Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Senior Dogs: What You Need to Know

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Senior Dogs: What You Need to Know
By Dr. Rafael, Veterinary Cardiologist
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common heart conditions in senior dogs. It is a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood efficiently, resulting in fluid buildup in the lungs or abdomen, depending on which side of the heart is affected.
What causes CHF in senior dogs?
In senior dogs, CHF is usually the result of:
Mitral Valve Degeneration: A condition in which the heart valves wear out, causing blood to leak into the heart.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): A condition in which the heart muscle becomes weak and unable to contract properly.
Pulmonary Hypertension: High blood pressure in the arteries that connect the heart to the lungs.
Clinical Signs
Symptoms vary, but the most common include: Persistent cough, especially at night; Difficulty breathing; Fatigue and exercise intolerance; Loss of appetite; Swollen abdomen due to fluid buildup (ascites); Weakness or fainting episodes (syncope).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of CHF in dogs is based on a combination of:
Physical examination: Your veterinarian may listen for abnormal heart sounds, such as murmurs.
X-rays: To assess the size of the heart and possible fluid buildup in the lungs.
Echocardiography: An ultrasound of the heart that allows the heart structures to be visualized and abnormalities identified.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): To analyze the heart rhythm.
Treatment
Although there is no cure for CHF, proper management can provide quality of life for older dogs. Treatment usually includes:
Medications: Diuretics to reduce fluid accumulation, ACE inhibitors (such as enalapril or benazepril) to relieve cardiac strain, and medications to improve heart function, such as pimobendan.
Diet: Control sodium in the diet to prevent fluid retention.
Weight Control: Obese dogs have more difficulty dealing with CHF.
Regular Monitoring: Frequent visits to the veterinarian to monitor the progression of the disease.
Prevention and Care
Although it is not possible to completely prevent CHF, keeping the heart healthy from an early age can delay the onset of symptoms. Provide a balanced diet, encourage regular exercise, and perform annual check-ups, especially in dogs of predisposed breeds, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Dachshund, and Doberman.
CHF can be a challenge for both the animal and the guardians, but with early diagnosis and appropriate care, it is possible to ensure a dignified and comfortable life for your four-legged friend.
If you notice any signs of CHF in your dog, seek out a veterinarian who specializes in cardiology as soon as possible. The right diagnosis and treatment can make all the difference!