Karl Marx

Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, and political theorist best known as the founder of modern socialism and communism. Alongside Friedrich Engels, he co-authored The Communist Manifesto (1848), a revolutionary text that argued history is shaped by class struggle and called for the working class (proletariat) to rise against capitalist systems.

Marx’s most influential work, Das Kapital, critiqued capitalism in depth, analyzing how labor, profit, and exploitation function in industrial societies. His ideas laid the groundwork for Marxist theory, which influenced revolutions, political movements, and economic thought worldwide.

Marx envisioned a classless, stateless society where the means of production would be owned collectively, aiming to eliminate inequality and oppression. Though controversial and interpreted in many ways, his legacy continues to shape global debates on economics, labor rights, and social justice.