The Intricate Role of Spindle Neurons in Human Intuition

https://www.ihadnoclue.com/article/1074949361000939521

Summary: The article describes spindle neurons (or Von Economo neurons), specialized brain cells in the anterior cingulate and fronto-insular cortices. First identified in 1925, these large, elongated cells are distinct from typical pyramidal neurons, featuring streamlined structures that transmit signals rapidly between emotional and cognitive centers. Spindle neurons develop dramatically during a child's first four years, coinciding with social awareness development. Surprisingly, these cells aren't unique to humans but also appear in whales, elephants, and certain birds like corvids—all species exhibiting complex social behaviors, tool use, and apparent empathy despite being evolutionarily distant. This convergent evolution suggests that spindle neurons provide a critical advantage for navigating complex social environments. Researchers believe these cells form the neurobiological basis for intuition and rapid social judgment, creating neural shortcuts that enable quick assessment of social situations. Damage to these neurons, as seen in frontotemporal dementia, results in loss of social awareness and empathy, further supporting their role in social cognition.