CigaretteSmokingMan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleisthenes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephialtes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenian_democracy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miltiades https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonidas_I https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristides https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themistocles https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Persian_invasion_of_Greece https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Plataea https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delian_League https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socratic_method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarch https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnesian_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysander https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartan_hegemony https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theban_hegemony https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinthian_War https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_Macedonia_under_Philip_II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_Alexander_the_Great The ethnonym Μακεδόνες (Makedónes) stems from the Ancient Greek adjective μακεδνός (makednós), meaning "tall, slim", also the name of a people related to the Dorians (Herodotus). It is most likely cognate with the adjective μακρός (makrós), meaning "long" or "tall" in Ancient Greek. The name is believed to have originally meant either "highlanders", "the tall ones", or "high grown men". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ptolemy-I-Soter Ptolemy I Soter, (born 367/366 bc, Macedonia—died 283/282, Egypt), Macedonian general of Alexander the Great, who became ruler of Egypt (323–285 bc) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty, which reigned longer than any other dynasty established on the soil of the Alexandrian empire and only succumbed to the Romans in 30 bc. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cleopatra-queen-of-Egypt Daughter of King Ptolemy XII Auletes, Cleopatra was destined to become the last queen of the Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 bce and its annexation by Rome in 30 bce. The line had been founded by Alexander’s general Ptolemy, who became King Ptolemy I Soter of Egypt. Cleopatra was of Macedonian descent and had little, if any, Egyptian blood, although the Classical author Plutarch wrote that she alone of her house took the trouble to learn Egyptian and, for political reasons, styled herself as the new Isis, a title that distinguished her from the earlier Ptolemaic queen Cleopatra III, who had also claimed to be the living embodiment of the goddess Isis.

Athens (/ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz; Greek: Αθήνα, romanized: Athína, pronounced [aˈθina] Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, romanized: Athênai, pronounced [atʰɛ̂ːnai̯]) is a major coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, and it is both the capital and the largest city of Greece. With its urban area's population numbering over three million, it is also the eighth largest urban area in the European Union. Athens dominates and is the capital of the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence beginning somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years. The city was named after Athena, the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom. Classical Athens was one of the most powerful city-states in ancient Greece. It was a centre for democracy, the arts, education and philosophy, and was highly influential throughout the European continent, particularly in Ancient Rome. For this reason, it is often regarded as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy in its own right, independently of the rest of Greece. In modern times, Athens is a huge cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2023, Athens metropolitan area and its surrounding municipalities (consisting the regional area of Attica) has a population of approximately 4.2 million. Athens is a Beta-status global city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and is one of the biggest economic centers in Southeastern Europe. It also has a large financial sector, and its port Piraeus is both the 2nd busiest passenger port in Europe, and the 13th largest container port in the world. The Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire urban area, had a population of 698.567 (in 2023) within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). The Athens metropolitan area or Greater Athens extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits as well as its urban agglomeration, with a population of 4,207,281 (in 2023) over an area of 2,928.717 km2 (1,131 sq mi). Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland. The heritage of the Classical Era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient monuments, and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, considered a key landmark of early Western culture. The city also retains Roman, Byzantine and a smaller number of Ottoman monuments, while its historical urban core features elements of continuity through its millennia of history. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery. Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834, include the Hellenic Parliament and the Architectural Trilogy of Athens, consisting of the National Library of Greece, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and the Academy of Athens. Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the National Archeological Museum, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, the Acropolis Museum, the Museum of Cycladic Art, the Benaki Museum, and the Byzantine and Christian Museum. Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it hosted the 2004 Summer Olympics, making it one of five cities to have hosted the Summer Olympics on multiple occasions. Athens joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016. According to the ancient Athenian founding myth, Athena, the goddess of wisdom and war, competed against Poseidon, the God of the Seas, for patronage of the yet-unnamed city; they agreed that whoever gave the Athenians the better gift would become their patron and appointed Cecrops, the king of Athens, as the judge. According to the account given by Pseudo-Apollodorus, Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and a salt water spring welled up. In an alternative version of the myth from Vergil's poem Georgics, Poseidon instead gave the Athenians the first horse. In both versions, Athena offered the Athenians the first domesticated olive tree. Cecrops accepted this gift and declared Athena the patron goddess of Athens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Athens https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Athens https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athens

https://odysee.com/@CigaretteSmokingman:5/The-Greco-Italian-War_28_10_1940-to-23_04_1941-(including-Battle-of-Crete)-WW-II-Documentary:6 The Greek victory over the initial Italian offensive of October 1940 was the first major Allied land victory of the Second World War and helped raise morale in occupied Europe. ITALY :565,000 men, 463 aircraft, 163 light tanks GREECE : less than 300,000 men, 77 aircraft The Greco-Italian War, also known as the Italo-Greek War, was a conflict between Italy and Greece, which lasted from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941. The conflict marked the beginning of the Balkans campaign of World War II and the initial Greek counteroffensive, the first successful land campaign against the Axis powers in the war. The conflict known as the Battle of Greece began with the intervention of Nazi Germany on 6 April 1941. In Greece, it is known as the "War of '40"and in Italy as the "War of Greece". Some historians, such as John Keegan, argue that it may have influenced the course of the entire war by forcing Germany to postpone the invasion of the Soviet Union in order to assist Italy against Greece. The delay meant that the German forces invading the Soviet Union had not attained their objectives for that year before the harsh Russian winter, leading to their defeat at the Battle of Moscow. Looking back near the end of the war, as Germany's inevitable and impending defeat loomed ever closer, Hitler attributed great blame to Mussolini's Greek fiasco as the cause of his own subsequent catastrophe. Greeks suffered hugely at the hands of Hitler’s forces, enduring what Germany’s president, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, recently described on a visit to Greece as “unimaginable” horrors. Tens of thousands were killed in reprisals as Greeks mounted what historians would later hail as a heroic resistance against the Wehrmacht [Nazi armed forces], with entire villages being wiped out between 1941 and 1944. By the time the occupation ended, an estimated 300,000 people had died from famine and the country’s Jewish community had been almost entirely obliterated. Greece demands €300bn in damages following debate on the findings of an all-inclusive parliamentary inquiry into the German occupation. "These demands are valid and active". The findings have been described as the first complete reading of Nazi atrocities in Greece. In its report – compiled after in-depth research of records obtained from US national archives and Russia – the cross-party committee estimated that €11bn was owed for an interest-free “occupation loan” forcibly extracted by German forces. Gold holdings, seized from the country’s central bank in 1943, were used to fund Germany’s campaign in North Africa. A further €288bn, it said, remained outstanding for the destruction Greece sustained during the war. A Bundestag report in 2019 found that Greece's claims did have legal weight. Countries such as Greece and Poland that had been invaded by Germany in the war were not included in the negotiations for the treaty. The vice president of the Bundestag, the Greens' Claudia Roth, said she was ashamed of Germany's attitude, while Left lawmaker Heike Hansel called the government's position "neither morally nor legally acceptable." Greek compensation claims pale by comparison. Warsaw was razed to the ground by the Nazis after an abortive uprising in which 200,000 civilians died. The lives of 6 million Poles – including 3 million Polish Jews – were lost. Poland, which also faces parliamentary elections this year, has since demanded €800bn in war debts it insists it is still owed by Germany.