Trumps Big Beautiful Bill Passed - Who Really Wins

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"The One Big Beautiful Bill Act" is a sweeping legislative package passed by the 119th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 4, 2025. It aims to implement core tenets of his second-term agenda, encompassing significant changes across various sectors, including taxation, spending, defense, immigration, and particularly, agriculture, nutrition, and forestry.

**Key provisions related to Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (Title I):**

* **Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Reforms:**
* **Thrifty Food Plan (TFP):** Prohibits the USDA from increasing the cost of the TFP (used to determine SNAP benefits) based on reevaluations of its contents. Future adjustments will be tied to the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers.
* **Work Requirements:** Expands and tightens work requirements for able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs), raising the age limit for these requirements from 55 to 65. It also modifies exemptions and repeals state exemptions based on area unemployment rates.
* **Eligibility:** Limits SNAP benefits primarily to U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, and certain lawfully admitted permanent residents, excluding other alien classifications previously eligible.
* **Payment Error Rates:** Requires all SNAP payment errors to be included in the calculation of state payment error rates, which can impact state cost-sharing.

* **Commodity and Farm Programs:**
* **Farm Safety Net:** Enhances the farm safety net by increasing reference prices for major crops (e.g., corn, soybeans, wheat) under the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) and Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) programs. It allows producers to elect the higher of PLC or ARC for 2025.
* **Payment Limits:** Raises payment limits for individuals and removes income caps for farmers or entities deriving 75% or more of their income from agriculture or forestry.
* **Base Acres:** Allows the USDA to enroll up to 30 million new base acres based on production history.
* **Specialty Crops:** Extends the U.S. sugar program and provides economic adjustment assistance for textile mills.

* **Rural Development, Conservation, and Forestry:**
* **Conservation Funding:** Shifts funding for programs like the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) into the baseline of the Farm Bill, rescinding unobligated Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) funds for these and forestry programs.
* **Rural Investment:** Expands trade promotion, research, and rural energy programs, including $60 million for scholarships at 1890 Institutions.
* **Feral Swine Eradication:** Continues funding for feral swine eradication through 2031.

In essence, Title I of "The One Big Beautiful Bill" significantly reconfigures federal support for agriculture and nutrition programs, generally aiming to strengthen the farm safety net while implementing stricter eligibility and work requirements for food assistance.