Why Blue LEDs Were Almost Impossible — The GaN Breakthrough That Changed Everything

Red and green were easy—but blue took decades. The roadblock? Finding and taming a wide-bandgap material. This video breaks down how researchers cracked gallium nitride (GaN) growth on sapphire, activated p-type Mg doping (after hydrogen passivation), and built InGaN quantum wells with MOCVD—unlocking bright blue, then white LEDs for phones, TVs, and global lighting. Simple visuals, real history (Akasaki, Amano, Nakamura), and zero fluff. Comment “TIMELINE” for the milestones.