Yaesu FT-891 in Woodlands | NVIS Antenna Experiment | Near Vertical

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Near vertical incidence skywave, or NVIS, is a skywave radio-wave propagation path that provides usable signals in the distances range — usually 0–650 km (0–400 miles). It is used for military and paramilitary communications, broadcasting,[1] especially in the tropics, and by radio amateurs for nearby contacts circumventing line-of-sight barriers. The radio waves travel near-vertically upwards into the ionosphere, where they are refracted back down and can be received within a circular region up to 650 km (400 miles) from the transmitter.[2] If the frequency is too high (that is, above the critical frequency of the ionospheric F layer), refraction fails to occur and if it is too low, absorption in the ionospheric D layer may reduce the signal strength.

There is no fundamental difference between NVIS and conventional skywave propagation; the practical distinction arises solely from different desirable radiation patterns of the antennas (near vertical for NVIS, near horizontal for conventional long-range skywave propagation).

Yaesu FT-891 HF+50Mhz ALL MODE MOBILE TRANSCEIVER
The FT-891 HF All Mode Mobile Transceiver once again continues Yaesu's legacy for legendary receiver design in a compact package, providing uncompromised performance for both the mobile and stationary Amateur operator. High end 32-Bit floating point DSP enhances the operating experience providing a cleaner, clearer signal and reducing overall operator fatigue creating a more enjoyable environment for any Amateur operator.

Uncompromising Receiver Circuit Design Ensures Excellent Performance
• Triple conversion with a 1st IF frequency of 69.450 MHz (SSB/CW/AM
• 3 kHz roofing filter equipped as standard feature
• TCXO provides ±0.5 ppm High frequency stability (-10°C to +50°C)
Stable 100 Watt Output
The FT-891 provides stable 100 Watts (25W AM) of high power output. High reliability is assured by the transmitters careful circuit design with efficient thermostatically-controlled Dual internal fans and the die cast heat transferring chassis.
32-Bit IF DSP Provides effective and optimized QRM rejection
The 32 bit high speed floating Point DSP (max 3000 MIPS) provides effective cancellation/reduction (DNR) of the random noise that is frequently frustrating while on the HF bands. The highly optimized AUTO NOTCH (DNF) automatically eliminates dominant beat tones, and the CONTOUR, and the APF, are very effective receiver noise reduction tools during HF band operations.
USB Connection
A native USB connection supports PC connectivity with a single cable, allowing for full rig control via a virtual serial port connection (VCP).
Features for Ease of Operation
• Large diameter Main Tuning Dial (1.6” / 41mm) with Torque adjustment
• Pop-up Menu for quick and easy navigation
• Multi-function Knob
• Large Transmit/Receive indicator
• Three programmable Front Panel Function Keys
Support for ATAS (Active Tuning Antenna System)
The FT-891 fully supports the ATAS-25 and ATAS-120A Active Tuning Antenna System (optional) allowing for plug and play field and mobile operation.
Ultra compact design
Measuring 6.1” x 2.0” x 8.6” (155 x 52 x 218 mm), The FT-891 is an innovative Multi-band, Multi-mode Mobile/Portable transceiver with an Ultra Compact and rugged case design.
Optional FC-50 Antenna Tuner Unit
The FC-50 is a microprocessor-controlled antenna tuner that is designed specifically for the FT-891. The FC-50 can be easily coupled with the FT-891 and includes all necessary interconnect cables for operation right out of the box.
Specifications

Knobs
Weight (Approx.): 4.18 lb (1.9 kg)
Output Power: 100W SSB/CW/FM (AM: 25W)
Circuit Type: SSB/CW/AM: Triple-conversion Super-heterodyne FM: Double Conversion Super-heterodyne
Intermediate Frequencies: 1st: 69.450 MHz / 2nd: 450 KHz
Maximum AF Output: 2.5 W 4 ohmz with 10% THD
Audio output Impedance: 4 to 16 Ohms (8 Ohms nominal)
Sensitivity: SSB/CW (S/N 10dB) 0.158uV (1.8 - 30 MHz), 0.125uV (50 -54 MHz)
AM (S/N 10 dB) 4 uV (0.5 – 1.8 MHz), 1.6uV (1.8 – 30 MHz), 1.2uV (50 – 54 MHz)
FM (12 dB SINAD) 0.35uV (29, 50 – 54 MHz)