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NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover is filling sample tubes with rocky material on the Red Planet as the agency works on the next steps to get them safely back to Earth. The Mars Sample Return campaign would bring samples collected by the Perseverance rover to Earth for detailed study. The campaign involves an international interplanetary relay team, including the European Space Agency (ESA). These samples could answer a key question: did life ever exist on Mars? Aaron Yazzie, who works on the Mars Sample Return campaign, explains the work being done at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to ensure the safe return of the sample tubes.

Un nuevo cargamento de ciencia se dirige a la Estación Espacial Internacional a bordo de la nave Dragon de SpaceX en la 15ª misión de la compañía para los servicios de reabastecimiento comercial. La cápsula entregará investigaciones que estudian el uso de la inteligencia artificial, el manejo de agua para plantas en todo el mundo, la salud intestinal en el espacio, el desarrollo más eficiente de fármacos y la formación de estructuras inorgánicas sin la influencia de la gravedad de la Tierra. La Estación Espacial Internacional es una mescla de ciencia, tecnología e innovación humana que da a ver nuevas tecnologías y permite realizar investigaciones que no son posibles en la Tierra. La Estación Espacial a sido habitada continuamente desde noviembre del año 2000. En ese tiempo, mas de 230 personas y una variedad de vehículos espaciales internacionales y comerciales han visitado el laboratorio en orbita. La Estación es la plataforma de lanzamiento para el próximo gran salto de exploración de la NASA, incluyendo futuras misiones humanas hacia la Luna y eventualmente a Marte.

The International Space Station is your orbiting laboratory, and the science being conducted there will help us push farther into deep space, while providing benefits back on Earth. Microgravity unlocks new worlds of discovery. See what we’re learning:

How NASA Will Protect Astronauts From Space Radiation August 1972, as NASA scientist Ian Richardson remembers it, was hot. In Surrey, England, where he grew up, the fields were brown and dry, and people tried to stay out of the Sun, indoors and televisions on. But for several days that month, his TV picture kept breaking up. “Do not adjust your set,” he recalls the BBC announcing. “Heat isn’t causing the interference. It’s sunspots.” The same sunspots that disrupted the television signals led to enormous solar flares — powerful bursts of radiation from the Sun — Aug. 4-7 that year. Between the Apollo 16 and 17 missions, the solar eruptions were a near miss for lunar explorers. Had they been in orbit or on the Moon’s surface, they would have sustained dangerous levels of solar radiation sparked by the eruptions. Today, the Apollo-era flares serve as a reminder of the threat of radiation exposure for technology and astronauts in space. Understanding and predicting solar eruptions is crucial for safe space exploration. Almost 50 years since those 1972 storms, the data, technology and resources available to NASA have improved, enabling advancements towards space weather forecasts and astronaut protection — key to NASA’s Artemis program to return astronauts to the Moon. Music credits: “Boreal Moment” by Benoit Scarwell [SACEM]; “Sensory Questioning”, “Natural Time Cycles”, “Emerging Designer”, and “Experimental Design” by Laurent Dury [SACEM]; “Superluminal” by Lee Groves [PRS], Peter George Marett [PRS] from Killer Tracks Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/how-nasa-protects-astronauts-from-space-radiation-at-moon-mars-solar-cosmic-rays This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13275 If you liked this video, subscribe to the NASA Goddard YouTube channel: http://www.youtube.com/NASAExplorer Follow NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center · Instagram http://www.instagram.com/nasagoddard · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard · Twitter http://twitter.com/NASAGoddardPix · Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NASA.GSFC · Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc Nasa National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Official: Brian Dunbar No Fear Act FOIA Privacy Accessibility Office of Inspector General Office of Special Counsel Agency Financial Reports Contact NASA

NASA and the Canadian Space Agency have coordinated to open Phase 2 of the Deep Space Food Challenge, targeted at developing novel food production system technologies for long-duration deep space missions. The challenge incentivizes the public to develop novel food system solutions for long duration space missions. Step into the kitchen with celebrity chef Alton Brown to learn more. For more information, go to:

The Webb Telescope's journey to space continues in this video. After arriving at Seal Beach, California, Webb, inside of the protective transport container, was loaded into the MN Colibri. This process took several steps to accomplish. Once the telescope was loaded inside the cargo hold, the MN Colibri set sail for the port near the launch site in Kourou, French Guiana

Engineers on the ground will remotely orchestrate a complex sequence of deployments in the hours and days immediately after the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. This animation shows the nominal sequence for these deployments. Music Credit: Universal Production Music "Connecting Ideas Instrumental" Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Michael McClare (KBRwyle): Lead Producer Aaron E. Lepsch (ADNET): Technical Support Adriana Manrique Gutierrez (KBRwyle): Lead Animator Download video:

This is the continuation of the James Webb Space Telescope’s journey to space! The telescope safely arrived in French Guiana and was unloaded from the MN Colibri, the ship that transported it from California. Next, it was driven a short distance to the Guiana Space Center. Watch the whole Journey to Space series of

Ahead of our launch, we asked you to show us what you believe the James Webb Space Telescope will reveal through art. Here are just some of submissions we received for our #UnfoldTheUniverse art challenge! Special thanks to all of our participants. We are continuing to extend our challenge! With our first images coming July 12, 2022, we want to see how they inspired you! Keep sending in your art! More details:

The James Webb Space Telescope is nearing completion of the first phase of the months-long process of aligning the observatory’s primary mirror using the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument. The team's challenge was twofold: confirm that NIRCam was ready to collect light from celestial objects, and then identify starlight from the same star in each of the 18 primary mirror segments. The result is an image mosaic of 18 randomly organized dots of starlight, the product of Webb's unaligned mirror segments all reflecting light from the same star back at Webb's secondary mirror and into NIRCam's detectors. What looks like a simple image of blurry starlight now becomes the foundation to align and focus the telescope in order for Webb to deliver unprecedented views of the universe this summer. Over the next month or so, the team will gradually adjust the mirror segments until the 18 images become a single star. Music credit: Universal Production Music -Transitions Instrumental by Cotton Niblett Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Michael McClare

Two weeks after launch, the James Webb Space Telescope completed the last of its 50 major deployments in space. Relive the historic moment Webb unfolded its primary mirror in space – a major milestone — from mission control at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. Credits: NASA's Goddard Spaceflight Center Haley Reed: Lead Producer, Lead Editor Michael McClare: Producer Katy Mersmann: Producer Sophia Roberts: Producer Michael Starobin: Producer Music credit: "Victory and Power" by Le Fat Club and Olivier Grim [SACEM] by Universal Music Production

Are you ready to #UnfoldTheUniverse? Listen to Carl Sagan narrate the trailer for our upcoming broadcast of the James Webb Space Telescope’s first full-color images and data. Watch each of the images get revealed one by one on the broadcast, starting at 10:30 am ET (14:30 UTC) on July 12, 2022. Catch the show on any of NASA’s streaming platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Twitch and DailyMotion. Images will also be made available on all of our social media platforms,

An overview of the instruments onboard the Webb Telescope: the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec), Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), and the Fine Guidance Sensor/Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph. Learn how each instrument will help Webb unfold the universe. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Michael McClare (KBRwyle): Lead Producer Michael Starobin (KBRwyle): Producer Sophia Roberts (AIMM): Producer Jonathan North (KBRwyle): Animator Adriana Manrique Gutierrez (KBRwyle): Animator Chris Meaney (KBRwyle): Animator Michael McClare (KBRwyle): Lead Videographer Michael McClare (KBRwyle): Lead Editor Rich Melnick (KBRwyle): Editor Sophia Roberts (AIMM): Lead Host Sophia Roberts (AIMM): Lead Narrator

Experience the first full-color images and data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in a brand new way. NASA’s Webb Telescope uncovered two views of the Southern Ring Nebula, one in near-infrared light and one in mid-infrared light. The colors in the images were mapped to pitches of sound — frequencies of light converted directly to frequencies of sound — in a data sonification. This video only includes sounds from the mid-infrared view. Mid-infrared light is represented by lower notes overall to reflect that mid-infrared includes longer wavelengths of light. There are two stars in the center of this planetary nebula. Listeners will hear a low note just before a higher note, which denotes that two stars were detected in mid-infrared light. The lower note represents the redder star that created this nebula, and the second is the star that appears brighter and larger. Sonifications support blind and low-vision listeners first, but are designed to be captivating to anyone who tunes in. This sonification, which scans the images from left to right, was adapted to a video to allow sighted viewers to watch as a vertical line moves across the frame. The sonification does not represent sounds recorded in space. Two musicians mapped the telescope’s data to sound, carefully composing music that represents near- and mid-infrared light, specifically to hear their contrasts. In a way, this sonification is like modern dance or an abstract painting – it converts two of Webb’s images into a new medium to engage and inspire listeners. Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-webb-s-first-full-color-images-data-are-set-to-sound Also listen to these versions of the Southern Ring Nebula sonification: 1. Near-infrared Image: https://youtu.be/k7zNJsf3z7w 2. Side-by-Side Image: https://youtu.be/La9DB-bcy5Y Want more Webb sonifications? Check out the Carina Nebula sonification (https://youtu.be/j9shIxS-W-8), and the WASP-96 b sonification (https://youtu.be/vqa94WD6smc). Credits: Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI; Accessibility Production: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, and Kimberly Arcand (CXC/SAO), Matt Russo and Andrew Santaguida (SYSTEM Sounds), Quyen Hart (STScI), Claire Blome (STScI), and Christine Malec (consultant). Nasa National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Official: Brian Dunbar No Fear Act FOIA Privacy Accessibility Office of Inspector General Office of Special Counsel Agency Financial Reports Contact NASA

Experience the first full-color images and data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in a brand new way. Webb observed the atmospheric characteristics of the hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-96 b — which contains clear signatures of water — and the resulting transmission spectrum’s individual data points were translated into sound. Data sonifications support blind and low-vision listeners first, but are designed to be captivating to anyone who tunes in. This sonification, which scans the spectrum from left to right, was adapted to a video to allow sighted viewers to watch the progression as the vertical line moves across the graph, ringing out a musical note for each data point. From bottom to top, the y-axis ranges from less to more light blocked. The x-axis represents wavelength of light, and ranges from 0.6 microns on the left to 2.8 microns on the right. The pitches of each data point correspond to the frequencies of light each point represents. Longer wavelengths of light have lower frequencies and are heard as lower pitches

Experience the first full-color images and data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in a brand new way. A near-infrared image of the Cosmic Cliffs in the Carina Nebula, captured by NASA’s Webb Telescope, has been mapped to a symphony of sounds to create a data sonification. This video plays only the notes that represent stars in the image. All stars are represented by a combination of pitches and processed piano notes, but the brightest stars with longer diffraction spikes also carry crashes and clangs from cymbals. Sonifications support blind and low-vision listeners first, but are designed to be captivating to anyone who tunes in. This sonification, which scans the image from left to right, was adapted to a video to allow sighted viewers to watch as a vertical line moves across the frame. Brighter light in the image is louder. The vertical position of light also dictates the frequency of sound. For example, bright light near the top of the image sounds loud and high, but bright light near the bottom is loud and lower pitched. This sonification does not represent sounds recorded in space. Two musicians mapped the telescope’s data to sound, carefully composing music to accurately represent details the team would like listeners to focus on. In a way, this sonification is like modern dance or an impressionist painting – it converts Webb’s image to a new medium to engage and inspire listeners. Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-webb-s-first-full-color-images-data-are-set-to-sound Also listen to: 1. The full sonification: https://youtu.be/j9shIxS-W-8 2. The top of the image: https://youtu.be/ZjJpJwVEe2A 3. The lower half of the image: https://youtu.be/W-MUP2TbsWo Want more Webb sonifications? Check out the Southern Ring Nebula sonifications (https://youtu.be/La9DB-bcy5Y), and the WASP-96 b sonification (https://youtu.be/vqa94WD6smc). Credits: Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI; Accessibility Production: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, and Kimberly Arcand (CXC/SAO), Matt Russo and Andrew Santaguida (SYSTEM Sounds), Quyen Hart (STScI), Claire Blome (STScI), and Christine Malec (consultant). Nasa National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Official: Brian Dunbar No Fear Act FOIA Privacy Accessibility Office of Inspector General Office of Special Counsel Agency Financial Reports Contact NASA

Experience the first full-color images and data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope in a brand new way. In this video, each of Webb's two views of the Southern Ring Nebula — in near-infrared light (at left) and mid-infrared light (at right) — has been adapted to sound. Sonifications support blind and low-vision listeners first, but are designed to be captivating to anyone who tunes in. This sonification, which scans the images from left to right, was adapted to a video to allow sighted viewers to watch as a vertical line moves across the frame. Two stars orbit one another at the center of this planetary nebula. The smaller, fainter red star in the mid-infrared image at right is at the end of its lifetime. It has puffed off layers of gas and dust for thousands of years. Its companion, the brighter, larger star in both images, has stirred up those ejections. Now, listeners can hear the stars and surrounding shells of material in each image clearly. The colors in the images were mapped to pitches of sound, with frequencies of light converted directly to frequencies of sound. Near-infrared light is represented by a higher range of frequencies at the beginning of the track. Mid-way through, the notes change, becoming lower overall to reflect that mid-infrared includes longer wavelengths of light. Listen carefully at 15 seconds and 44 seconds. These notes align with the centers of the near- and mid-infrared images, where the stars at the center of the “action” appear. In the near-infrared image that begins the track, only one star is heard clearly, with a louder clang. In the second half of the track, listeners will hear a low note just before a higher note, which denotes that two stars were detected in mid-infrared light. The lower note represents the redder star that created this nebula, and the second is the star that appears brighter and larger. This sonification does not represent sounds recorded in space. Two musicians mapped the telescope’s data to sound, carefully composing music that represents near- and mid-infrared light, specifically to hear their contrasts. In a way, this sonification is like modern dance or an abstract painting – it converts two of Webb’s images into a new medium to engage and inspire listeners. Learn more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-webb-s-first-full-color-images-data-are-set-to-sound Listen to Webb's near-infrared and mid-infrared images of the Southern Ring Nebula individually: 1. Near-infrared: https://youtu.be/k7zNJsf3z7w 2. Mid-infrared: https://youtu.be/ui0Rpvi1axs Want more Webb sonifications? Check out the Carina Nebula sonification (https://youtu.be/j9shIxS-W-8), and the WASP-96 b sonification (https://youtu.be/vqa94WD6smc). Credits: Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI; Accessibility Production: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, and Kimberly Arcand (CXC/SAO), Matt Russo and Andrew Santaguida (SYSTEM Sounds), Quyen Hart (STScI), Claire Blome (STScI), and Christine Malec (consultant). Nasa National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Official: Brian Dunbar No Fear Act FOIA Privacy Accessibility Office of Inspector General Office of Special Counsel Agency Financial Reports Contact NASA

This video tours areas of Webb’s near-infrared light view of the Pillars of Creation. This area is brimming with gas and dust – which are essential ingredients for star formation. Glowing, bright red wavy lines appear at the edges of some pillars, revealing where stars are ejecting material as they form. The bright red orbs are newly formed stars that have burst into view. Distant galaxies typically make appearances in Webb’s images, but not this one. A translucent layer of gas and dust is drawn like a curtain, allowing the stars to take centerstage. Webb’s near-infrared image will help researchers update their models of star formation. Over time, we’ll learn how stars form and burst out of these dusty clouds over millions of years. Read more about Webb's near-infrared image of the Pillars of Creation:

In July 2022, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope observed El Gordo, a galaxy cluster that existed 6.2 billion years after the big bang. It was selected as the most massive galaxy cluster known at that time in cosmic history. The resulting image reveals a variety of gravitationally lensed galaxies, including striking objects nicknamed the Fishhook and the Thin One. Come with us on a video tour of this new infrared image from Webb. Credits Image: NASA, ESA, CSA Science: Jose M. Diego (IFCA), Brenda Frye (University of Arizona), Patrick Kamieneski (ASU), Tim Carleton (ASU), Rogier Windhorst (ASU) Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI), Jake Summers (ASU), Jordan C. J. D'Silva (UWA), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Aaron Robotham (UWA), Rogier Windhorst (ASU) Video: Danielle Kirshenblat (STScI)

tours a portion of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud complex, the closest star-forming region to Earth. The image was taken to celebrate the first anniversary of the start of science operations for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Jets bursting from young stars crisscross the image, impacting the surrounding interstellar gas and lighting up molecular hydrogen, shown in red. Some stars display the telltale shadow of a circumstellar disk, the makings of future planetary systems. Once our entire solar system, encompassing the entire history of life as we know it, would have appeared something like this if seen from a distance. At bottom, a glowing cave of dust dominates the image. It was carved out by the star S1, at the center of the cavity – the only star in the image that is significantly more massive than our Sun. Credits: NASA, ESA, CSA, Greg Bacon (STScI) Audio description and transcript available here:

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is unfolding the universe, and revealing sights humanity has never seen before. In this video, astronomers describe working with the telescope and how the images and data are collected. From first images to routine operations: experts at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, MD explain how the images are processed, and turned from raw data to the spectacular full-color images seen on the internet. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Producer: Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Writer: Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Interviewer: (Lead) Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Sophia Roberts (AIMM) Michael McClare (KBRwyle) Interviewee: (Lead) Karl Gordon (STScI) Alyssa Pagan (STScI) Joseph DePasquale (STScI) Video editor: Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Animators: Adriana Manrique Gutierrez (KBRwyle) European Space Agency Michael Lentz (KBRwyle) Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Walt Feimer (KBRwyle) Cinematographers: Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) John D. Philyaw (AIMM) Narrator: Sophia Roberts (AIMM) Videographers: Arianespace/ESA/CNES Michael McClare (KBRwyle) Michael P. Menzel (AIMM) Sophia Roberts (AIMM) Technical support: Aaron E. Lepsch (ADNET) Camera Operators: (Lead) John D. Philyaw (AIMM) Michael McClare (KBRwyle)

NASA is preparing to bring scientifically selected rock samples back from Mars for the first time as part of the planned Mars Sample Return campaign with ESA (European Space Agency). Already having gathered 20 samples from the Red Planet, NASA’s Perseverance rover is now poised to enter a new area of Mars’ Jezero Crater and begin collecting samples with the strongest signal of a mineral called carbonate, which on Earth is deposited by liquid water. In bringing these samples to state-of-the-art Earth-based laboratories, the campaign will help scientists understand how rocky planets form and how potentially habitable environments evolve. This edition of the Mars Report, set in the Mars Yard at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, features Mars Sample Return Principal Scientist Mini Wadhwa. She explains the testing and preparations for the Mars Sample Return campaign, as well as the excitement that’s building for bringing those Mars samples to labs on Earth for the first time. To visualize the complicated choreography involved in bringing Mars samples to Earth, watch Mars Sample Return: Bringing Mars Rock Samples Back to Earth For more information on NASA's Mars Sample

The Sun contains 99.8 of the mass in our solar system. Its gravitational pull is what keeps everything here, from tiny Mercury to the gas giants to the Oort Cloud, 186 billion miles away. But even though the Sun has such a powerful pull, it's surprisingly hard to actually go to the Sun: It takes 55 times more energy to go to the Sun than it does to go to Mars. Why is it so difficult? The answer lies in the same fact that keeps Earth from plunging into the Sun: Our planet is traveling very fast - about 67,000 miles per hour - almost entirely sideways relative to the Sun. The only way to get to the Sun is to cancel that sideways motion. Since Parker Solar Probe will skim through the Sun's atmosphere, it only needs to drop 53,000 miles per hour of sideways motion to reach its destination, but that's no easy feat. In addition to using a powerful rocket, the Delta IV Heavy, Parker Solar Probe will perform seven Venus gravity assists over its seven-year mission to shed sideways speed into Venus' well of orbital energy. These gravity assists will draw Parker Solar Probe's orbit closer to the Sun for a record approach of just 3.83 million miles from the Sun's visible surface on the final orbits. Though it's shedding sideways speed to get closer to the Sun, Parker Solar Probe will pick up overall speed, bolstered by Sun's extreme gravity - so it will also break the record for the fastest-ever human-made objects, clocking in at 430,000 miles per hour on its final orbit

The Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun—IS☉IS, pronounced ee-sis and including the symbol for the Sun in its acronym—on board Parker Solar Probe uses two complementary instruments in one combined scientific investigation to measure particles across a wide range of energies. By measuring electrons, protons and ions, IS☉IS will understand the particles’ life cycles—where they came from, how they became accelerated and how they move out from the Sun through interplanetary space The two energetic particle instruments on IS☉IS are called EPI-Lo and EPI-Hi (EPI stands for Energetic Particle Instrument). IS☉IS is led by Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey (principal investigator David McComas), and was built largely at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, and Caltech, in Pasadena, California, with significant contributions from Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland The IS☉IS Science Operations Center is operated at the University of New Hampshire in Durham. Learn more: