Philolaus (Pre-Socratic/Pythagorean Philosopher)

Philolaus was a pre-Socratic philosopher associated with the Pythagorean tradition, active around the late 5th century BCE. He is known for developing an early cosmological system that emphasized the role of number, limit, and the unlimited as fundamental principles of reality. Philolaus proposed a cosmos centered not on the Earth but on a “central fire,” around which the other celestial bodies—including the sun and planets—revolve. His thought bridged mythic Pythagorean ideas with more rational explanations of natural phenomena, influencing later philosophical developments and contributing to the mathematical and metaphysical foundations of Greek philosophy.

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