Supercoiling Muscles
Could this actually be what they call Morgellons, I believe so. Maybe a malfunction of the technology.
This overview describes a new type of artificial muscle inspired by DNA. Full details of the work are available in our paper published in Science Robotics, Volume 6, Issue 53, 2021. (DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abf4788)
Supercoiling in DNA and chromatin
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24584092/
A Low-cost Inchworm-inspired Soft Robot Driven by Supercoiled Polymer Artificial Muscle
DNA-Inspired ‘Supercoiling’ Fibres Could Make Powerful Artificial Muscles For Robots
The double helix of DNA is one of the most iconic symbols in science.
By imitating the structure of this complex genetic molecule we have found a way to make artificial muscle fibres far more powerful than those found in nature,
with potential applications in many kinds of miniature machinery such as prosthetic hands and dextrous robotic devices.
The power of the helix DNA is not the only helix in nature.
Flip through any biology textbook and you’ll see helices everywhere from the alpha-helix shapes of
individual proteins to the “coiled coil” helices of fibrous protein assemblies like keratin in hair.
Some bacteria, such as spirochetes, adopt helical shapes. Even the cell walls of plants can contain helically arranged cellulose fibres.
Muscle tissue too is composed of helically wrapped proteins that form thin filaments. And there are many other examples, which poses the question of whether the helix endows a particular evolutionary advantage.
Many of these naturally occurring helical structures are involved in making things move,
like the opening of seed pods and the twisting of trunks, tongues and tentacles.
These systems share a common structure: helically oriented fibres embedded in a squishy matrix which allows complex mechanical actions like bending,
twisting, lengthening and shortening, or coiling.
Fibres in a twist
Ten years ago my work on artificial muscles brought me to think a lot about helices. My colleagues and I discovered a simple way to make powerful rotating artificial muscle fibres by simply twisting synthetic yarns.
These yarn fibres could rotate by untwisting when we expanded the volume of the yarn by heating it, making it absorb small molecules, or by charging it like a battery. Shrinking the fibre caused the fibres to re-twist.
Supercoiling can create extra-strong synthetic muscles
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/dna-supercoiling
Supercoiled Structure of Circular DNA:
Understanding DNA supercoiling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/reader/pii/S0959437X13001500/pdf
Artificial Muscle May Lead To ‘Smart’ Clothing
Tetrapyrrole signal as a cell-cycle coordinator from organelle to nuclear DNA replication in plant cells
Electricity Generation With A Twist
https://www.asianscientist.com/2017/08/tech/energy-yarn-electricity-stretch/
How a 'twisting' method could help us build artificial muscles for robotic prostheses
bactieral chromosomes have a single point of origin
https://pulpbits.net/4-dna-replication-animation/
Cellular Strategies for Regulating DNA Supercoiling: A Single-Molecule Perspective
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0092-8674%2810%2900896-2
Supercoiling DNA optically
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337797410_Supercoiling_DNA_optically/download
Visualization of DNA and Protein–DNA Complexes with Atomic Force Microscopy
original link by BionicMuscles
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