paleolithic Myth? 30:10 And so is this a 17,000 Year Old Dagon Ritual?