Massive eruption at Indonesia’s Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki. This is insane.

Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki. - Give me sone details on the eruption

Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki, a stratovolcano on Flores Island, Indonesia, has a history of frequent eruptions due to its location on the Pacific "Ring of Fire." Below are key details about its recent eruptive activity, focusing on significant events in 2024 and 2025, based on available information:
Recent Eruption Timeline
December 2023 - January 2024: A series of explosive eruptions began on December 23, 2023, with a notable eruption on January 1, 2024, producing a white-to-black ash column 1,000–1,500 meters high. A 160-meter-long crack was observed at the summit, emitting thick white smoke. Approximately 6,500 people were evacuated, and the Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport was closed due to seismic activity. No casualties were reported during this period.

November 3–9, 2024: A deadly series of eruptions occurred, with a significant event on November 3 at 22:57 UTC+7, spewing ash up to 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) and volcanic material up to 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) from the crater. This eruption killed at least 10 people, injured dozens, and destroyed homes, including a convent in Hokeng village. Hot ash and rocks caused fires and structural collapses, affecting over 10,000 people across 10–14 villages. Authorities raised the alert level to IV (highest) and expanded the exclusion zone to a 7-kilometer radius, later extended to 8 kilometers on the northwest and southwest slopes. On November 7, seven eruptions occurred, with the largest ash column reaching 8,000 meters (26,240 feet). By November 9, ash columns reached 10 kilometers, and over 16,000 residents were targeted for evacuation, with 10,700 displaced to eight emergency shelters.

March 2025: On March 16, an eruption produced a 1,200-meter ash column, followed by a major eruption on March 21, sending ash clouds over 8,000 meters (26,000 feet) high. This prompted the alert level to be raised to IV, with an 8-kilometer danger zone. One person was injured during evacuations, and seven international flights to Bali were canceled, though Bali’s airport remained operational. The geological agency warned of potential lahar (mud or debris) flows due to heavy rain.

May 2025: On May 18, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki erupted eight times, with ash columns reaching 3,000–5,500 meters (9,800–18,000 feet). The alert level was raised to IV, and residents were advised to avoid a 5.6-kilometer radius and wear masks to protect against ash. No evacuations were ordered, but monitoring continued due to high volcanic activity.

June 17, 2025: The most recent major eruption occurred at 17:35 WITA, producing a towering ash cloud 10,000–11,000 meters (6.2–6.8 miles) high. The alert level remained at IV, with warnings of potential lava flows during heavy rain. No immediate flight disruptions or casualties were reported, but the volcanology agency continued monitoring. Images showed a mushroom-shaped orange ash cloud affecting nearby villages.

Impact and Response
Casualties and Damage: The November 2024 eruptions were the deadliest, with at least 10 fatalities and significant damage to 2,384 homes, schools, churches, and infrastructure, including a main road connecting East Flores to Larantuka. Craters from falling rocks measured up to 13 meters wide and 5 meters deep.

Evacuations: Over 16,000 people were targeted for evacuation in November 2024, with many relocated to temporary shelters. Earlier evacuations in January 2024 displaced 6,500 people.

Airport Closures: The Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport has been closed since January 2024 due to ongoing seismic activity. Additional airports in Ende, Larantuka, and Bajawa closed temporarily in November 2024 due to ash hazards. Flight disruptions to Bali occurred in March 2025.

Geological Context: The volcano’s activity is driven by magma blockages in the crater, reducing detectable seismic signals but increasing pressure, leading to explosive eruptions.

Geological Background
Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki (1,584 meters) and its twin, Lewotobi Perempuan (1,703 meters), are stratovolcanoes less than 2 kilometers apart, named “husband and wife” in local tradition. Laki-Laki is more active, with frequent eruptions in the 19th and 20th centuries, while Perempuan’s last eruptions were in 1921 and 1935. The volcanoes are part of the Lesser Sunda Islands volcanic arc, formed by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.

Current Status
As of June 17, 2025, Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki remains at Alert Level IV due to its high activity. Authorities continue to enforce exclusion zones and warn of lahar risks during heavy rainfall. The volcano’s frequent eruptions underscore Indonesia’s vulnerability to seismic and volcanic hazards, given its position on the “Ring of Fire.”

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