Diabetes drugs & NAD

Diabetes – Causes, Symptoms, Types, and Management

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body’s inability to produce or effectively use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose absorption into cells for energy. Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious health complications, including heart disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, vision problems, and stroke.

Types of Diabetes

1. Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Usually diagnosed in children and young adults.

2. Type 2 Diabetes: The most common form, where the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough. Often linked to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetics.

3. Gestational Diabetes: Occurs during pregnancy and increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Frequent urination

Excessive thirst and hunger

Unexplained weight loss

Fatigue and weakness

Blurred vision

Slow-healing wounds

Tingling or numbness in hands and feet

Causes and Risk Factors

Genetic predisposition and family history

Obesity and poor diet

Sedentary lifestyle

Age over 45 (especially for type 2 diabetes)

Hormonal changes (gestational diabetes)

Management and Treatment

Effective diabetes management involves lifestyle changes, monitoring blood sugar levels, and medication or insulin therapy. Key strategies include:

Healthy diet rich in fiber, whole grains, and low-glycemic foods

Regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity

Weight management

Monitoring blood glucose and HbA1c levels

Medications such as metformin or insulin injections when necessary

Complications of Uncontrolled Diabetes

Without proper management, diabetes can lead to:

Cardiovascular disease

Kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy)

Nerve damage (diabetic neuropathy)

Eye problems (diabetic retinopathy)

Foot ulcers and infections

Prevention Tips

Maintain a balanced diet and healthy weight

Engage in regular exercise

Avoid excessive sugar and processed foods

Monitor blood sugar if at risk

Diabetes is a serious but manageable condition. Early detection, lifestyle changes, and proper medical care are crucial for living a healthy, active life.

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