📖 The Seerah of Prophet Muhammad

1. Birth and Early Life

Born: 570 CE (Year of the Elephant) in Makkah.

Tribe: Quraysh, clan of Banu Hashim (descendants of Prophet Ibrahim through Ismail).

Father: Abdullah ibn Abdul Muttalib (died before birth).

Mother: Amina bint Wahb (died when he was 6).

Orphaned young; raised by grandfather Abdul Muttalib, then uncle Abu Talib.

Known as al-Amīn (the trustworthy).

🌟 2. Youth & Early Adulthood

Worked as a shepherd, later a trader.

Gained reputation for honesty in business.

Married Khadijah (RA) at age 25 (she was 40).

Had children: Qasim, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah, and Abdullah (boys died young).

🌟 3. First Revelation

At age 40 (610 CE), in Cave Hira, Angel Jibreel (Gabriel) appeared with the first verses of Qur’an:

“Read in the name of your Lord…” (Surah Al-‘Alaq 96:1-5).

Trembled, returned to Khadijah who comforted him.

Khadijah took him to Waraqa ibn Nawfal (Christian scholar) who confirmed he was a Prophet.

🌟 4. Early Da’wah (Secret Call)

Preached secretly for 3 years.

First believers: Khadijah, Ali ibn Abi Talib, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, Zayd ibn Harithah.

Then invited Quraysh openly, recited:

“Warn your close family…” (Qur’an 26:214).

Faced mockery and persecution.

🌟 5. Persecution in Makkah

Muslims tortured: Bilal ibn Rabah, Ammar ibn Yasir, Sumayyah bint Khayyat (first martyr in Islam).

Prophet ﷺ protected by Abu Talib.

Boycott: Quraysh cut off Muslims from trade & food; they suffered 3 years in hardship (Sha’b Abi Talib).

Year of Sorrow (619 CE): Death of Khadijah (RA) and Abu Talib.

🌟 6. Isra and Mi’raj (Night Journey & Ascension)

Taken miraculously from Makkah to Jerusalem (Al-Aqsa).

Ascended through heavens, met earlier Prophets.

Given the gift of 5 daily prayers.

Qur’an: “Glory be to Him Who took His servant by night…” (17:1).

🌟 7. Migration to Madinah (Hijrah – 622 CE)

Invited by tribes of Aws and Khazraj (later called Ansar).

Hijrah marks start of Islamic calendar.

Built the Masjid Nabawi.

Brotherhood between Muhajirun (migrants) and Ansar (helpers).

🌟 8. Major Battles

Battle of Badr (624 CE)

313 Muslims vs 1000 Quraysh.

Great victory by Allah’s help.

Qur’an (8:17): “It was not you who threw when you threw, but Allah threw.”

Battle of Uhud (625 CE)

Muslims disobeyed archers’ orders.

Prophet injured.

Lesson: Obedience brings victory.

Battle of the Trench (627 CE)

Quraysh & allies besieged Madinah.

Muslims dug trenches (Salman al-Farisi’s idea).

Allah sent wind & confusion, enemies fled.